#MeToo, Statutory Rape Laws, and the Persistence of Gender Stereotypes
Autor/in:
Garfield Tenzer, Leslie
Quelle: Utah Law Review, (2019) , S 117–157
Inhalt: Using the example of statutory rape laws, this article explains how movements for increased equality between men and women can fail to meet their stated goals. The article begins by exploring traditional statutory rape laws, which stereotypically gendered perpetrators and victims. It follows with a discussion of the political forces behind the nation-wide change to neutralize gendered statutes. The article dedicates significant attention to the flaws of gender-neutral statutory rape laws, which, by removing gender designations of victims and perpetrators, grant prosecutors unchecked discretion to choose which partner to charge in cases of mutual consent to the same prohibited conduct. Today prosecutors are three times more likely to charge males with statutory rape than they are to charge females with the crime. Parents of females’ alert authorities of prohibited sexual activity of their daughters at a rate that is largely disproportionate to that of parents of males. Prosecutorial stereotyping as it pertains to prohibited sexual intimacy between consenting teens has created an unfortunate return to the female-victim paradigm that proponents of gender-neutral statutory rape laws sought to erase. The article concludes with a recommendation for achieving a more balanced application of gender-neutral laws.
Schlagwörter:#MeToo; Feminimus; feminism; gender stereotypes; Gesetzgebung; law; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexuelle Gewalt; Stereotype
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Inhalt: Using the concept of stealth power and a critical realist perspective, this article identifies leadership practices that obscure the centralisation of power, drawing on data from interviews with 25 academic decision-makers in formal leadership positions in HERIs in Ireland, Italy and Turkey.
Its key contribution is the innovative operationalisation of stealth power and the inductive identification of four practices which obscure that centralised power, i.e. rhetorical collegiality, agendacontrol, in-group loyalty and (at a deeper level) the invisibility of gendered power. The purpose of the article is emancipatory: by creating an awareness of these leadership practices, it challenges their persistence.
Schlagwörter:agenda control; centralised power; Führungskultur; Higher Education Research Institutes; in-group loyalty; interviews; invisibility of gendered power; Leadership practices; Machtdynamiken; Machtgefälle; rhetorical collegiality; senior management; senior position holders; stealth power; Universität
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Netzwerke und Organisationen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Inhalt: The goal of sex and gender analysis is to promote rigorous, reproducible and responsible science. Incorporating sex and gender analysis into experimental design has enabled advancements across many disciplines, such as improved treatment of heart disease and insights into the societal impact of algorithmic bias. Here we discuss the potential for sex and gender analysis to foster scientific discovery, improve experimental efficiency and enable social equality. We provide a roadmap for sex and gender analysis across scientific disciplines and call on researchers, funding agencies, peer-reviewed journals and universities to coordinate efforts to implement robust methods of sex and gender analysis.
Schlagwörter:Animals; artificial intelligence; engineering; female; Gender; gender analysis; humans; Ingenieurwissenschaft; male; method; Methode; sample size; sex; Sex Characteristics; sex factors
The Penalties for Self-Reporting Sexual Harassment
Autor/in:
Hart, Chloe G.
Quelle: Gender & Society, 33 (2019) 4, S 534–559
Inhalt: Although sexual harassment in the workplace is illegal, it often goes unreported. this study employs causal evidence to evaluate one deterrent to reporting: bias against women known to be sexual harassment targets. I theorize about the form this bias takes and test the argument with a national survey experiment run in five waves from october 2017 to February 2018, where participants were asked to propose employment outcomes for an employee with one of four harassment experiences. Participants were less likely to recommend a woman for promotion if she self-reported sexual harassment relative to otherwise identical women who experienced nonsexual harassment or whose sexual harassment was reported by a coworker. the woman who self-reported sexual harassment experienced normative discrimination: that is, the promotion bias was significantly mediated by perceptions that she was less moral, warm, and socially skilled than the woman whose coworker reported her sexual harassment. these results indicate that women may hesitate to report sexual harassment because they rightly perceive that doing so could cause them to experience bias. Yet they also suggest that bias can be avoided if a bystander reports the harassment. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest that in the wake of #Metoo this bias may be fading.
Schlagwörter:#MeToo; Arbeitsplatz; bias; discrimination; Diskriminierung am Arbeitsplatz; Gender; Normen; sexism; Sexismus; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Stereotype; violence; workplace
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: European Journal of Politics and Gender, 2 (2019) 1, S 23–40
Inhalt: This article conceptualises gender expertise in global governance as a transnational field. We propose two theoretical shifts: a depersonalisation to understand expertise as a field rather than experts as individuals or a group of people; and a re-conceptualisation of expertise from a depoliticised body of knowledge towards expertise as a performative and intrinsically political practice. Drawing on qualitative data, we identify practices of boundary drawing and erasing to analyse three key cleavages of this field: contestations over the boundary between gender expertise and feminism; contestations over scientific epistemologies and authority; and contestations over the logics of (post-)colonial politics surrounding gender expertise
Schlagwörter:epistemology; Expertise; feminism; Gender; Genderkompetenz; global governance; performance; political science; Politikwissenschaft; (post-)coloniality; Theoriebildung
Gender experts and critical friends : Research in relations of proximity
Autor/in:
Holvikivi, Aiko
Quelle: European Journal of Politics and Gender, 2 (2019) 1, S 131–147
Inhalt: Research on gender expertise is often conducted from relations of proximity between academics and gender experts, raising familiar feminist methodological questions about the researcher–researched relationship. In this article, I take up the suggestion that such relationships should be guided by the principles of 'critical friendship'. I argue that critical friendship should be understood as a two-way relationship that creates space to negotiate the goals of gender expertise and how it is practised. I also caution that relations of critical friendship may cause researchers to privilege the perspectives of Global North gender experts in academic analyses, while silencing other voices.
Schlagwörter:CRITICAL FRIENDSHIP; FEMINIST RESEARCH METHODS; FIELDWORK; gender expertise; gender knowledge; Genderkompetenz; Kritik; MILITARISATION; political science; Politikwissenschaft; RESEARCH ETHICS
The Perils of Gender Beliefs for Men Leaders as Change Agents for Gender Equality
Autor/in:
Humbert, Anne Laure; Kelan, Elisabeth K.; van den Brink, Marieke
Quelle: European Management Review, 16 (2019) 4, S 1143–1157
Inhalt: This article examines the potentially damaging role that gender beliefs can play in hindering women’s equal representation in leadership positions. Based on a secondary analysis of a large-scale EU-wide survey (Eurobarometer 76.1), the article shows that essentialist gender beliefs lower support for equality interventions such as quotas or targets, particularly among men as leaders. The results show that discriminatory gender beliefs partially mediate this relationship and produce a more negative effect among men leaders. The paper contributes to understanding the role essentialist gender beliefs often lay the groundwork for gender discriminatory beliefs. Those in turn hinder support for effective gender equality measures. Gender essentialist beliefs can be held by everyone but are more prevalent among men leaders. We conclude that greater gender balance in leadership cannot be achieved without tackling underlying gender beliefs, particularly among men leaders since they are called upon to enact change. We thereby argue that simply asking for men to become change agents for gender equality is not an effective strategy if underlying gender beliefs are left unchallenged.
Rezension: Inka Greusing: „Wir haben ja jetzt auch ein paar Damen bei uns“ - Symbolische Grenzziehungen und Heteronormativität in den Ingenieurwissenschaften. Opladen u.a.: Budrich UniPress 2018 - Querelles-net, Jg. 20, Nr. 3 (2019)
Autor/in:
Kaiser, Anelis
Quelle: (2019)
Inhalt: Trotz Bemühungen auf Ebene der Gleichstellung sind Frauen nach wie vor im MINT-Bereich an deutschen Hochschulen unterrepräsentiert. Was mögen die Gründe dafür sein? Mit den Methoden der Sozialwissenschaften untersuchen Wissenschaftler*innen die Ursachen für diese Geschlechter-Disbalance. So auch Inka Greusing in ihrer Dissertationsschrift, in der sie auf verschiedene immanente Strukturen in unseren Köpfen, in unserem Verhalten und in den Studiengängen hinweist. Dadurch wird klar, dass Maßnahmen zur Veränderung der Situation nach wie vor notwendig sind. Die Analyse von Inka Greusing stellt einen sorgfältig ausgearbeiteten Beitrag für das Forschungsfeld Gender Studies in den MINT-Fächern dar.
Quelle: Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 34 (2019) 5, S 395–399
Inhalt: Why do inequalities persist betweenmale and female scientists, when the causes are well-researched and widely condemned? In part, because equality has many dimensions. Presenting eightdefinitions of gender equality, we show each is important but incomplete. Rigid application of any single equality indicator can therefore have perverse outcomes.
Autor/in:
McKinzie, Ashleigh E.; Richards, Patricia L.
Quelle: sociology compass, 13 (2019) 4, 14 S
Inhalt: The concept of intersectionality has fundamentally changed
feminist theorizing and the study of women and gender.
However, intersectional research, theorizing, and practice
also have been subject to important critiques. This article
provides a brief genealogy of intersectionality and summarizes
major critiques. We recognize value in these critiques
as well as the ongoing power of an intersectional lens. We
therefore advocate what we call “context‐driven
intersectionality,” arguing that attention to the historical,
political, economic, and social factors that shape power relationships
and social structures is critical to conducting
robust intersectional analyses that avoid reification of social
categories and inequalities.