Inhalt: Using the concept of stealth power and a critical realist perspective, this article identifies leadership practices that obscure the centralisation of power, drawing on data from interviews with 25 academic decision-makers in formal leadership positions in HERIs in Ireland, Italy and Turkey.
Its key contribution is the innovative operationalisation of stealth power and the inductive identification of four practices which obscure that centralised power, i.e. rhetorical collegiality, agendacontrol, in-group loyalty and (at a deeper level) the invisibility of gendered power. The purpose of the article is emancipatory: by creating an awareness of these leadership practices, it challenges their persistence.
Schlagwörter:agenda control; centralised power; Führungskultur; Higher Education Research Institutes; in-group loyalty; interviews; invisibility of gendered power; Leadership practices; Machtdynamiken; Machtgefälle; rhetorical collegiality; senior management; senior position holders; stealth power; Universität
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Netzwerke und Organisationen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
‘You must aim high’ - ‘No, I never felt like a woman’: women and men making sense of non-standard trajectories into higher education
Autor/in:
González Ramos, Ana M.; Räthzel, Nora
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 17 S
Inhalt: It is no secret that the ‘glass ceiling’ preventing women advancing to leadership positions exists in academia as well. Spain is no exception. Gender relations are usually investigated independently of other power relations like class and ethnicity. In our sample (80 men and women in different academic institutions across Spain) we found that not only women but also men from working class backgrounds have difficulties making successful academic careers. Therefore, we use an intersectional approach to investigate the relationship between gender and class. Comparing two life-histories, we explore what strategies individuals employ to overcome the barriers with which they are confronted. We present the stories of a woman with a middle class but non-academic background and of a man with a working-class background. Their strategies can be understood as the result of specific individual trajectories under specific societal conditions, but they also illustrate the barriers and possibilities men and women with non-standard backgrounds encounter in academia. Analysing successful strategies as well as their limitations, we aim to provide perspectives that might contribute to changing the culture of hegemonic masculinities in academia.
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Guest Editorial: Gender and Masculinities in Careers and Leadership in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Sagebiel, Felizitas; White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 6 S
Inhalt: This Special Issue, recognising vertical gender segregation in higher education, combines papers focusing on challenges for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in career progression and taking on leadership roles.
Schlagwörter:Führungsposition; Geschlecht; Geschlechtersegregation; Karriereentwicklung; Männlichkeit; MINT
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Are New Career Models for Science Research Emerging?
Autor/in:
White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, S 73–87
Inhalt: This paper explores how the traditional gendered model of science excellence impacts on the careers of women scientists. Using an Australian case study, it then examines the following aspects of science careers: what gives scientists job satisfaction; differing perceptions of how to build science careers; how networks, mobility and mentoring are fundamental to research careers; how gender is often a factor in science research careers; and huge generational change underway that is leading to new career models. The paper argues that these new models have the capacity to change the traditional gendered model of science careers.
Schlagwörter:Akademische Karriere; Arbeitszufriedenheit; career paths in science; Exzellenz; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Gender; Geschlecht; Gleichstellung; Higher Education; Hochschule; Mentoring; Mobilität; Netzwerk; new career models; Österreich; wissenschaftliche Karriere; Wissenschaftskarriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Change and Persistence of Gender Disparities in Academic Careers of Mathematicians and Physicists in Germany
Autor/in:
Langfeldt, Bettina; Mischau, Anina
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: This article discusses whether or not gender-related disparities exist within the academic fields of mathematics and physics regarding the application of career knowledge and the experiences of disadvantage in relation to recognition of performance, assessment of professional competencies, and integration into networks. To answer this question, primary data was collected with a structured online survey addressing graduates in both academic fields (n=5,174). The article considers a subsample of respondents working at a university or university of applied sciences (n=1,613). Apart from the gender perspective, other factors potentially influencing the academic careers of mathematicians and physicists, such as being in a certain subject, age cohort or having children, are also considered. Some of the key findings are: a) more gender differences occur in mathematics than in physics; b) the experiences of disadvantage in the workplace constitute a cross-disciplinary phenomenon caused by the gender differentiating academic culture; and c) more female than male academics in both disciplines accept constraints or abandon career goals due to child care. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Normale Tabelle"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;}
Schlagwörter:academic career; Akademische Karriere; Befragung; career knowledge; Deutschland; Diskriminierung; gender disparities; German higher education system; Geschlechterungleichheit; Hochschule; Hochschulsystem; Karriereplanung; Karriereweg; Leistungsbewertung; mathematics; Mathematik; Netzwerk; physics; Physik; wissenschaftliche Karriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gleichstellungspolitik, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The Performativity of Choice : Postfeminist Perspectives on Work-Life Balance
Autor/in:
Sørensen, Siri Øyslebø
Quelle: Gender, Work & Organization, 24 (2017) 3, S 297–313
Inhalt: A strong emphasis on individual choice is considered to represent a particular neoliberal culture, and choice is claimed to substitute feminism. This article argues that the vocabulary of choice should not be seen only as a representation of a double entanglement of neoliberalism and postfeminism, but rather as a site for entanglement, and further explored as a performative concept. The argument is developed though empirical analysis of media texts on women combining career and motherhood. The metaphor of work–life balance is argued to function as a gendering frame as the particular combination of motherhood and career commitment is construed as conflicting dimensions of a feminine subjectivity. Within the gendered work–life balance framing the vocabulary of choice is performative, producing dichotomies and differences by the looks of individual agency. Thus, choice is not merely ‘covering up power structures’: the vocabulary of choice performs structuring power.
Gesehen werden : Lebenswege und Karrieren von Wissenschaftlerinnen der Aufbaugeneration - ein Beitrag zur feministischen Fachgeschichtsschreibung
Autor/in:
Thiele, Martina
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 33 (2015) Nr. 1, S. 75-89
Inhalt: "Taking a look back in history, or at least, at what is presented to us as history, it becomes apparent that it is a meta-narrative shaped by men, a 'his-story', based on an androcentric worldview. The histories of disciplines such as communication science, too, are for the most part concerned with and told by men. Only infrequently, at the sidelines, do women appear. Besides the question of gender as a consequential social marker there is also the question of generation as a cohesive element. This article deals with the life and work of five of communication science's female academics from Germany and Austria (Herta Herzog, Elisabeth Noelle, Marianne Lunzer, Hertha Sturm, Elisabeth Löckenhoff), who belong to the age cohort of those born between 1910 and 1930. Although these female academics do share some common characteristics with respect to their countries of birth, their professions, their sex and the generation to which they belong, they are different in many ways when it comes to their lives and their career paths - compared to one another and to their (male) colleagues. It is these differences and similarities that I will focus on, before discussing the extent to which it can be useful to examine the historical development of an academic field from a gender perspective." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Berufserfolg von Frauen und Männern im Vergleich : warum entwickelt sich die "Schere" immer noch auseinander?
Titelübersetzung:A comparison of women's and men's professional success : why is the gender gap still widening?
Autor/in:
Abele, Andrea
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 5 (2013) H. 3, S. 41-59
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem geringeren Berufserfolg von Frauen als von Männern und mit Faktoren, die diesen geringeren Berufserfolg erklären könnten. Einführend werden prozess- und strukturtheoretische Ansätze der Berufsverlaufsforschung erläutert und mit Ansätzen aus der Genderforschung verknüpft. Für das Konstrukt Gender wird ein Modell vorgestellt, das zwischen biologischem Geschlecht, Geschlecht als Innenperspektive (Selbstkonzept, Ziele) und Geschlecht als Außenperspektive (Geschlechterstereotype, Geschlecht als soziale Kategorie) unterscheidet. Sodann werden Befunde zur Außenperspektive (Geschlechterstereotype und ihre Auswirkungen), zur Innenperspektive (Bedeutung des Selbstkonzepts und von Zielen) sowie insbesondere zur Wechselwirkung zwischen individuellen und Umweltparametern in ihrer Bedeutung für berufliche Entwicklung referiert. Für eine erfolgreiche berufliche Entwicklung sind ein agentisches Selbstkonzept und hohe Karriereziele bedeutsam, beide sind bei Frauen etwas niedriger ausgeprägt als bei Männern. Darüber hinaus reduziert sich das berufliche Selbstvertrauen von Frauen (hier speziell: Ärztinnen) in der Berufseintrittsphase, während dies bei Männern nicht der Fall ist. Besonders bedeutsam für geschlechtsdifferente Berufsverläufe sind die häufigeren und längeren Berufsunterbrechungen, die bei Frauen mit einer Mutterschaft einhergehen. Bei Frauen ist Elternschaft - vermittelt über reduzierte Arbeitszeiten - karrierehindernd, bei Männern ist Vaterschaft dagegen karrierefördernd. Abschließend werden Möglichkeiten für eine adäquatere Teilhabe von Frauen an beruflichen Führungspositionen angesprochen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article focusses on the lower career success of women compared to men and on factors which might explain this phenomenon. First, theoretical approaches to career development are outlined and linked to approaches from gender research. Then a theoretical model on the construct of gender is outlined. It distinguishes between (biological) sex, gender from an internal perspective (self-concept, goals) and gender from an external perspective (gender stereotypes, gender as a social category). Subsequently, findings on the external perspective (gender stereotypes and their impact on women's career development), the internal perspective (impact of the gender selfconcept and of goals) and, in particular, the interaction between individual and environmental parameters that influence career development are presented. An agentic self-concept and ambitious professional goals are important for successful professional development; both factors are slightly less pronounced in women than in men. In addition, women's - but not men's - professional self-confidence (here specifically female doctors) drops when they enter their profession. Most importantly, women have more breaks in the careers than men and breaks negatively influence career success. Parenthood - being linked to career breaks and reduced working times in women but not in men - is a barrier to career advancement of women, while parenthood tends to boost men's careers. Finally, the authoress discusses outlooks for a more adequate participation of women in high ranking career positions." (author's abstract)