Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 68, S 55-60
Inhalt: An imitation of the literary styles and modes of expression of the great writers in the post-World War II was the criterion of success for any male or female writer. The conventions of T.S. Eliot and W.H. Auden influenced the poetics and thought of the younger generation poets. For example, Adrienne Rich (1929-2012) was an ardent disciple of these conventions in her early career. She was influenced by the phallogocentric discourse of subject formation. She followed this man-made discourse to be accepted within the literary circle as a successful woman writer, but she realized that this discourse didn’t help women in the expression of their female voices. This study explores the failure of the phallogocentric techniques and modes of writing in the expression of Rich's female voice in An Unsaid Word (1951). The study is conducted in the light of Lacanian Symbolic system of identification. The study concludes that Lacanian system of identification was behind the distortions of meanings associated with women and the failure of the symbolic order in the self-expression of Rich's female character in her poem An Unsaid Word.
William Faulkner's "That Evening Sun": multiple views of oppression
Autor/in:
Fakhimi Anbaran, Farough
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 69, S 1-4
Inhalt: People throughout the history have been subject to discrimination from three distinct perspectives of class, race, and gender. Those who were richer used the lower class as a tool in their service to have a comfortable life. The white oppressed the black as the other who was not similar to him in the color of skin. The male dominated the female as she was different in gender lacking the Phallus. The amalgamation of these ideas towards human being has masterly been presented in the story "That Evening Sun", by William Faulkner. The present study, by applying Marxist approach on this story, tends to analyze how human being may be oppressed from different aspects.
Postcolonial children's literature: songs of innocence and experience with reference Tomarina Budhos' Ask me no questions (2007), and Cathryn Clinton's A stone in my hand (2002)
Autor/in:
Elshaikh, Ebtihal Abdelsalam
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 66, S 10-22
Inhalt: The purpose of this paper is to show how psychological trauma resulted from conflicts such as colonialism, immigration, racism, wars and invasion; and even gender discrimination makes its way into postcolonial children's literature. For example, some contemporary writers of children's literature depict the painful experience of young immigrants who are living under constant stress and tension. Others try to depict how the Middle East conflicts and turmoil affect children living under occupation. In all of these cases, children are highly at risk of psychological trauma. This paper is going to discuss two contemporary children's novels which address the issues of immigration and war conflicts: Marina Budhos' Ask Me no questions (2007), and Cathryn Clinton's A Stone in my Hand (2002). They were chosen to reflect not only the variety of children's literature available, but also the unique struggles faced by young female protagonists living in two different cultural and political environments. The common thread running through these two novels is the experience of emotional trauma that young protagonists go through. The study of such trauma is at the core of the discussion of both novels. The paper will show how the protagonists of the two novels suffer "a double or triple trauma for children, who may witness the forcible removal of the parent, suddenly lose their caregiver, and/or abruptly lose their familiar home environment" (McLeigh)
Das hässliche Entlein wird zum Schwan: Liebe, Schönheit und Selbstnarration in Twilight, Fifty Shades of Grey und Jane Eyre
Titelübersetzung:From ugly duckling to (Bella) swan: love, beauty and self-narration in Twilight, Fifty Shades of Grey and Jane Eyre
Autor/in:
Coffey, Judith
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 8 (2016) 2, S 83-98
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag fokussiert auf die Protagonistinnen und zugleich Erzählerinnen von Stephenie Meyers Twilight-Saga und E. L. James' Fifty-Shades-Trilogie und vergleicht sie mit ihrem Prototyp, Jane Eyre aus dem gleichnamigen Roman von Charlotte Brontë. Im Zentrum steht eine Analyse der Selbstbeschreibung von Bella, Ana und Jane als gewöhnlich, unscheinbar und wenig attraktiv. Indem diese Selbstbeschreibung in den Kontext des Gesamttextes - und damit der Liebesgeschichte und ihrer seit dem 19. Jahrhundert etablierten Begehrensökonomie - gestellt wird, kann herausgearbeitet werden, wie die Sichtweise der Erzählerinnen im Text gewichtet und punktuell infrage gestellt wird und wie sich die Protagonistinnen im Laufe der Erzählung in feminine und begehrenswerte Frauen verwandeln. Dadurch kann in den Blick genommen werden, welche spezifische Form weißer bürgerlicher heterosexueller Weiblichkeit in heteronormativen Liebesgeschichten entworfen und bekräftigt wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: This article focuses on the heroines and firstperson narrators in Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight saga and E. L. James's erotic retelling Fifty Shades of Grey. I undertake a comparison with what can be identified as the prototype for these heroines, namely Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre in the eponymous novel. I use the fact that Bella, Ana and Jane describe themselves as ordinary, unremarkable and plain as my point of departure. By locating their selfnarration within the context of the love story, its long-established plot structure and its politics of desire, I aim to show how their view is weighted and questioned, and how the heroines’ transformation into feminine and desirable women is effected in the text. This reading enables me to analyse and criticise the specific form of white heterosexual bourgeois femininity that is produced and reinforced by heteronormative love stories." (author's abstract)
Das schlimmste Glück: die fatale Liebesordnung der Geschlechter im zeitgenössischen Theatertext
Titelübersetzung:The worst kind of happiness: the fatal symbolic order of love and gender in contemporary drama
Autor/in:
Zimmermann, Andrea
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 8 (2016) 1, S 75-90
Inhalt: "Die gegenwärtige Liebesordnung wird in zeitgenössischen Theatertexten meist als (scheiterndes) Anerkennungsverhältnis inszeniert. Der folgende Beitrag geht daher der Frage nach, ob und wie die romantische Liebesordnung Strukturen zur Verfügung stellt, die Anerkennung ermöglichen, oder inwiefern sie aufgrund verschiedener geschlechtlicher Existenzweisen einer möglichen Anerkennung gar im Wege steht. Unter Rückgriff auf feministische Theorien der Intersubjektivität wird mit dem Verhältnis der Mimesis das Modell eines Anerkennungsverhältnisses skizziert, das sowohl die Anerkennung einer gegenseitigen Verwiesenheit als auch die unhintergehbare Differenz der Anderen berücksichtigt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In contemporary drama "love" is predominantly performed as (failing) mutual recognition. This article explores the symbolic order of romantic love, paying attention to its paradoxical potential to either constitute or hinder recognition with special regard to gender relations and their modes of being. Referring to feminist theories, the play of mimesis is presented as an alternative mode of inter-subjectivity that allows for love as a shared state of entanglement with an Other as well as for recognition of the otherness of the other." (author's abstract)
Das Narrativ "natürlicher" Mutterliebe und Mütterlichkeit in Literatur und Film
Titelübersetzung:The narrative of natural motherly love in literature and movies
Autor/in:
Schlicht, Corinna
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 8 (2016) 1, S 108-123
Inhalt: "Im Sinne einer kulturwissenschaftlichen Emotionsforschung, die Affekte und Gefühle auf ihre kulturellen Repräsentationsformen und Bedingungen hin untersucht, wird in historischer Perspektive gezeigt, wie das Narrativ mütterlicher Fürsorge bis heute das kulturelle Verständnis von der Frau formt. Die Analyse eines filmischen (Stephen Daldry The Hours) und eines literarischen Beispiels (Julia Franck Die Mittagsfrau) stellt zwei Werke in den Mittelpunkt, die jeweils eine Doppelperspektive einnehmen, die der Mutter und die des Kindes. Sie gehören zu der Textgruppe, die ein im Weiblichkeitsdiskurs eher tabuisiertes Feld behandeln, nämlich Mütter zu perspektivieren, die ihre Kinder nicht aufopferungsvoll lieben. Sie sind als kritische Reflexionen biologistischer Vorannahmen über scheinbar ąnatürliche' Mütterlichkeit, mit der innerhalb des kulturell verankerten binären Systems gleichzeitig die "Unnatürlichkeit" männlicher Fürsorge impliziert ist, ebenso zu verstehen wie als Infragestellung eines traditionellen Familienbilds, in dem Väter von der Zuständigkeit für das emotionale Kindeswohl eher ausgeschlossen sind, weil diese als genuin weibliche Aufgabe diskursiviert wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article demonstrates from a historical perspective and in terms of cultural studies research into emotions, which examines affects and feelings in terms of their forms of cultural representation and cultural conditions, how the narrative of motherly care has shaped the cultural understanding of women up to the present day. An analysis of one cinematic (Stephen Daldry's "The Hours") and one literary (Julia Franck's "Die Mittagsfrau") example puts the focus on two works which both adopt a double perspective, that of the mother as well as of the child. They belong to the group of texts which deal with a tabooed field in the femininity discourse, that is the perspective of those mothers who do not selflessly love their children. They are to be understood as critical reflections of biologistic presuppositions about apparently "natural" motherliness, which at the same time, within the culturally anchored binary system, implies the "unnaturalness" of masculine care. Moreover, they must be understood as calling into question the traditional family image in which fathers tend to be excluded from responsibility for a child's emotional well-being because that is narrated as a genuinely female task." (author's abstract)
Augmented activism: Interaktionsmodi einer Frauenbewegung
Autor/in:
Näser-Lather, Marion
Quelle: Hamburger Journal für Kulturanthropologie, (2016) 5, S 69-87
Inhalt: Der Beitrag analysiert anhand von teilnehmenden Beobachtungen und Interviews die Rolle des "Augmented Space" für Kommunikation, Interaktionsformen sowie Partizipationsmöglichkeiten von Mitgliedern der italienischen Frauenbewegung "Se Non Ora Quando".
Gauri as woman protagonist in Mulk Raj Anand's novel
Autor/in:
Yadav, Shashi
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 60, S 134-136
Inhalt: Through this novel "Gauri" Mulk Raj Anand expresses his indisputable concern for the suffering humanity of India. It forces one to ask a few questions about the Indian character of woman. We call the woman as "Mother", "Goddess" and claim that our society always been given due respect to women. At the same time, we also beat them ablaze or turn them out of the house. Mulk Raj Anand's novel Gauri eloquently exposes the hypocrisy of our society. It not only voices a strong protest against ill treatment of women but also explores through the example of Gauri what woman in India should do for her emancipation.
Cultural identity in Eugenia Kim's The Calligrapher's Daughter
Autor/in:
Ng, Wen Lee; Wan Yahya, Wan Roselezam; Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 62, S 131-139
Inhalt: Eugenia Kim’s The Calligrapher's Daughter (2009) is a well-received East Asian novel about a Korean Christian, Najin's encounter with western culture. As an aristocratic woman, she is expected to uphold Korean tradition. However, as Najin realises that she is culturally marginalised by her father and the Korean traditional society mainly due to her gender, she picks up a foreign culture introduced to her, western culture. This move is extremely significant because after Najin driven by cultural marginalisation to embrace western culture, her cultural practices are no longer the same with traditional Korean women. This important turn of the novel has not been explored by scholars extensively. Thus, this study aims to depart from the cultural marginalisation faced by Najin. Furthermore, due to the fact that cultural identity formation is highly influenced by culture, there is a need to look into the changes of Najin’s cultural identity as she incorporates western culture into her Korean traditional culture. By investigating the changes of Najin’s cultural identity throughout the novel, this study finds that Najin has transformed from a nameless girl without an identity into an independent woman with the help of western education.
Schlagwörter:Christentum; Literatur; Tradition; Ostasien; Roman; Emanzipation; Marginalität; Western world; culture; woman; kulturelle Identität; emancipation; westliche Welt; cultural identity; literature; Kultur; Christianity; tradition; marginality; Far East; novel; Korea
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The role of culture and society in the development of plot in Tanushree Podder's Escape from Harem and Gita Mehta's A River Sutra: a feminist reading
Autor/in:
Khandhar, Diren Ashok; Mani, Manimangai
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 56, S 44-49
Inhalt: Culture and Society are often the main gist of most novels. These two factors often influence and control the characters, thus helping in the development of the plot. A plot, as defined by Egan (1978), is used to indicate an outline of events and serves as a skeleton in a literary piece. In other words, it is a tool in making sure the main incidents or scenarios are presented in a particular order to establish a clear understanding of what is being written. Culture and society plays the essence in a novel as it constructs these main ideas in engaging the interest of a reader and also extends the intended message of the particular writer. This paper looks into how culture and society helps in developing the plots of the selected novels using the feminist approach. Tanushree Podder's, Escape from Harem (2013) and Gita Mehta's A River Sutra (1993) amazingly are both set in India. Podder and Mehta have inserted the perception society had over women and how male supremacy was glorified in many aspects. The essence of feminist approach was very much present in these two novels. According to Tyson (2006), feminism concerns the ways in which literature undermines the economic, political, social and psychological oppression on women. Though the setting of both novels fall in different eras but the theme of female oppression remains the same. The patriarchal society uses culture and religion as a tool to control women and oppress them. Both authors have shown how the women in the 17th century and in the 20th century face the same kind of judgment from the society and men in general.