Von Gender über Diversity zu Equality Mainstreaming?
Autor/in:
Pimminger, Irene
Quelle: GiP - Gleichstellung in der Praxis, 10 (2014) 4, S 18–22
Inhalt: Seit der Einführung von Gender Mainstreaming in den 1990er Jahren gab es vielfältige Initiativen auf europäischer, nationaler und regionaler Ebene, um die Umsetzung dieser gleichstellungspolitischen Strategie voranzubringen. Von einer nachhaltigen Implementierung ist Gender Mainstreaming jedoch auch heute noch deutlich entfernt.
Im Gegenteil sind an manchen Stellen Stagnation und sogar Rückschritte in der Umsetzung zu verzeichnen. Gleichzeitig gibt es verstärkt Tendenzen, Gender Mainstreaming durch Antidiskriminierungs- oder Diversity-Ansätze abzulösen. Diese Ansätze sind jedoch nicht ohne Weiteres austauschbar und ohne Berücksichtigung ihrer unterschiedlichen Ausrichtung kann ein vermeintlicher Fortschritt leicht zu einem Rückschritt werden. Denn Gender Mainstreaming, Antidiskriminierung und Diversity Management weisen sowohl unterschiedliche Anwendungsbereiche als auch unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen und damit unterschiedliche Reichweiten auf.
Chancengleichheit der Geschlechter? Der Zusammenhang von Geschlecht, Elternschaft und Weiterbildungsteilnahme
Autor/in:
Friebel, Harry
Quelle: DIE Zeitschrift für Erwachsenenbildung, (2014) 2, S 45-48
Inhalt: Der Autor geht der Frage nach, ob die Chancengleichheit der Geschlechter in der Weiterbildungsteilnahme erreicht wurde. Er geht davon aus, dass diese sich nur beantworten lässt, wenn die lebens- und arbeitsweltlichen Kontexte der Menschen als biografische Regulative der Weiterbildungsbeteiligung berücksichtig werden. Als empirische Datengrundlage dient die Längsschnittstudie "Hamburger Biografie- und Lebenslaufpanel" (HBLP), deren Befunde über den Zusammenhang von Geschlecht, Elternschaft und Weiterbildungsteilnahme in der Tradition der Lebenslaufforschung diskutiert werden.
Schlagwörter:Weiterbildung; further education; Bildungsverhalten; education behavior; Bildungsbeteiligung; participation in education; gender-specific factors; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Elternschaft; parenthood; Familienarbeit; family work; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Lebenslauf; life career; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen quartärer Bereich, Berufsbildung, Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
A Genderless Protest: Women Confronting Romanian Communism
Autor/in:
Petrescu, Cristina
Quelle: Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 16 (2014) 2, S 79-101
Inhalt: Far from accomplishing its utopian plans of transforming society, communism did not turn gender equality into a reality either. This paper moves beyond the common-place approaches that simply underline the failures of this political system and presumes that women experienced communism in very diverse and often ambiguous ways, for public and private roles conflicted more often than not. From among the few individuals who dared to articulate critical thoughts on Romanian communism prior to its collapse of 1989, the present paper recuperates the experience of three women. Members of the urban educated elite, they believed nonetheless in different values and pursued different strategies of expressing discontent with the regime. These female critics of the communist system went beyond personal or group interests, but among the issues of public concern they raised none belonged to a feminist agenda. Yet, these women acted as if gender equality was a reality in Ceauşescu’s Romania: they considered themselves the equal partners of like-minded men, while their male peers accepted them as such, for equalitarian perceptions of genders shaped the public roles assumed by non-conformist Romanian intellectuals. The example of these three women does not prove that communism succeeded in redefining the status of women, but it illustrates how the urban educated social group experienced gender relations then. No feminists in thinking, these three women were so in their behavior. Their criticism of Ceauşescu’s communism was genderless, but it nonetheless strengthened the idea that women are no less than men.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Widerstand; resistance; kulturelle Vielfalt; cultural diversity; woman; Dissident; dissident; Kommunismus; communism; sozialer Wandel; social change; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Rumänien; Romania
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Gender differences within the German-language Wikipedia
Titelübersetzung:Les différences entre les sexes au sein du projet Wikipédia en allemand
Autor/in:
Sichler, Almut; Prommer, Elizabeth
Quelle: ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies, 7 (2014) 2, S 77-93
Inhalt: The Wikipedia project constitutes the currently most-used and most comprehensive online encyclopedia in the world (Schneider, 2008, p. 35) and is advertising itself as free and open for everyone, and in terms of an encyclopedia as diverse and balanced at all levels. But from a gender perspective there is a huge discrepancy in sex ratio within Wikipedia’s community. In 2005, researchers at University of Würzburg found that women constitute only 10 % of German-language Wikipedia authors (Schroer&Hertel, 2009, p. 104). This fact leads to the presumption, that Wikipedia’s reflection of the world mediates and interprets a mainly male conception of the world and thus displays an inequality with reference to modern society. Proceeding from the assumption that women and men have different communication behaviours as well as different perceptions and interpretations of communication in almost all aspects of social interaction including e.g. conversational strategies, conflict management and negotiation skills, we hypothesize that these different ways of communication significantly affect the motivation of female Wikipedia contributors.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Kommunikationsverhalten; Geschlechterverhältnis; Wikipedia; Netzgemeinschaft; communication behavior; internet community; Wikipedia; Web 2.0; web 2.0; gender-specific factors
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung
What Students Say About Gender Violence Within Universities
Autor/in:
Vidu, Ana; Schubert, Tinka; Muñoz, Beatriz; Duque, Elena
Quelle: Qualitative Inquiry, 20 (2014) 7, S 883–888
Inhalt: Gender violence in Spanish universities remains a taboo that is in the process of transformation. The first research on this issue was conducted between 2005 and 2008. The main objective was to “break the silence” about violence against women in Spanish academia. To achieve this aim, data collection was conducted through mixed communicative methods. For the interviewees, the context created by this research made it possible for the first time to establish a space to speak openly about this problem, in contrast to the existing context in which aggressors have remained unpunished. The inclusion of students’ voices together with those of administrative staff and professors allowed for the identification of situations of gender violence. This research has had a significant impact on Spanish universities’ policies. Despite some institutional barriers that make the implementation of structural changes more difficult, many offices for equality and protocols against
gender violence have been created.
Schlagwörter:communicative methodology; gender-based violence; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Spain; Spanien; Student; Universität; university
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
“I loved her so much, but I killed her”: Romantic love as a representational frame for intimate partner femicide in three Italian newspapers
Titelübersetzung:"Je l’aimais tellement que je l’ai tuée": L’amour romantique comme cadre de la représentation du fémicide par le parte- naire dans la presse italienne
Autor/in:
Gius, Chiara; Lalli, Pina
Quelle: ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies, 7 (2014) 2, S 53-75
Inhalt: Ce n’est que depuis une trentaine d’années que la loi italienne ne contemple
plus les « crimes d’honneur », c’est-à-dire la reconnaissance de circonstances
atténuantes pour les meurtres commis par les hommes sur leur femme adultère. Pour
comprendre si le changement de la légitimation socio-culturelle dans le sens commun
va de pair avec le changement de la loi, on a donc considéré d’intérêt analyser
dans la presse nationale les récits récents des fémicides, en se focalisant sur ceux
qui ont été commis en 2012. A partir de la littérature scientifique sur ce thème, cet
étude décrit la manière de raconter 53 cas de fémicides engageant la partenaire, dans
166 articles publiés par trois des principaux journaux italiens. En conduisant une
analyse thématique transversale des articles, on a identifié dans l’amour romantique
le cadrage principal par lequel la presse essaye de trouver des explications cernées
comme les plus compréhensibles pour ses lecteurs. Ces sont la perte de contrôle à la
suite de discussions, voire la peur de perdre l’objet d’amour par jalousie ou séparation,
qui résultent les explications les plus souvent invoquées. Ces « causes » apparaissent
contingentes et de pertinence individuelle; de plus, elles ne méritent pas -
dans les articles de presse analysés - l’évocation d’une quelque asymétrie structurelle
d’où il puisse ressortir, par exemple, la mise en question du droit de contrôle
masculin, alors qu’il est souvent montré comme stratégiquement poursuivi et tacitement
censé allant de soi. On relève donc un discours social où la contingence individuelle
d’une « perte de contrôle » descendant de l’amour romantique semble représenter
le fémicide comme un crime qu’on ne peut pas prévenir ni prévoir.
Inhalt: In Italy law has accepted “honour crimes” perpetrated by men until little more than 30 years ago. As cultural dimensions are often slower to change, it is interesting to analyze the capacity to account for femicides in the press in a period in which the topic has become more and more relevant all over Europe. Building on existing literature, this study explores how three major Italian newspapers frame crimes of intimate partner femicide. Using 166 articles published in 2012, the authors examine - by a thematic analysis conducted along different items - which aspects are conveyed by the news to account for the 53 intimate partner femicides reported in the press in this period. Findings suggest that while Italian news media heavily rely on narratives of love and passion to frame intimate partner homicide, a social discourse justifying the “loss of control” it is also used to sustain representation of femicides as crimes impossible to be prevented or predicted.
Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence
Autor/in:
Walby, Sylvia; Towers, Jude; Francis, Brian
Quelle: The Sociological review, 62 (2014) S2, S 187–214
Inhalt: Sociological and criminological views of domestic and gender-based violence generally either dismiss it as not worthy of consideration, or focus on specific groups of offenders and victims (male youth gangs, partner violence victims). In this paper, we take a holistic approach to violence, extending the definition from that commonly in use to encompass domestic violence and sexual violence. We operationalize that definition by using data from the latest sweep of the Crime Survey for England and Wales. By so doing, we identify that violence is currently under-measured and ubiquitous; that it is gendered, and that other forms of violence (family violence, acquaintance violence against women) are equally of concern. We argue that violence studies are an important form of activity for sociologists.
Schlagwörter:gender-based violence; geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt; Gewaltforschung; häusliche Gewalt; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
