What Students Say About Gender Violence Within Universities
Autor/in:
Vidu, Ana; Schubert, Tinka; Muñoz, Beatriz; Duque, Elena
Quelle: Qualitative Inquiry, 20 (2014) 7, S 883–888
Inhalt: Gender violence in Spanish universities remains a taboo that is in the process of transformation. The first research on this issue was conducted between 2005 and 2008. The main objective was to “break the silence” about violence against women in Spanish academia. To achieve this aim, data collection was conducted through mixed communicative methods. For the interviewees, the context created by this research made it possible for the first time to establish a space to speak openly about this problem, in contrast to the existing context in which aggressors have remained unpunished. The inclusion of students’ voices together with those of administrative staff and professors allowed for the identification of situations of gender violence. This research has had a significant impact on Spanish universities’ policies. Despite some institutional barriers that make the implementation of structural changes more difficult, many offices for equality and protocols against
gender violence have been created.
Schlagwörter:communicative methodology; gender-based violence; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Spain; Spanien; Student; Universität; university
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Mainstreaming domestic and gender-based violence into sociology and the criminology of violence
Autor/in:
Walby, Sylvia; Towers, Jude; Francis, Brian
Quelle: The Sociological review, 62 (2014) S2, S 187–214
Inhalt: Sociological and criminological views of domestic and gender-based violence generally either dismiss it as not worthy of consideration, or focus on specific groups of offenders and victims (male youth gangs, partner violence victims). In this paper, we take a holistic approach to violence, extending the definition from that commonly in use to encompass domestic violence and sexual violence. We operationalize that definition by using data from the latest sweep of the Crime Survey for England and Wales. By so doing, we identify that violence is currently under-measured and ubiquitous; that it is gendered, and that other forms of violence (family violence, acquaintance violence against women) are equally of concern. We argue that violence studies are an important form of activity for sociologists.
Schlagwörter:gender-based violence; geschlechtsspezifische Gewalt; Gewaltforschung; häusliche Gewalt; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Reducing the Endorsement of Sexism using experiential Learning: The Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation (WAGES)
Autor/in:
Zawadzki, Matthew J.; Shields, Stephanie A.; Danube, Cinnamon L.; Swim, Janet K.
Quelle: Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38 (2014) 1, S 75–92
Inhalt: In two multipart studies, we tested the effectiveness of an experiential learning-based intervention (Workshop Activity for Gender Equity Simulation–Academic [WAGES-Academic]) to reduce sexism endorsement. We randomly assigned undergraduates to either WAGES (n ¼ 144) or one of two control conditions (n ¼ 268): one where participants received the same information asWAGES but without experiential learning or another that included an experiential group activity but no gender equity information. WAGES participants (vs. both controls) reported less endorsement of sexist beliefs after completing the activity and/or at a follow-up 7–11 days later as measured by the Modern Sexism (Study 1), Neo-sexism (Study 2), Hostile Sexism (Study 2), and Gender-Specific System Justification (Studies 1 and 2) scales. Both studies demonstrated that these effects were attributable to WAGES providing more information, evoking less reactance, eliciting more empathy, and instilling more self-efficacy compared to the other conditions. Results suggest that programs to reduce sexist beliefs will be successful only insofar as they invite access to discussion in such a way that does not elicit defensive denial of the problem, create a context in which participants are readily able to empathize with other, and instill feelings of self-efficacy that one can address the problem.
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellung; Intervention; Lernen; Motivation; Reaktanz; sexism in research; Sexismus; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Widerstand
CEWS Kategorie:Fördermaßnahmen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Institution-Specific Victimization Surveys: Addressing Legal and Practical Disincentives to Gender-Based Violence Reporting on College Campuses
Autor/in:
Cantalupo, Nancy Chi
Quelle: Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 15 (2014) 3, S 227–241
Inhalt: This review brings together both the legal literature and original empirical research regarding the advisability of amending the Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act or creating new Department of Education regulations to mandate that all higher education institutions survey their students approximately every 5 years about students' experiences with sexual violence. Legal research conducted regarding the three relevant federal legal regimes show inconsistent incentives for schools to encourage victim reporting and proactively address sexual violence on campus. Moreover, the original research carried out for this article shows that the experience of institutions that have voluntarily conducted such surveys suggests many benefits not only for students, prospective students, parents, and the general public but also for schools themselves. These experiences confirm the practical viability of a mandated survey by the Department of Education.
Schlagwörter:law; Recht; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt; Student; Survey
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
How do we know if it works? Measuring outcomes in bystander-focused abuse prevention on campuses
Autor/in:
Banyard, Victoria; Moynihan, Mary; Cares, Alison; Warner, Rebecca L.
Quelle: Psychology of Violence, 4 (2014) 1, S 101–115
Inhalt: Objective: To address acknowledged limitations in the effectiveness of sexual and relationship abuse prevention strategies, practitioners have developed new tools that use a bystander framework. Evaluation of bystander-focused prevention requires measures, specific to the bystander approach, that assess changes over time in participants’ attitudes and behaviors. Few measures exist and more psychometric analyses are needed. We present analyses to begin to establish the psychometric properties of four new measures of bystander outcomes and their subscales. Method: We collected data from 948 first-year college students on two campuses in the northeastern United States. Items assessing attitudes and behaviors related to bystander helping responses in college campus communities for situations where there is sexual or relationship abuse risk were factor analyzed. Results: Measures of readiness to help (assessed specifically with scales representing taking action, awareness, and taking responsibility), intent to be an active bystander, self-reported bystander responses, and perceptions of peer norms in support of action all showed adequate reliability and validity. Conclusion: This study represents a next step in the development of tools that can be used by researchers and practitioners seeking both to understand bystander behavior in the context of sexual and relationship abuse and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention tools to address these problems. The measures investigated will be helpful for prevention educators and researchers evaluating the effectiveness of sexual and relationship abuse education tools that use a bystander intervention framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Female hurricanes are deadlier than male hurricanes
Autor/in:
Jung, Kiju; Shavitt, Sharon; Viswanathan, Madhu; Hilbe, Joseph M.
Quelle: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)), (2014)
Inhalt: Do people judge hurricane risks in the context of gender-based expectations? We use more than six decades of death rates from US hurricanes to show that feminine-named hurricanes cause significantly more deaths than do masculine-named hurricanes. Laboratory experiments indicate that this is because hurricane names lead to gender-based expectations about severity and this, in turn, guides respondents' preparedness to take protective action. This finding indicates an unfortunate and unintended consequence of the gendered naming of hurricanes, with important implications for policymakers, media practitioners, and the general public concerning hurricane communication and preparedness.
Geschlechtergerechtigkeit und Geschlechterkonstruktionen : die mediale Darstellung von Frauen in Top-Führungspositionen
Titelübersetzung:Gender equality and gender constructions : media presentation of women in top management positions
Autor/in:
Bührmann, Andrea D.
Quelle: WSI Mitteilungen : Zeitschrift des Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Instituts der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, Jg. 67 (2014) H. 2, S. 97-104
Inhalt: "Seit Beginn der Finanzkrise wird über eine Geschlechterquote für Top-Management-Teams (TMTs) diskutiert. Viele fordern aus Gründen der Gerechtigkeit ('equity case') einen Anstieg des Frauenanteils in TMTs. Andere verweisen auf den 'business case'. Demnach befördere es die ökonomische Entwicklung, wenn mehr Frauen in TMTs gelangten. Denn divers zusammengesetzte Teams steigerten letztlich die Leistungsfähigkeit der Unternehmen. Dabei wird vielfach unterstellt, dass Männer und Frauen Herausforderungen 'anders' wahrnehmen, Entscheidungen 'anders' begründen und aus 'anderen' Motiven handeln. Im Ergebnis ergibt sich die Argumentationslogik, es könnte mehr Geschlechtergerechtigkeit durch die Konstruktion von mehr Geschlechterungleichheit hergestellt werden. Diese Logik wird in dem Artikel rekonstruiert, und ihre Folgen werden diskutiert: In einem ersten Schritt wird zunächst der historische Wandel des Wissens über die Natur der Geschlechter skizziert. Davon ausgehend werden zentrale Befunde einer Diskursanalyse von Zeitschriftenporträts erfolgreicher Top-Managerinnen vorgestellt. In einem dritten Schritt werden die Befunde diskutiert und weiterführende Forschungsfragen formuliert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Since the beginning of the financial crisis the pros and cons of a gender quota in top management teams (TMTs) have increasingly been at the focus of debate. Many demand a quota system for reasons of equity, others point to reasons related to business. According to that argument diversified teams will ultimately improve economic performance. In arguing this way, they imply that men and women perceive challenges 'differently' and that they decide 'differently' because they have 'different' motives. In short, they pursue the logic of increasing gender equity by increasing gender differences. The article starts by reconstructing the historical changes in the understanding of gender differences. Subsequently, the central results of a discourse analysis of successful female top managers are presented und discussed. The final section formulates and proposes further research perspectives." (author's abstract)
Geschlechtertheorie und Gleichstellungspraxis : eine theoretische und eine empirische Perspektive
Titelübersetzung:Theory and practice of gender equality work : a theoretical and a
Autor/in:
Vollmer, Lina; Mosel, Juliane
Quelle: Gender : Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, Jg. 6 (2014) H. 2, S. 102-117
Inhalt: "Seit einigen Jahren finden in der hochschulischen Gleichstellungsarbeit Entwicklungen statt, die als Professionalisierungsprozesse gedeutet werden. Während das traditionelle Professionsverständnis für die Analyse der Gleichstellungsarbeit wenig zielführend ist, bieten dynamische Konzepte der Professionalisierung eine fruchtbare Forschungsperspektive. Zentral für die Professionalisierung ist dabei das an der jeweiligen Wissenschaft eines Tätigkeitsbereichs orientierte Expert-Innenwissen. Mit der zunehmenden Implementierung der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung steht der hochschulischen Gleichstellungsarbeit wissenschaftliches Geschlechterwissen zur Verfügung. Der Transfer dieses Wissens auf die Gleichstellungspraxis stößt allerdings auf Hürden, für deren Überwindung man bessere Kenntnis des Arbeitsalltags und des Bedarfs nach theoretischem Geschlechterwissen von GleichstellungspraktikerInnen braucht. Erste Aufschlüsse hierzu liefern zwei quantitative und qualitative Erhebungen mit Amts- und StelleninhaberInnen der hochschulischen Gleichstellungsarbeit. Diese weisen auf das Vorhandensein eines beachtlichen geschlechtertheoretischen Unterbaus bei den GleichstellungsakteurInnen hin sowie auf eine Bereitschaft, diesen zu nutzen. Die Nutzbarmachung erfolgt bisher allerdings unsystematisch. Hier könnten Anknüpfungspunkte für eine weitere Professionalisierung der Gleichstellungsarbeit liegen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "For several years a professionalization process has been taking place in gender equality politics. This paper discusses the use of sociological concepts in regard to the professionalization of gender equality work in higher education. While the traditional understanding of professions is unrewarding when it comes to an analysis of gender equality work, we refer to dynamic concepts of professionalization. These concepts focus on expert knowledge as a major criterion of professionalization processes. The implementation of gender studies in German universities has the potential to provide scientific expert knowledge for the work of gender quality practitioners. But the transfer of this theoretical knowledge to practical work comes up against many obstacles. Better knowledge about the practitioners' work routines and their demand for theoretical gender knowledge is needed to overcome those obstacles. Two surveys presented in this article - one quantitative, the other qualitative - present first insights into how that theory-practice transfer can be improved. The surveys addressed gender equality practitioners at universities. Results indicate that there are many practitioners who were educated in gender studies and who are willing to use this knowledge for their work although there is as yet no systematic way of doing that. Changing this fact might support the further professionalization of gender equality politics." (author's abstract)