“She Wasn’t Resisting”: Students’ Barriers to Prosocial Intervention as Bystanders to Sexual Assault Risk Situations
Autor/in:
Hoxmeier, Jill; O'Connor, Julia; McMahon, Sarah
Quelle: Violence against women, 25 (2019) 4, S 485–505
Details
Inhalt: The White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault recommends bystander training as part of campus sexual assault prevention efforts. The current study sought to understand salient themes among students’ qualitative responses for why they did not intervene in sexual assault risk situations. In 2014, undergraduate students (N = 9,358) at a large public university completed a web-based survey to assess bystander opportunities and responses for six risk situations. Content coding analysis indicated that students report several unique barriers to intervention. These findings have important implications for bystander training programs, as well as future research on bystander behavior.
Schlagwörter:acceptance; Akzeptanz; bystander interventions; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Intervention; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexualisierte Gewalt an der Hochschule aus Sicht eines männlichen Hochschullehrenden - Handlungsmöglichkeiten zum Schutz
Autor/in:
Herschelmann, Michael
Quelle: Das Hochschulwesen, 67 (2019) 1+2, S 43–48
Details
Inhalt: Wo Menschen zu Arbeit und Studium zusammenkommen, spielt Sexualität in unterschiedlicher Intensität und Sichtbarkeit eine Rolle. Hochschulen unterscheiden sich von anderen Arbeitsstätten nochmal dadurch, dass sie besonders viele, junge Menschen in ihren Lehrveranstaltungen in relativ engem körperlichen Kontakt zusammenführen. Der Umgang miteinander kann problematische Formen annehmen, wobei über die Grenzen, wann ein Verhalten problematisch wurde, lange Zeit angeblich oder tatsächlich Unklarheit bestand. Es hat Jahre gedauert, bis Handlungen auch rechtlich näher fixiert wurden, wobei der Begriff „unerwünschte Handlungen“ in diesen Texten eines der Felder der Deutungen und Missdeutungen als Dilemma aufzeigt. Michael Herschelmann hat mit seinem Artikel Sexualisierte Gewalt an der Hochschule aus Sicht eines männlichen Hochschullehrenden – Handlungsmöglichkeiten zum Schutz (der Betroffenen) die Problematik aufgerollt, Fallzahlen zusammen getragen und Schutzmöglichkeiten und -verpflichtungen dargestellt.
Schlagwörter:AGG; Männlichkeit; masculinity; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Harassment in Dutch academia : Exploring manifestations, facilitating factors, effects and solutions
Autor/in:
Naezer, Marijke; van den Brink, Marieke; Benschop, Yvonne
Quelle: LNVH; , 2019. 52 S
Details
Inhalt: The aim of this study was to start developing knowledge that can contribute to creating an inclusive environment for all academics. Since research has shown that women academics face more barriers during their academic career and are still underrepresented in senior positions (LNVH 2017, Van den Brink and Benschop 2014), this study focused on the experiences of women. This is only a first step, and the report is explicitly meant to be a starting point for more elaborate and extensive research into the topic of harassment in academia – also among men and non-binary academics.
Starting from the experiences of women academics, this study was guided by the following research questions:
1. What practices of harassment can be identified in the stories and narratives of academic women? Is it possible to discern multiple manifestations of harassment?
2. What experiences are reported by whom? Which preliminary patterns can we discern?
3. What structural and cultural characteristics and developments in the academic system facilitate harassment?
4. What are the consequences of harassment for individuals, organisations and science in general?
5. What are promising suggestions for limiting negative consequences and for preventing harassment in academia?
This research provides a qualitative exploration that analyses the “what, why and how” of harassment, rather than its prevalence or other quantitative characteristics.
Schlagwörter:Academia; bullying; harassment; Intervention; Interview; Leadership; Netherlands; qualitative method; Stereotyp; VIOLENCE; women
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
#WeTooInScience : Sexual Harassment in Highe Education Institutions and Research Organizations
Autor/in:
Avveduto, Sveva; Badaloni, Silvana; Hermann, Claudine; et al.
Quelle: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR; 2019. 248 S
Details
Inhalt: This volume presents a series of analyses that range from the presentation
of the cognitive framework from the theoretical point of view, to that of the
(few) data available.
We grouped the themes into four parts
1. What do we know?
2. How to address the problem: solutions
3. How to address the problem: prevention
4. Wider perspectives
The first part with the contributions of Claudine Hermann, Colette
Guillopé, Sylvie Cromer, Ilaria Di Tullio, Francesca Torelli, provides a crosssection
of the state of the analyses carried out in Italy and abroad.
Knowing the terms of the question and the boundaries of the problem is
the preliminary step to find the tools to deal with it and, hopefully, solve it.
What solutions can be envisaged? What can be done? In the second part Ann
Olivarius, Chiara de Fabritiis and Fernie Maas discuss the issues referring to
the different contexts.
The third part deals with the question of possible solutions to the problem
from the prevention side, such as the development of guidelines and
regulations that prevent problems from arising, rather than punish them later.
Lorenza Perini, Laura Chlebos, Agata Sangianantoni, Valeria De Paola, Ingrid
Hunstad, Maria Luisa Chiofalo and Tiziana Metitieri present some of the
possible areas of intervention to avoid repeating episodes that are no longer
tolerable.
The fourth part collects some contributions of selected authors that widen
the perspective between history and discrimination. Mirella Orsi, Anna Lisa
Somma, Sona Grigoryan, Antonella Nappi, Federica De Luca, Mariella Paciello,
Pietro Greco and Monica Zoppè contributed in this final part.
Schlagwörter:awareness; cultural change; discrimination; gender equality policy; Gleichstellungsbeauftragte; harassment; Intervention; Italien; Prävention; prevalence; sexual assault; sexual harassment; university
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Characteristics of precollege sexual violence victimization and associations with sexual violence revictimization during college
Autor/in:
Anderson, Jocelyn C.; Chugani, Carla D.; Jones, Kelley A.; Coulter, Robert W. S.; Chung, Tammy; Miller, Elizabeth
Quelle: Journal of American college health : J of ACH, (2019) , S 1–9
Details
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of precollege sexual victimization (SV) experiences and associations with revictimization and recent substance use behaviors among a sample of college students who reported precollege SV.
PARTICIPANTS
A sub-sample of 931 college students who reported precollege SV at baseline data collection for an ongoing multi-site clinical trial.
METHODS
Data were collected via electronic surveys between September 2015 and March 2017. Measures included precollege and during college SV, recent substance use, and alcohol-related harm reduction behaviors.
RESULTS
Precollege SV characteristics associated with revictimization included: Nonpenile penetration (aOR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19); pressured sex (aOR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.06-2.01); and stranger assault (aOR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.22-3.40). Past 30-day binge drinking was also associated with revictimization (aOR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.36-2.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between precollege SV and alcohol, especially binge drinking, may require a more integrated approach to preventing subsequent revictimization.
Schlagwörter:Alkohol; harm reduction; Schadensbegrenzung; sexual assault
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Applying the Haddon Matrix to evaluate sexual assault interventions on college campuses
Autor/in:
Mahoney, Patricia; Gielen, Andrea C.; Bailey, Maryanne M.; Gabel, Colby
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–8
Details
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
A Haddon Matrix analysis was used to systematically review literature evaluating college campus sexual assault prevention programs to identify research gaps and intervention opportunities.
METHODS
Articles included were published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017; indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, or Scopus; involving English-speaking undergraduate students in the US; with experimental or quasi-experimental design.
RESULTS
All 31 eligible studies evaluated educational programing; all relied on self-report measures; and three-quarters had follow-up periods ≤ 6 months. Significant positive effects were reported by 6 of 10 studies that measured bystander behavior, 6 of 10 that educated potential victims and assessed victimization, and one of four that educated potential perpetrators and measured perpetration.
CONCLUSION
The Haddon Matrix analysis identified the need for interventions that address perpetrators and the post-assault period, as well as studies of the impact of enforcing existing policies and new environmental and situational approaches to sexual assault prevention.
Schlagwörter:campus; Haddon Matrix; Intervention; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The magnitude and potential impact of missing data in a sexual violence campus climate survey
Autor/in:
Giroux, Stacey A.; Gesselman, Amanda N.; Garcia, Justin R.; Luetke, Maya; Rosenberg, Molly
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–9
Details
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
//
OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
Schlagwörter:campus; Nonresponse; sexual assault; sexuelle Belästigung; Student; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Non-binary universities : Vademekum zu geschlechtergerecht(er)en Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Braidt, Andrea B.; Beer, Denise; Schacherl, Ingrid
Quelle: , 2019. 56 S
Details
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Begleiter (»Vademekum«) soll Hochschulen dabei unterstützen, etwaige Diskriminierungen gegenüber nicht-binären Personen zu identifizieren und in der Folge zu beseitigen. Nicht-binäre Personen können oder wollen unter Umständen nicht in die Kategorie »Mann« oder »Frau« passen. Sie identifizieren sich als transgender Personen, als intergeschlechtliche Personen oder als
(inter) Frauen bzw. (inter) Männer. Seit die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention allen Menschen das Recht auf freien Ausdruck der Geschlechtsidentität zugesteht (EMRK Artikel 8), verpflichten sich alle europäischen Staaten, dieses national umzusetzen.
Schlagwörter:binary; Geschlechterbinarität; geschlechtergerechte Organisationsstruktur; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Non-binary universities : Vademekum zu geschlechtergerecht(er)en Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Braidt, Andrea B.; Beer, Denise; Schacherl, Ingrid
Quelle: , 2019. 56 Seiten
Details
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Begleiter (»Vademekum«) soll Hochschulen dabei unterstützen, etwaige Diskriminierungen gegenüber nicht-binären Personen zu identifizieren und in der Folge zu beseitigen. Nicht-binäre Personen können oder wollen unter Umständen nicht in die Kategorie »Mann« oder »Frau« passen. Sie identifizieren sich als transgender Personen, als intergeschlechtliche Personen oder als
(inter) Frauen bzw. (inter) Männer. Seit die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention allen Menschen das Recht auf freien Ausdruck der Geschlechtsidentität zugesteht (EMRK Artikel 8), verpflichten sich alle europäischen Staaten, dieses national umzusetzen.
Schlagwörter:binary; Geschlechterbinarität; geschlechtergerechte Organisationsstruktur; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Hochschulen, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Sexual harassment is rife in US science : Science academies call for cultural shift to fight problem
Autor/in:
Witze, Alexandra
Quelle: Nature, 558 (2018) 21 June 2018, S 352–353
Details
Inhalt: Sexual harassment is pervasive throughout academic science in the United States, driving some talented researchers out of the field and harming others’ careers, finds a report from the US National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Washington DC. The analysis concludes that policies to fight the problem are ineffective because they are set up to protect institutions, not victims — and that universities, funding agencies, scientific societies and other organizations must take stronger action.
“The cumulative effect of sexual harassment is extremely damaging,” says Paula Johnson, president of Wellesley College in Massachusetts and co-chair of the committee that wrote the report. “It’s critical to move beyond the notion of legal compliance to really addressing culture.”
Schlagwörter:#MeToo; Arbeitsklima; bullying; gender-based violence; Hochschulbeschäftigte; Hostility; sexism in research; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Universität; USA
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz