Feminism as Power and Resistance: An Inquiry into Different Forms of Swedish Feminist Resistance and Anti-Genderist Reactions
Autor/in:
Lilja, Mona; Johansson, Evelina
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 82-94
Details
Inhalt: This article explores how resistance and power are intertwined within the field of mainstream Swedish feminism, by analyzing some of its more visible expressions and strategies. These feminist resistance strategies could be described as circulating resistance (e.g., the #metoo campaign), public assemblies, the more subtle “disciplinary resistance”, and state feminism. The article illustrates how these different forms of resistance fuel different reactions from movements that reiterate different discourses of “anti-genderism”. In addition, some forms of feminism (state feminism and feminist disciplinary resistance) sometimes develop into, or overlap with, different technologies of power.
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Sweden; Feminismus; feminism; Gender; gender; Macht; power; Widerstand; resistance; Gender Mainstreaming; gender mainstreaming; anti-genderism; popular assemblies; state feminism
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Intersektionalität und Gouvernementalität: die Regierung von Prostitution in Luxemburg
Autor/in:
Mauer, Heike
Quelle: Opladen (Politik und Geschlecht, 30), 2018. 418 S
Details
Inhalt: Welche Machtlogiken wirken bei der Interpretation von Prostitution als Problem individueller moralischer Führung einerseits und als gesamtgesellschaftliches, politisches Problem andererseits? Die Autorin verbindet zwei Schlüsselkonzepte aktueller politischer und feministischer Theorie - Intersektionalität und Gouvernementalität - mit der historischen Analyse der Problematisierung von Prostitution und ihren Regierungsweisen Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Sie zeigt empirisch auf, dass verschiedene gesellschaftliche Gruppen jeweils spezifisch moralisch regiert wurden und plädiert für ein politisches und prozessorientiertes Verständnis von Intersektionalität, so dass differenzierte Mechanismen der Machtausübung erfassbar werden.
Schlagwörter:Intersektionalität; intersectionality; Luxemburg; Luxembourg; Prostitution; prostitution; gender; Gouvernementalität; governmentality; Dominanz; dominance; Foucault, M.; Foucault, M.; Macht; power; Sexualität; sexuality; Migration; migration; Heterosexualität; heterosexuality; Normativität; normativity; ökonomische Faktoren; microeconomic factors; Geschlechterforschung; gender studies; historische Analyse; historical analysis
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, soziale Probleme
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
"Sweden Has Been Naïve": Nationalism, Protectionism and Securitisation in Response to the Refugee Crisis of 2015
Autor/in:
Ericson, Mathias
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 95-102
Details
Inhalt: Fake news, disinformation campaigns, xenophobia, political resentment, and a general backlash on equality issues mark the current political climate. In this context, the idealism of the Swedish welfare state has gained a specific symbolic value. This article investigates how the idealisation of Sweden as a modern and gender-equal country was articulated as a focal point in the establishment of threat and crisis narratives in the political debate of the refugee crisis of 2015. The article shows how progressive and egalitarian ideals were viewed as outdated and naïve, but at the same time put forward as core values worthy of protection. The title refers to the statement made by the Swedish Prime Minister in 2015 stating that “Sweden has been naïve” and serves as an example of how the myth of Sweden as an exceptionally modern, secular, and equal society was evoked in processes of securitisation, nationalistic protectionism, and normalisation of xenophobia. The article concludes that the articulation of Swedish exceptionalism in the establishment of threat and crisis narratives may reproduce and enhance social inequality and polarisation.
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Sweden; Sozialstaat; social welfare state; Sozialpolitik; social policy; Migrationspolitik; migration policy; Protektionismus; protectionism; Nationalismus; nationalism; Gender; gender; Gleichheit; equality; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; refugee crisis
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialpolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Changing Gender Norms in Islam Between Reason and Revelation
Autor/in:
Bakhshizadeh, Marziyeh
Quelle: Opladen, 2018. 247 S
Details
Inhalt: Women‘s movements in Islamic countries have had a long and arduous journey in their quest for the realization of human rights and genuine equality. The author examines whether discriminatory laws against women do in fact originate from Islam and, ultimately, if there is any interpretation of Islam compatible with gender equality. She investigates women’s rights in Iran since the 1979 Revolution from the perspectives of the main currents of Islamic thought, fundamentalists, reformists, and seculars, using a sociological explanation. The disputes about human reason and its relation to revelation can be traced in various Islamic schools of thought since the eighth century AD. However, the disputes have intensified since the eighteenth century when Muslims faced challenges to their faith and social order, brought about by modernity and enlightenment from the West. There were various reactions within the Islamic world. These reflections produced different interpretations of Islam that can be categorized based on their understanding of how compatible Islamic laws are with a specific time and space; as well as how they define the relationship between human reason and revelation. The three major interpretations of Islam within a spectrum are on the far right fundamentalists, in the middle reformists, and on the far left secularists; each having diverse views on the legitimacy and applicability of all Islamic law in modern times, and consequently having various perspectives on justice and gender equality. Accordingly, the author aims to investigate the different interpretations on Islam to find out which interpretations are compatible with the global norms of justice, and hence in accord to women’s rights and gender equality. In order to analyze the Islamic thought flows through a sociological perspective, a theoretical model is proposed based on theories of sociology of religion (Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann), Structuration theory (Anthony Giddens) and struggles related to universal norms of justice (Nancy Fraser, Axel Honneth, Seyla Benhabib). According to this theoretical model, there is a dialectical relationship between individual and structure. Religion, as a factor of structure, defines a framework of interaction for individual agents in personal and social life. Religion also offers a value and meaning system for human beings. On the other hand, human beings examine the patterns of interaction through 'reflexive monitoring,' and employing human reason and rational explanation. Therefore, human beings do not passively accept all patterns of interaction. In this model of dialectical relationship between individual and structure, justice means providing equal access to political, economic, and cultural resources in society and in the family. On this matter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women provide practical and universal criteria for the protection of human and women's rights, and ensure gender equality in society. Following the theoretical model, the research aims to reconstruct the main interpretations of Islam in three core issues of Islamic law, human reason, and women’s rights considering universal norms of justice.
Schlagwörter:Gender; gender; Islam; Islam; Menschenrechte; human rights; Diskriminierung; discrimination; religiöse Faktoren; religious factors; Gerechtigkeit; justice; Vernunft; reason; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; woman; Iran; Iran
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Details
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Gleichstellung; Säkularisierung; Islam; Populismus; Laizismus; laicism; Islam; Autoritarismus; equal opportunity policy; feminism; Türkei; Turkey; Gleichstellungspolitik; populism; gender; gender policy; Gender; secularization; Geschlechterpolitik; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; coalition; affirmative action; authoritarianism; Koalition; piety; women’s coalitions
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Vida Tranquila: Alternativen zur Entwicklung am Beispiel des Gender-Mainstreaming in Bolivien
Autor/in:
Eguia Huerta, Maria de
Quelle: PERIPHERIE - Politik, Ökonomie, Kultur, 38 (2018) 2, S 290-302
Details
Schlagwörter:way of life; Andenraum; Gender Mainstreaming; gender; Gleichstellung; well-being; Lebensweise; Bolivien; Gender; Entwicklungstheorie; Entwicklungsland; Andean Region; affirmative action; gender mainstreaming; Wohlbefinden; development theory; Bolivia; developing country
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Traps of International Scripts: Making a Case for a Critical Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality in Development
Autor/in:
Roodsaz, Rahil; Van Raemdonck, An
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 16-24
Details
Inhalt: In this article, we look at colonialities of gender and sexuality as concepts employed in international aid and development. These international arenas reveal not only strong reiterations of modernist linear thinking and colonial continuities but also provide insights into the complexities of the implementation and vernacularisation of gender and sexuality in practices of development. Using a critical anthropological perspective, we discuss case studies based on our own research in Egypt and Bangladesh to illustrate the importance of unpacking exclusionary mechanisms of gender and sexuality scripts in the promotion of women’s rights and sexual and reproductive health and rights in postcolonial development contexts. We provide a conceptual analysis of decolonial feminist attempts at moving beyond the mere critique of development to enable a more inclusive conversation in the field of development. To work towards this goal, we argue, a critical anthropological approach proves promising in allowing a politically-sensitive, ethical, and critical engagement with the Other.
Schlagwörter:Kolonialismus; colonialism; Anthropologie; anthropology; Gender; gender; Sexualität; sexuality; internationale Hilfe; international aid; Entwicklungshilfe; development aid; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Postkolonialismus; post-colonialism; Feminismus; feminism; Ägypten; Egypt; Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Nordafrika; North Africa; Südasien; South Asia; critical anthropology; development;
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender and the EU's Support for Security Sector Reform in Fragile Contexts
Autor/in:
Ansorg, Nadine; Haastrup, Toni
Quelle: JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies, 56 (2018) 5, S 1127–1143
Details
Inhalt: How does the European Union (EU) include 'gender' within its support to security sector reform (SSR) programmes? The EU has committed to include gender perspectives by implementing the Women, Peace and Security agenda (WPS) within its foreign security practices. While researchers and practitioners recognise the importance of integrating gender issues into SSR operational effectiveness, there is limited knowledge about how this functions within the EU's security architecture. This article uses Feminist Institutionalism (FI) to understand the process of gender mainstreaming within the EU's support to SSR programmes. It does this by using two crucial theory‐testing cases of SSR programmes - Ukraine and Afghanistan. It finds that the EU's ability to promote gender inclusive approaches to SSR is limited by the structure of the EU's own assumptions and capabilities, and institutional constraints in third countries. At the same time, the cases underscore the importance of individuals as agents of change.
Schlagwörter:EU; EU; Sicherheitssektor; security sector; Reform; reform; Gender; gender; Geschlechterforschung; gender studies; Sicherheitspolitik; security policy; Geschlechterpolitik; gender policy; Feminismus; feminism; Institutionalisierung; institutionalization; Sicherheit; security; Friedenssicherung; peacekeeping; Ukraine; Ukraine; Afghanistan; Afghanistan
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, internationale Beziehungen, Entwicklungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Geschlechterbezogene Verfolgung und ihre Beurteilung in Asylverfahren: die Umsetzung von UNHCR- und EU-Richtlinien am Beispiel von Schweden
Titelübersetzung:Decision-making on gender-related persecution in asylum procedures: implementation of UNHCR guidelines and EU Directives in Sweden
Autor/in:
Schittenhelm, Karin
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 2, S 32-46
Details
Inhalt: Der Beitrag fragt nach dem Umgang mit geschlechterbezogener Verfolgung in Asylverfahren. Die viel diskutierte Frage, inwieweit Lücken der Schutzgewährung durch neue rechtliche Regelungen oder eine gendersensible Umsetzung geltender Bestimmungen zu vermeiden sind, greift er mit einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Analyse auf. Entscheidend ist, wie Rechtsabkommen und Richtlinien, die geschlechterbezogene Verfolgung betreffen, in Asylbehörden zur Anwendung kommen. Mit einer Fallstudie analysiert der Beitrag die Asylbehörde in Schweden, wo bereits früh die UNHCR-Richtlinien zu geschlechterbezogener Verfolgung in die nationale Gesetzgebung überführt wurden. Zudem ist die Behörde dabei, EU-Richtlinien des Flüchtlingsschutzes 'gendersensibel' umzusetzen. Auf der Basis von Dokumenten und qualitativen Interviews wird diskutiert, welche Schritte zur Berücksichtigung von Gender/LGBTI zur Anwendung kommen und wie versucht wird, den Einfluss fragwürdiger Vorstellungen über Schutzsuchende, ihre Herkunftsländer oder ihre Lebensführung zu vermeiden.
Inhalt: The article deals with decision-making on gender-related persecution in asylum procedures. By way of a sociological analysis of the authorities’ practices, it takes up the much-debated question of to what extent gaps in protection can be avoided by way of new legal provisions or the gender-sensitive implementation of applicable provisions. What is crucial is the way in which the asylum authorities implement legal agreements and guidelines on gender-related persecution. By way of a case study, the article analyses Sweden’s asylum authority. Sweden early on integrated the UNHCR’s guidelines on gender-related persecution into its national law. The asylum authority is also currently working on implementing EU Directives for the protection of refugees in a 'gender-sensitive' way. Based on documents and qualitative interviews, the article discusses which steps are being followed to take gender/LGBTI into consideration and what attempts are being made to avoid any dubious ideas about those seeking protection, their country of origin and their way of life having an influence on decisions.
Schlagwörter:Asylverfahren; asylum procedure; gender; sexuelle Orientierung; sexual orientation; Gewalt; violence; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Flüchtling; refugee; Asylrecht; right of asylum; Menschenrechte; human rights; Schweden; Sweden; Geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgung; Flüchtlingsschutz; Gender/LGBTI*
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Geschlecht als Natur und das Ende der Gleichheit: Rechte Angriffe auf Gender als Element autoritärer politischer Konzepte
Titelübersetzung:Gender and Sex as Nature and the End of Equality: Right-wing Attacks on 'Gender' as an Element of Authoritarian Politics
Autor/in:
Mayer, Stefanie; Ajanovic, Edma; Sauer, Birgit
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 27 (2018) 1, S 47-61
Details
Inhalt: Aktuell wird europaweit das gleichstellungspolitisch Erreichte - sei es die (relative) Öffnung der Ehe für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare, der Anspruch von Frauen auf autonome Lebensentscheidungen, die Möglichkeit der Integration von Geschlecht und Sexualität in wissenschaftliche Paradigmen oder die Inklusion von Frauen in patriarchale Sprachmuster - in Frage gestellt. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel Österreichs, dass sich der Hass auf Gleichberechtigung, der Wunsch nach Reetablierung traditioneller hierarchischer und naturalisierter Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie der Wille zur Diffamierung und Diskriminierung jeder Form von Sexualität jenseits heterosexueller Vorstellungen in breitere rechtspopulistische und rechtsextreme Strategien der Naturalisierung sozialer Ungleichheit einfügen. Damit verfügen sie über das Potenzial, diese zu plausibilisieren und zu popularisieren. Der Text macht deutlich, dass im Kampf gegen Geschlechtergleichstellung und gegen die Anerkennung sexueller Differenz ein Kampf um kulturelle Hegemonie sichtbar wird, der sich gegen die sozialen Errungenschaften, gegen Liberalisierungsprojekte und gegen demokratische Kompromisse der 1970er-Jahre wendet und der insbesondere die Idee der 'Gleichheit' als Basis von Demokratie ablehnt.
Inhalt: Equal opportunity policies have achieved a number of milestones in Europe, including the legalization of same-sex marriage, women's right to determine their own lives, the possibility to include gender and sexuality in academic paradigms or the visibility of women in patriarchal language. However, currently these accomplishments are under attack. Taking Austria as an example the article shows that the rejection of equal opportunities, the wish for the re-establishment of traditional, hierarchical and naturalized gender relations and the will to repudiate and discriminate against any form of sexuality other than heterosexuality are part of broader right-wing populist and right-wing extremist strategies, which aim to naturalize social inequality. We show that gender and sexuality related discourses have the potential to render these overarching strategies more plausible and popular. The fight against gender equality and against the acceptance of sexual diversity is analyzed as part of a fight for cultural hegemony. It is a fight that tries to dismantle social achievements, the liberalization of social relations and the democratic compromises of the 1970s, but which most of all objects to the idea of 'equality' as the basis of democracy.
Schlagwörter:Gender; gender; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Geschlechterpolitik; gender policy; Gleichstellungspolitik; equal opportunity policy; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Populismus; populism; politische Rechte; political right; Rassismus; racism; Konservatismus; conservatism; Diskurs; discourse; Österreich; Austria
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz