Exzellent und geschlechtergerecht? : Universitäre Strategien zur gleichstellungspolitischen Einbindung der akademischen Profession
Autor/in:
Erbe, Birgit
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, 42 (2020) 4, S 70–81
Details
Inhalt: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit zwei widersprüchlichen Konzepten über das Verhältnis von Geschlecht und Exzellenz und wie diese auf Universitätsebene verhandelt werden: zum einen dem Ansatz einer „inklusiven Exzellenz“, der aus Sicht der Politik von den Universitäten als Gleichstellungsstrategie verfolgt werden soll, und zum anderen der Annahme, welche von einer Mehrheit in der Wissenschaft vertreten wird, dass die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter dem Ziel wissenschaftlicher Exzellenz entgegenstünde. Anhand dreier Fallstudien deutscher Universitäten zeigt der Artikel, ob und wie es den jeweiligen Hochschulleitungen gelingt, die Hochschullehrenden als akademische Profession für die Verwirklichung gleichstellungspolitischer Ziele zu gewinnen. Dabei wird deutlich, wie sehr der Verhandlungserfolg der Hochschulleitung von externem Gleichstellungsdruck abhängt, wie er durch die Exzellenzinitiative oder die Forschungsorientierten Gleichstellungsstandards der DFG aufgebaut wurde. Der Artikel gibt zugleich Hinweise, wie die gleichstellungspolitische Governance verbessert werden kann.
Schlagwörter:Exzellenz; Fallstudie; Forschungsorientierte Gleichstellungsstandards; Gleichstellungspolitik
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Die Digitalisierung kann die Vereinbarkeit und die Gleichstellung voranbringen - vorausgesetzt, sie wird aktiv gestaltet
Autor/in:
Borioli Sandoz, Valérie
Quelle: Frauenfragen - Questions au féminin, (2020) , S 34–37
Details
Inhalt: Vielen macht die Digitalisierung der Arbeit Angst, denn sie ist unberechenbar. Gleichzeitig bietet sie aber auch Chancen. Wird die Digitalisierung gestaltet und begleitet, kann sie helfen, aktuelle Ungleichheiten zwischen Frauen und Männern zu beseitigen. Die Corona-Krise könnte demnach - als Treiberin der Digitalisierung - einen Beitrag zum Abbau der geschlechterspezifischen Arbeitsteilung leisten.
Schlagwörter:Digitalisierung; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellung; Vereinbarkeit
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender equality regimes and evaluation regimes in Europe and their implications for policy design and evaluation
Autor/in:
Reidl, Sybille; Beranek, Sarah; Holzinger, Florian; Streicher, Jürgen
Quelle: Evaluation and program planning, 83 (2020)
Details
Inhalt: Purpose
This article starts from the assumption that it is important for the evaluation of gender equality interventions in RTDI (Research, Technology Development and Innovation) to consider its context regarding gender equality regime and evaluation culture because this context does influence effects and long term impacts of such activities. It aims to provide key characteristics for the differentiation of gender equality regimes and evaluation regimes to be considered when designing policy interventions or evaluating specific gender equality interventions in RTDI.
Design/methodology/approach
After a literature review of relevant typologies for welfare state and gender equality regimes, it was analysed to which extent the seven EFFORTI countries correspond to certain typologies based on the data basis of the context research performed in the EFFORTI project. For this context research, international/national and qualitative/quantitative data regarding the relevant framework conditions were firstly collected for each of the EFFORTI countries and secondly compared in a cross-country analysis.
Findings
The research showed that when it comes to gender equality policies, most EFFORTI countries can either be assigned to the Social-Democratic category or Conservative Equal Employment Regime category in the typology of von Wahl (2005), with the latter type tending to provide less favourable conditions for women in the general labour market as well as women in RTDI (e.g. overtime culture). In how far these different types of context can have an impact on the evaluation of interventions can be exemplarily illustrated using case studies carried out as part of EFFORTI. Connecting the typologies for gender equality policy with evaluation regimes has not proved fruitful, as the two discourses have only begun to converge in recent years. The evaluation regimes and cultures of the respective countries have therefore been described independently. However, it was shown that countries with more expertise in certain areas (e.g. gender, evaluations) developed more routinized and institutionalised procedures in the respective field.
Originality/value
Considering the different framework conditions is relevant when it comes to evaluation as different national contexts might require different policy and designs of activities, but might also shape the interventions’ effects. This article therefore aims to provide support in this regard for future evaluations of gender policies.
Schlagwörter:evaluation research; gender regime; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Gleichstellungspolitik; Wissenschaft
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Dual-anonymization Yields Promising Results for Reducing Gender Bias : A Naturalistic Field Experiment of Applications for Hubble Space Telescope Time
Autor/in:
Johnson, Stefanie K.; Kirk, Jessica F.
Quelle: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 132 (2020) 1009
Details
Inhalt: Using archival data, we examine the effects of the Hubble Space Telescope Time Allocation Committee (HST TAC)’s decision to adopt a dual- rather than single-anonymous review process. The change involved removing, to varying degrees, information about the Principal Investigator (PI) with the goal of reducing bias against women. Proposals led by female PIs were significantly more likely to be accepted in the five cycles following the changes compared to the 11 cycles using a single-anonymous review system. Taking a closer look at why these changes emerged, we examined data at the reviewer-level in the cycle immediately preceding the change compared to three of the cycles after the change. We found that male reviewers rated female PIs significantly worse than they rated male PIs before, but not after, dual-anonymization was adopted.
Schlagwörter:gender bias; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Peer Review; Personalrekrutierung; Rekrutierung; USA; Wissenschaft
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Context matters: Problematizing the policy‐practice interface in the enactment of gender equality action plans in universities
Autor/in:
Ní Laoire, Caitríona; Linehan, Carol; Archibong, Uduak; Picardi, Ilenia; Udén, Maria
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2020)
Details
Inhalt: This study argues for recognition of the constitutive role of context in shaping the dynamics of the policy‐practice interface in the field of gender equality in universities. Using a comparative and reflective case‐study approach, we draw on our experiences, as action‐researchers, of developing and implementing Gender Equality Action Plans (GEAPs) in four universities in four different European countries and we explore the role of national and local context in the mediation and translation of the GEAP model. Drawing on the concepts of gendered organizations, dialogic organizational change, and policy mobilities, we argue for the need to be critical of approaches to gender equality in higher education (HE) that presume policy measures and good practice models transfer unproblematically to different HE organizations in different international contexts; instead, we draw attention to the contingent ways in which uneven gender relations articulate and manifest in different contexts, shaping possibilities for, and obstacles to, gender equality intervention. Thus, we argue that context plays a crucial constitutive role in the interpretation, enactment, and impact of gender equality policy in HE.
Schlagwörter:action research; case study; gender equality plan; gendered organization; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Gleichstellungsplan; good practice; Hochschule; internationaler Vergleich; Organisational Change; Organisationswandel; translation
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Maneuvering within postfeminism: A study of gender equality practitioners in Danish academia
Autor/in:
Utoft, Ea Høg
Quelle: Gend Work Organ (Gender, Work and Organization), (2020)
Details
Inhalt: In Denmark, gender equality in academia has seen limited progress during the past 30 years. To improve our understanding of this persistent problem, this article examines gender equality practitioners in relation to the wider discursive context of Danish society. Theorizing Denmark as a “postfeminist gender regime,” I analyze how practitioners negotiate a space for action in a context which generally opposes gender equality initiatives. I introduce the notion of “maneuvering” as a way to understand this negotiation between hegemonic, postfeminist discourses, on the one hand, and marginal and potentially subversive discourses on the other. Practitioners may maneuver in how they understand inequality and potential solutions, and in the meetings between them, their work and the postfeminist gender regime. Successful maneuvering enables the use of more radical change strategies than postfeminism otherwise allows. Practitioners' ability to maneuver rests on their critical reflexivity, which in turn is conditioned by their knowledge of gender and power dynamics. The study thus points to the centrality of selecting highly qualified individuals as gender equality practitioners.
Schlagwörter:academia; change agents; Dänemark; Denmark; Diskurs; gender equality; gender regime; Gleichstellungsarbeit; Gleichstellungsbeauftragte; Gleichstellungspolitik; Machtdynamiken; post-feminism; Postfeminismus
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Gleichstellungsbeauftragte, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Diversity and equality in honours and awards programs – steps towards a fair representation of membership
Autor/in:
Holmes, Mary Anne; Myles, LaToya; Schneider, Blair
Quelle: Adv. Geosci. (Advances in Geosciences), 53 (2020) , S 41–51
Details
Inhalt: Honours and awards bestowed by professional societies recognize and reward members who have advanced the goals and values of that society. All too often, however, awards reflect a small network of people who know about the awards and participate in the process. This network works wonderfully for the people lucky enough to be in it, but typically neglects the full range and breadth of scholarship and service within the society. We represent a combined 15+ years' experience on the honours' committee for a large professional society (the American Geophysical Union) and here offer strategies to increase the representation of honourees. Women represented less than 20 % of awardees when we first became committee members in 2008; women represented 50 % of awardees in 2019. There is still much to do to ensure that members from other typically under-represented groups (non-US members, members from under-represented races/ethnicities) are truly represented and honoured for outstanding science and service. We recommend forming canvassing committees that will scour the literature, conferences, and membership lists for appropriate and otherwise overlooked nominees; providing implicit bias training to selection committees; and ensuring selection committees focus on the criteria for the award rather than non-pertinent, often personal, information, as well as additional strategies that allow us to recognize our worthy colleagues.
Schlagwörter:Auswahlverfahren; Awards and Prizes; Berufsverband; gender bias; gender gap; Geschlechteranteil; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Peer Review; Teilhabe
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaftspolitik, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Understanding the Athena SWAN award scheme for gender equality as a complex social intervention in a complex system: analysis of Silver award action plans in a comparative European perspective
Autor/in:
Kalpazidou Schmidt, Evanthia; Ovseiko, Pavel V.; Henderson, Lorna R.; Kiparoglou, Vasiliki
Quelle: Health Research Policy & Systems, 18 (2020) 1, S 1–21
Details
Inhalt: Background: Given the complex mix of structural, cultural and institutional factors that produce barriers for women in science, an equally complex intervention is required to understand and address them. The Athena SWAN Award Scheme for Gender Equality has become a widespread means to address barriers for women's advancement and leadership in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, the United States of America and Canada, while the European Commission is exploring the introduction of a similar award scheme across Europe.
Method. This study analyses the design and implementation of 16 departmental Athena SWAN Silver Action Plans in Medical Sciences at one of the world's leading universities in Oxford, United Kingdom. Data pertaining to the design and implementation of gender equality interventions were extracted from the action plans, analysed thematically, coded using categories from the 2015 Athena SWAN Charter Awards Handbook and synthesised against a typology of gender equality interventions in the European Research Area. The results were further analysed against the complexity research literature framework, where research organisations are perceived as dynamic systems that adapt, interact and co-evolve with other systems.
Results: Athena SWAN is a complex contextually embedded system of action planning within the context of universities. It depends on a multitude of contextual variables that relate in complex, non-linear ways and dynamically adapt to constantly moving targets and new emergent conditions. Athena SWAN Silver Action Plans conform to the key considerations of complexity - (1) multiple actions and areas of intervention with a focus on the complex system being embedded in local dynamics, (2) the non-linearity of interventions and the constantly emerging conditions, and (3) impact in terms of contribution to change, improved conditions to foster change and the increased probability that change can occur.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>To enact effective sustainable structural and cultural change for gender equality, it is necessary to acknowledge and operationalise complexity as a frame of reference. Athena SWAN is the single most comprehensive and systemic gender equality scheme in Europe. It can be further strengthened by promoting the integration of sex and gender analysis in research and education. Gender equality policies in the wider European Research Area can benefit from exploring Athena SWAN's contextually embedded systemic approach to dynamic action planning and inclusive focus on all genders and categories of staff and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Schlagwörter:Athena SWAN; gender equality; gender equality plan; gender equality policy; Implementation; medicine; UK
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz