Gender and Struggles for Equality in Mining Resistance Movements: Performing Critique against Neoliberal Capitalism in Sweden and Greece
Autor/in:
Landén, Angelika Sjöstedt; Fotaki, Marianna
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 25-35
Details
Inhalt: This article explores the intersections of gender and centre–periphery relations and calls for theoretical and political involvement in gendered struggles against colonial and capitalist forces across different national contexts. The article raises questions about the possibility of resisting inequality and exploitation arising from capitalist expansion and extraction of natural resources in Sweden and Greece, outside of urban contexts. It does so by highlighting women’s role in protest movements in peripheral places and questioning power relations between centre and periphery. The article also argues that making visible women’s struggles and contributions to protest movements brings about vital knowledge for realizing democratic worlds that do not thrive on the destruction of natural resources and the institutionalization of inequalities.
Schlagwörter:Griechenland; Greece; Schweden; Sweden; Neoliberalismus; neoliberalism; Kapitalismus; capitalism; Ungleichheit; inequality; Protest; protest; gender-specific factors; Zentrum-Peripherie; center-periphery; ländlicher Raum; rural area; Bergbau; mining; Protestbewegung; protest movement; woman; Engagement; involvement; activism; extractivism
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Same Fertility Ideals as in the Country of Origin? A Study of the Personal Ideal Family Size among Immigrant Women in Italy
Autor/in:
Mussino, Eleonora; Ortensi, Livia Elisa
Quelle: Comparative Population Studies - Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 43 (2018) , S 243-274
Details
Inhalt: The role of the personal ideal family size for international migrants has rarely been studied in the current debate on fertility and migration in the European context. It is not known to which extent the reduction of fertility observed among immigrants who settle in a country where fertility is lower than in their country of origin is the result of a change in fertility norms among those immigrants. The study of migrants' ideals family size has the potential to shed light on fertility norms without the interference of economic conditions and migration-related disruptive phenomena. Due to the complexity of its migration context, Italy is an interesting destination country for studying changes in migrants' ideal family sizes. This paper uses data from the survey of the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) on immigrant families conducted in 2011-12. We compare the personal ideal family size of women of reproductive age with the prevalent norm in their country of origin, applying a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results show that the country of origin has an important role in the determination of immigrants’ ideal family sizes. Women from countries where large families are the ideal are more likely to show a lower personal ideal family size compared to their non-migrant co-nationals, while women from countries where two children are considered ideal mostly share the same norm. The occurrence of fertility preferences expressed in a non-numeric form (e.g. "Up to God") changes between women with different countries of origin. This study confirms that conformity with the ideal of the country of origin is more likely among women who migrated as adults. At the same time, the number of years spent in the destination country is not significantly associated with a shift away from the norms prevalent in the country of origin. Finally, female empowerment and gender equity show their effects mainly on the reduction of non-numeric responses.
Schlagwörter:Migrant; migrant; woman; Italien; Italy; Fruchtbarkeit; fertility; Kinderzahl; number of children; generatives Verhalten; reproductive behavior; Familiengröße; family size; Norm; standard; Tradition; tradition; Herkunftsland; country of origin; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; Ideal number of children; Fertility; Migrants; Italy; Gender Norms
SSOAR Kategorie:Bevölkerung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A New Service Class in the Public Sector? The Role of Femonationalism in Unemployment Policies
Autor/in:
Mulinari, Paula
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 36-47
Details
Inhalt: This article aims to explore the content embedded in the figuration of ‘foreign-born unemployed women’ and how discourses of gender equality are used to create an emerging racialised service class within the Swedish public sector. Influenced by the concept of femonationalism, the article explores how the introduction of the Extra Services unemployment reforms facilitates the creation of a service class whose purpose is to make it possible for the regular workforce to continue to function despite cutbacks and the neoliberal management of professional care work in the public sector. The study identifies a shift in the discourse, where, while migrant women continue to be represented as victims in public discourses concerning unemployment, they are also represented as being lazy and unwilling to work, qualities that legitimate the need for more repressive interventions towards the group, often described as feminist interventions that will rescue migrant women and their children.
Schlagwörter:Migrant; migrant; woman; Arbeitslosigkeit; unemployment; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; labor market policy; Integration; integration; gender-specific factors; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Rassismus; racism; Schweden; Sweden; femonationalim; gender equality
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktpolitik, Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Details
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Gleichstellung; Säkularisierung; Islam; Populismus; Laizismus; laicism; Islam; Autoritarismus; equal opportunity policy; feminism; Türkei; Turkey; Gleichstellungspolitik; populism; gender; gender policy; Gender; secularization; Geschlechterpolitik; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; coalition; affirmative action; authoritarianism; Koalition; piety; women’s coalitions
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
When the Personal Is Always Political: Norwegian Muslims' Arguments for Women's Rights
Autor/in:
Helseth, Hannah
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 59-66
Details
Inhalt: For almost two decades, the public debate about Islam in Western Europe has been dominated by concerns about the lack of gender equality in the racialized Muslim population. There has been a tendency to victimize "the Muslim woman" rather than to encourage Muslim women’s participation in the public debate about their lives. This contribution to the study of discourses on Muslim women is an analysis of arguments written by Muslims about women’s rights. The data consists of 239 texts written by self-defined Muslims in major Norwegian newspapers about women’s rights. I will discuss two findings from the study. The first is an appeal to be personal when discussing issues of domestic violence and racism is combined with an implicit and explicit demand to represent all Muslims in order to get published in newspapers - which creates an ethno-religious threshold for participation in the public debate. The second finding is that, across different positions and different religious affiliations, from conservative to nearly secular, and across the timeline, from 2000 to 2012, there is a dominant understanding of women's rights as individual autonomy. These findings will be discussed from different theoretical perspectives to explore how arguments for individual autonomy can both challenge and amplify neoliberal agendas.
Schlagwörter:Arendt, H.; Arendt, H.; Feminismus; feminism; Individualismus; individualism; Neoliberalismus; neoliberalism; Islam; Islam; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Menschenrechte; human rights; woman; Muslim; Muslim; Europa; Europe; Norwegen; Norway; Brown, W.; public debate; traditional media; women’s rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Solidarity in Head-Scarf and Pussy Bow Blouse: Reflections on Feminist Activism and Knowledge Production
Autor/in:
Gemzöe, Lena
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 67-81
Details
Inhalt: The author of this article discusses the ways in which gender equality and intersectionality are understood and enacted in two recent feminist campaigns in Sweden that use similar techniques to mobilise support for different causes. The first campaign is the so-called Hijab Call-to-Action, a solidarity action that took place in 2013 in which women in Sweden wore a hijab (the Muslim headscarf) for one day in defence of Muslim women’s rights. This campaign manifests the ways in which the notion of gender equality brings with it a norm of secularity, but also how the equation of equality and secularity is contested. The second feminist campaign discussed is the so-called Pussy Bow Blouse manifestation that aimed at taking a stand in the controversies surrounding the Swedish Academy as a result of the Metoo campaign in Sweden. The author looks at the political and discursive processes enfolded in these campaigns as a sort of collective learning processes that connect feminist activism and scholarship. A key concern is to critically analyse a binary model of powerless versus gender-equal or feminist women that figure in both debates. Further, the author shows that both campaigns appeal to solidarity through identification, but at the same time underscore the contingent and coalitional nature of identity in the act of dressing in a scarf or a blouse to take on a (political) identity for a day.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Muslim; Muslim; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Religion; religion; Säkularisierung; secularization; Solidarität; solidarity; woman; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; politische Identität; political identity; Metoo campaign; headscarf; pussy bow blouse
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Traps of International Scripts: Making a Case for a Critical Anthropology of Gender and Sexuality in Development
Autor/in:
Roodsaz, Rahil; Van Raemdonck, An
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 16-24
Details
Inhalt: In this article, we look at colonialities of gender and sexuality as concepts employed in international aid and development. These international arenas reveal not only strong reiterations of modernist linear thinking and colonial continuities but also provide insights into the complexities of the implementation and vernacularisation of gender and sexuality in practices of development. Using a critical anthropological perspective, we discuss case studies based on our own research in Egypt and Bangladesh to illustrate the importance of unpacking exclusionary mechanisms of gender and sexuality scripts in the promotion of women’s rights and sexual and reproductive health and rights in postcolonial development contexts. We provide a conceptual analysis of decolonial feminist attempts at moving beyond the mere critique of development to enable a more inclusive conversation in the field of development. To work towards this goal, we argue, a critical anthropological approach proves promising in allowing a politically-sensitive, ethical, and critical engagement with the Other.
Schlagwörter:Kolonialismus; colonialism; Anthropologie; anthropology; Gender; gender; Sexualität; sexuality; internationale Hilfe; international aid; Entwicklungshilfe; development aid; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Postkolonialismus; post-colonialism; Feminismus; feminism; Ägypten; Egypt; Bangladesch; Bangladesh; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Nordafrika; North Africa; Südasien; South Asia; critical anthropology; development;
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
"Being beaten like a drum": Gewalt, Humanitarismus und Resilienz von Frauen in Flüchtlingslagern
Titelübersetzung:"Being beaten like a drum": violence, humanitarianism and resilience of women in refugee camps
Autor/in:
Krause, Ulrike; Schmidt, Hannah
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 2, S 47-62
Details
Inhalt: In diesem Artikel analysieren wir Gewalt gegen, humanitären Schutz für und Bewältigungsstrategien von Frauen in Flüchtlingslagern anhand empirischer Forschung in Uganda. Auf Grundlage unserer Analysen argumentieren wir, dass Frauen in Lagern häufig sexueller und genderbasierter Gewalt ausgesetzt sind, obwohl humanitäre Organisationen Maßnahmen ergreifen, um sie zu unterstützen und zu schützen. Eine kritische Bewertung dieser Maßnahmen zeigt, dass Frauen meist durch Vulnerabilität definiert werden, wodurch ihr Handlungsvermögen vernachlässigt wird. Hingegen belegt die soziale Realität, dass Frauen diverse Strategien ergreifen, um Herausforderungen zu bewältigen und zu ihrem eigenen Schutz beizutragen.
Inhalt: In this article, we explore violence against women as well as their humanitarian protection and coping strategies in refugee camps based on empirical research conducted in Uganda. We argue that women often face sexual and gender-based violence in camps despite the measures humanitarian organizations take to support and protect them. A critical assessment of these measures reveals that women are mostly defined by vulnerabilities, which deprives them of agency. However, in stark contrast to vulnerability ascriptions, social reality shows that women use diverse strategies to cope with the challenges they face and to protect themselves.
Schlagwörter:woman; Flüchtling; refugee; Notunterkunft; emergency shelter; Gewalt; violence; sexueller Missbrauch; sexual abuse; Resilienz; resilience; Flüchtlingsrecht; refugee law; gender-specific factors; Uganda; Uganda; Ostafrika; East Africa; Flüchtlingslager; sexuelle und genderbasierte Gewalt; humanitärer Flüchtlingsschutz; refugee camps; sexual and gender-based violence; humanitarian refugee protection
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Female bodies adrift: violation of the female bodies in becoming a subject in the western media
Autor/in:
Parikka, Tuija
Quelle: Media and Communication, 6 (2018) 2, S 158-167
Details
Inhalt: This article focuses on how the violation of female bodies in the case of mass harassment of women is rendered intelligible by the Western media and the refugees. Violation of female bodies is approached as a site for politicizing possibilities of becoming a subject in the Western media. Informed by Deleuzian notion of "becoming" and the subjectivation of the refugees, I argue that the understanding of "violation" is a central component in contributing to possibilities of becoming affirmed as a subject in the Western media. Empirical material subjected to critical text analysis includes a key text form the Finnish daily newspaper Helsingin Sanomat and refugee interviews. The analysis suggests that the repression of irreducible conceptions of "violation", and the subsequent erasure of the uncertainty of a "self" in the process of becoming, yields to offering possibilities of becoming primarily in Western terms and the affirmation of Western ideological certainty in understanding mass harassment of European women by the refugees.
Schlagwörter:westliche Welt; Western world; Medien; media; woman; Körper; body; Subjektivität; subjectivity; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; Flüchtling; refugee; Rechtsverletzung; violation of the law
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Kommunikationswissenschaften, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kriminalsoziologie, Rechtssoziologie, Kriminologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Employment and education-occupation mismatches of immigrants and their children in the netherlands: comparisons with the native majority group
Autor/in:
Khoudja, Yassine
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 3, S 119-141
Details
Inhalt: This study examines the labor market integration of immigrants and their children in the Netherlands focusing on employment and over- and underqualification. Using data from the first wave of the Netherlands Longitudinal Life-Course Study (NELLS), the analysis shows disadvantages in employment probabilities for men and women from different foreign origin groups compared to the Dutch majority even after accounting for differences in human capital. Ethnic differences in employment probabilities are lower, but still visible, when comparing only respondents who obtained post-secondary education in the Netherlands. Further, first-generation immigrant men from Turkey and Morocco are at higher risk of being overeducated than Dutch majority men whereas this is not the case for second generation men and first- and secondgeneration minority women. Substantial ethnic difference in the likelihood of being undereducated are not prevalent. Having a foreign compared to a Dutch degree is related to lower labor market outcomes, but this negative relation is more pronounced for women than for men. Finally, there is some indication that overeducation is somewhat less common in the public sector than in the private sector, but minorities do not benefit more from this than the Dutch majority.
Schlagwörter:Niederlande; Netherlands; Einwanderung; immigration; Migrant; migrant; Integration; integration; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Qualifikationsniveau; level of qualification; Überqualifikation; over qualification; öffentlicher Sektor; public sector; Ethnizität; ethnicity; Erwerbsarbeit; gainful work; Humankapital; human capital; Mann; man; woman; erste Generation; first generation; zweite Generation; second generation
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Migration, Wirtschaftssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz