Prevention of violence against women and girls : Mainstreaming in development programmes
Herausgeber/in:
Bradley, Tamsin; Gruber, Janet
Quelle: London: Routledge, 2021.
Details
Inhalt: „Prevention of Violence Against Women and Girls argues that women and girls are vulnerable across all areas of society, and that therefore a commitment to end violence against women and girls needs to be embedded into all development programmes, regardless of sectorial focus. This book presents an innovative framework for sensitisation and action across development programmes, based on emerging best practices and lessons learnt, and illustrated through a number of country contexts and a range of programmes. Overall, it argues that SDG 5 can only be achieved with a systematic model for mainstreaming an end to violence against women and girls, no matter what the priorities of the particular development programme might be. Demonstrating how the approach can be applied across contexts, the authors explore cases from the energy sector, health and humanitarian intervention, and from countries as varied as South Sudan, Myanmar, Rwanda, Nepal, and Kenya. Drawing on nearly three decades of experience working on gender, health, and violence against women programmes as both practitioners and academics, the authors present key lessons which can be used by students, researchers, and practitioners alike.“
Schlagwörter:development programm; gender based violence; humanitarian intervention
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Undoing the 'Nordic Paradox': Factors affecting rates of disclosed violence against women across the EU
Autor/in:
Humbert, Anne Laure; Strid, Sofia; Hearn, Jeff; Balkmar, Dag
Quelle: PLoS ONE, 16 (2021) 5
Details
Inhalt: Measuring violence against women raises methodological questions, as well as the wider question of how to understand violence and locate it in relation to a societal context. This is all the more relevant given that measurement of violence against women in the EU has made an interesting phenomenon apparent, the so-called 'Nordic Paradox', whereby prevalence is higher in more gender equal countries. This article examines this phenomenon by exploring a range of factors-methodological, demographic and societal-to contextualise disclosed levels of violence. The analysis makes use of a multilevel analytic approach to take into account how macro and micro levels contribute to the prevalence of violence. The intercepts are then used to illustrate how taking these into account might provide an alternative ranking of levels of violence against women in EU countries. The results show that the 'Nordic Paradox' disappears-and can be undone-when factors at individual and country levels are considered. We conclude that the 'Nordic Paradox' cannot be understood independently from a wider pattern of violence in society, and should be seen as connected and co-constituted in specific formations, domains or regimes of violence. Our results show that the use of multi-level models can provide new insights into the factors that may be related to disclosed prevalence of violence against women. This can generate a better understanding of how violence against women functions as a system, and in turn inform better policy responses.
Schlagwörter:adult; European Union; female; humans; intimate partner violence; male; prevalence; questionnaire; Risk Factor
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Der universitäre Umgang mit sexualisierter Diskriminierung und Gewalt. Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Autor/in:
Schüz, Hannah-Sophie; Pantelmann, Heike; Wälty, Tanja; Lawrenz, Nina
Quelle: Open Gender Journal, 5 (2021) , S 1–18
Details
Inhalt: Sexualisierte Belästigung, Diskriminierung und Gewalt ist ein Problem, das in allen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen zu finden ist. Dem entgegen werden Universitäten oftmals als Orte verstanden, die scheinbar frei davon wären. Der Artikel zeigt, inwieweit die Tabuisierung und Normalisierung von sexualisierter Gewalt im Hochschulkontext seit langem bestehen und thematisiert den ambivalenten Umgang der Universitäten mit dem Thema. Durch eine Bestandsaufnahme, basierend auf einer Auswertung der Internetpräsenzen der Universitäten in Deutschland sowie auf Telefoninterviews, wird die rechtliche und institutionelle Verankerung des universitären Umgangs mit dem Thema aufgezeigt und diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse sollen dazu beitragen, universitäre Akteur*innen sowie Frames, unter denen das Thema behandelt wird, zu identifizieren. Auf dieser Grundlage können perspektivisch Handlungsstrategien entwickeln werden, wie an Hochschulen sexualisierte Gewalt besser adressiert und bekämpft werden kann.
Schlagwörter:discrimination; gender equality policy; gender relation; Geschlechterverhältnis; Gleichstellungspolitik; sexualisierte Diskriminierung; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexualized violence; university
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Sexual and sexist harassment in Spanish universities: policy implementation and resistances against gender equality measures
Autor/in:
Lombardo, Emanuela; Bustelo, Maria
Quelle: Journal of Gender Studies, (2021) , S 1–15
Details
Inhalt: The legal mandate to mainstream gender equality in Spain’s universities has led to the establishment of gender equality units and the adoption of gender equality policy plans and protocols against sexual harassment. This research looks at how gender equality policies have been implemented within universities and what resisting and facilitating factors have hindered and promoted their implementation. These questions are addressed by studying the implementation of the ‘Protocol against sexual and sexist harassment’ at the biggest public Spanish university, Madrid Complutense University. Through a combination of content analysis, interviews, and a survey involving the university community, we show how the implementation of university policies against sexual harassment is dependent on a combination of factors against (obstacles/resistances) and in favour (opportunities/alliances). These factors include the form of institutionalization that gender equality took within the university, the existing formal and informal institutions, inertial resistances, and prevailing ideas about gender equality. We argue that implementation of the protocol was impeded by the scant awareness of the prevalence of harassment in daily university life, and the concomitant acceptance, by the academic community, of the phenomenon as a ‘normal’ practice.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; Gleichstellungsplan; Hochschule; Normalisierung; normalization; Sexismus; sexuelle Belästigung; Spanien
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Organisational characteristics that facilitate gender-based violence and harassment in higher education?
Autor/in:
O'Connor, Pat; Hodgins, Margaret; Woods, Dorian; et al.
Quelle: Administrative Sciences, 11 (2021) 138
Details
Inhalt: Gender-based violence and sexual harassment (GBVH) by and towards academics and students has been under-theorised at an organisational level in higher education institutions (HEIs). The methodology involves a critical review of the literature on GBVH and organizational responses to it, locating it in the context of an analysis of organizational power. The theoretical perspective involves a focus on power and workplace bullying. It identifies three power-related characteristics of academic environments which it is suggested facilitate GBVH: their male-dominant hierarchical character; their neoliberal managerialist ethos and gender/intersectional incompetent leadership which perpetuates male entitlement and toxic masculinities. These characteristics also inhibit tackling GBVH by depicting it as an individual problem, encouraging informal coping and militating against the prosecution of perpetrators. Initiating a discussion and action at organizational and state levels about GBVH as a power-related phenomenon, challenging the dominant neo-liberal ethos and the hierarchical character of HEIs, as well as reducing their male dominance and increasing the gender competence of those in positions of power are seen as initial steps in tackling the problem.
Schlagwörter:competence; GBV; harassment; intersectional research; male domination; neoliberal university; Organisation; power
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Preventing Sexual Violence Through Bystander Intervention: Attitudes, Behaviors, Missed Opportunities, and Barriers to Intervention Among Australian University Students
Autor/in:
Kania, Rachel; Cale, Jesse
Quelle: Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36 (2021) 5-6, S 2816–2840
Details
Inhalt: The concept of bystander intervention is gaining popularity in universities as a mechanism to prevent sexual violence. Prior research has focused on correlates of bystanders' intentions to intervene and intervention behaviors in situations where there is a risk of sexual violence. The current study builds on this literature by exploring the nature of missed opportunities, including perceived barriers to intervention. In all, 380 Australian undergraduate university students completed an online survey. Measures included a rape myth acceptance scale, bystander intentions to intervene, actual intervention behaviors, missed opportunities for intervention, and perceived barriers for missed opportunities. Promisingly, students reported high levels of intentions to intervene in situations where there was a risk of sexual violence and reported relatively few missed opportunities to do so when these situations did occur. Intervention behaviors varied by important demographic characteristics such as gender, age, attitudes toward sexual violence, and the nature of the situation. Younger female students, with lower levels of rape myth acceptance, who had previously engaged in bystander intervention behaviors were more likely to report intentions to intervene in future risky situations, and female international students reported fewer missed opportunities for intervention. The most common barrier to intervention for identified missed opportunities was a failure to recognize situations as having a potential risk for sexual violence, and students were most likely to intervene in situations when the opportunity to help a friend in distress arose. This study provides some preliminary empirical evidence about bystander intervention against sexual violence among Australian university students, and identifies unique contexts for intervention and what current barriers to intervention may be.
Schlagwörter:Australia; barriers; bystander intervention; Intervention; sexual assault; university
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Seeking campus justice: challenging the ‘criminal justice drift’ in United Kingdom university responses to student sexual violence and misconduct
Autor/in:
COWAN, SHARON; MUNRO, VANESSA E.
Quelle: J. Law Soc. (Journal of Law and Society), 48 (2021) 3, S 308–333
Details
Inhalt: In recent years, growing concerns have been expressed – including in the press and social media – over the apparently inadequate responses of many United Kingdom (UK) universities to complaints of student sexual violence and misconduct (SSVM). In this article, we underscore universities’ legal, ethical, and civic responsibilities to students, which require them to implement effective regimes for the prevention and sanctioning of such behaviour. We suggest, however, that currentresponses are moving in the wrong direction. More specifically, universities are too often turning (back) towards adversarial and procedural paradigms, developed within the criminal justice system, where the persistence of a ‘justice gap’ in cases of rape and sexualassault has been well documented. We argue that this ‘criminal justice drift’ may frustrate the possibility for more tailored, transformative, and trauma-informed processes for addressing SSVM within higher education institutions.
Schlagwörter:criminal justice; legislation; Policy; Procedural factors; responsibility; sexual abuse; sexual harassment; student; UK; university
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Oxford Understanding Relationships, Sex, Power, Abuse and Consent Experiences (OUR SPACE) cross-sectional survey: a study protocol
Autor/in:
Steele, Bridget; Degli Esposti, Michelle; Mandeville, Pete; Hamnett, Gillian; Nye, Elizabeth; Humphreys, David K.
Quelle: BMJ Open, 11 (2021) 11
Details
Inhalt: INTRODUCTION
Sexual violence among higher education students is a public health concern, threatening the general safety of students, often with significant physical and mental health implications for victims. Establishing the prevalence estimates of sexual violence at higher education institutions (HEIs) is essential for designing and resourcing responses to sexual violence, including monitoring the effectiveness of prevention initiatives and institutional programmes. Yet, to date, there have been no rigorous studies assessing prevalence of sexual violence at HEIs in the UK.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Informed by guidance from Universities UK, the University of Oxford administration and the related student advocacy groups working within the University, Oxford Understanding Relationships, Sex, Power, Abuse and Consent Experiences is a cross-sectional survey of all undergraduate and graduate students over the age of 18 enrolled at the University of Oxford, UK. The survey design uses a complete sampling approach and measures adapted from previous campus climate surveys in the USA as well as the Sexual Experiences Survey (USA). The analysis will estimate the prevalence of sexual harassment and sexual violence perpetration and victimisation, and will examine whether ethnicity, gender identity, and sexual orientation are associated with these primary outcomes.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
Ethical approval was obtained by the Social Sciences and Humanities Interdivisional Research Ethics Committee at the University of Oxford which is a subcommittee of the Central University Research Ethics Committee (ref no.: R73805/RE001). The research team will disseminate findings through peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations. A report cowritten by authors and stakeholders will be shared with Oxford University students.
Schlagwörter:data collection; empirical research; England; prevalence; sexual assault; sexuelle Gewalt; student; Studierende; survey; UK; Umfrage; undergraduate; university
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Healing after Gender-Based Violence Scale (GBV-Heal): An Instrument to Measure Recovery Progress in Women-Identifying Survivors
Autor/in:
Sinko, Laura; Schaitkin, Chris; Saint Arnault, Denise
Quelle: Global qualitative nursing research, 8 (2021) , S 1–13
Details
Inhalt: Current literature has primarily equated gender-based violence recovery with an improvement of physical or mental health symptoms, causing a gap in our understanding of the impact of interventions beyond the amelioration of adverse symptomology. The purpose of this research was to create an instrument to holistically measure gender-based violence recovery based on survivor healing goals. Ethnographic interviews were conducted in women-identifying gender-based violence survivors (ages 18-76) to determine healing domains and develop items using survivor language (n = 56). Focus groups with academic and community experts (n = 12) and cognitive interviews with gender-based violence survivors (n = 12) were conducted to ensure content and face validity, as well as to evaluate acceptability. This yielded a 31-item instrument to measure healing progress on a 5-point Likert scale. The Healing after Gender-based Violence Scale has the potential to highlight survivor strength and growth while more accurately measuring their recovery process based on survivor goals and desires.
Schlagwörter:domestic violence; healing; instrument development; measurement; Midwest United States; recovery; scale; sexual assault; survey; survivor experience; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Methodological manual for the EU survey on gender-based violence against women and other forms of inter-personal violence (EU-GBV) : 2021 edition - Manuals and Guidelines
Autor/in:
Eurostat
Quelle: Eurostat; Luxembourg, 2021. 694 S
Details
Inhalt: The ambitions of the European Commission’s work on gender equality are set out in the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025(1). One of the key prerequisites in achieving a gender-equal Europe is preventing and combating all forms of violence against women and girls, supporting and protecting victims of such crimes, and holding perpetrators accountable for their abusive behaviour. The strategy emphasizes that gender-based violence – that is, violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman or that affects women disproportionately(2) – is still one of our societies’ biggest challenges and is deeply rooted in gender inequality(3).
The EU and its Member States are committed to achieving their objective and working towards ending genderbased violence through legislation and practical measures to uphold victims’ rights(4). A range of EU directives and other instruments are already in place requiring that the Member States establish minimum standards on crime victims’ rights and on support and protection, ensure compensation to crime victims, prohibit sex-based harassment, and establish systems for mutual recognition of protection measures in civil and criminal matters. Regrettably, enforcement of these issues is still limited, and violence remains under-reported(5). To develop efficient and effective policy and legal responses to end gender-based violence, accurate data are necessary. Thus, the Gender Equality Strategy for 2020-2025 calls for comprehensive, updated and comparable data for policies on combating gender-based violence. To obtain a complete picture of gender-based violence, data should be disaggregated by relevant intersectional aspects and indicators such as age, disability status, migrant status and rural/urban residence. The Council of Europe’s Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, known as the Istanbul Convention(6) also underlined the importance of relevant statistics. The Istanbul Convention states, ‘For the purpose of implementation of this Convention, Parties shall undertake to collect disaggregated relevant statistical data … [and] … shall endeavour to conduct populationbased surveys at regular intervals to assess the prevalence of and trends in all forms of violence covered by the scope of this Convention’.
To respond to these needs, Eurostat has developed, with national statistical institutes (NSIs), a sound survey methodology and harmonised questionnaire for a EU-wide survey that will provide comparable data across Europe on the prevalence and dynamics of violence against women and other forms of inter-personal violence (EU-GBV). The EU-GBV survey questionnaire and methodology are now ready and described in this methodological manual.
Schlagwörter:Fragebogen; GBV; gender-based violence; questionnaire; sexual abuse; Statistics; survey; Umfragenmethodik
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht