Gender Differences in STEM Persistence after Graduation
Autor/in:
Delaney, Judith; Devereux, Paul J.
Quelle: economica, 89 (2022) 356, S 862–883
Details
Inhalt: Much attention is focused on finding ways to encourage females to study STEM in school and college but what actually happens once women complete a STEM degree? We use the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey to trace out gender differences in STEM persistence over the career. We find a continuous process whereby women are more likely to exit STEM than men. Among holders of STEM undergraduate degrees, women are more likely to obtain a non- STEM master's degree. Then, after entering the labour market, there is a gradual outflow of females during the first 15 years post-graduation so that females are about 20 percentage points less likely to work in STEM compared to their male counterparts. Conditional on leaving STEM, we find that females are more likely to enter the education and health sectors while males are more likely to enter the more lucrative business sector and that this can partly explain the gender pay gap for STEM graduates. Overall, our results suggest that policies that aim to increase the proportion of females studying STEM in school and college may have less effect than expected due to the lower attachment of females to STEM after graduation. Such policies may need to be augmented with efforts to tackle the greater propensity of females to exit STEM throughout the career.
Schlagwörter:education; female; female scientist; female underrepresentation; gender differences; gender pay gap; Geschlechterunterschied; health; labor market; STEM
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender-diverse teams produce more novel and higher-impact scientific ideas
Autor/in:
Yang, Yang; Tian, Tanya Y.; Woodruff, Teresa K.; Jones, Benjamin F.; Uzzi, Brian
Quelle: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS)), 119 (2022) 36
Details
Inhalt: Science's changing demographics raise new questions about research team diversity and research outcomes. We study mixed-gender research teams, examining 6.6 million papers published across the medical sciences since 2000 and establishing several core findings. First, the fraction of publications by mixed-gender teams has grown rapidly, yet mixed-gender teams continue to be underrepresented compared to the expectations of a null model. Second, despite their underrepresentation, the publications of mixed-gender teams are substantially more novel and impactful than the publications of same-gender teams of equivalent size. Third, the greater the gender balance on a team, the better the team scores on these performance measures. Fourth, these patterns generalize across medical subfields. Finally, the novelty and impact advantages seen with mixed-gender teams persist when considering numerous controls and potential related features, including fixed effects for the individual researchers, team structures, and network positioning, suggesting that a team's gender balance is an underrecognized yet powerful correlate of novel and impactful scientific discoveries.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Bibliometrie; gemischte Teams; gender balance; Innovation; medicine; Medizin; network analysis; publication; scientific performance
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
From Activism to Organizing, From Caring to Care Work
Autor/in:
Kahn, Seth; Lynch-Biniek, Amy
Quelle: Labor Studies Journal, 47 (2022) 3, S 320–344
Details
Inhalt: U.S. higher ed exploits precarity (the intersection of racism, misogyny, ableism, heteronormativity, classism, and job status) to position campus equity work as both essential and dangerous, inclusive and individual. Often left to the faculty who are already most threatened and “activists” who join out of “passion,” successes happen, laudably given the hegemonic regimes that call for the work and then threaten people who do it. Recasting equity efforts as care-work, that is, fundamental aspects of our labor as faculty, and recasting activism as organizing clarifies the labor of solidarity-building. Winning this argument helps constitute equity work as both a professional practice (i.e., mutually supported) and a mutual professional responsibility.
Schlagwörter:academic labor market; activism; care work; Diversity; equity; inclusion; Organisation; Professionalisierung; professionalization
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Choosing to stay? Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer people and the war in Ukraine
Autor/in:
Shevtsova, Maryna
Quelle: European Journal of Politics and Gender, (2022) , S 1–3
Details
Schlagwörter:gay; lesbian woman; LGBTQ; LGBTQ+; militarisation; queer; trans; war
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Representation of Women in Slovak Science and Research: An Analysis Based on the CRIS System Data
Autor/in:
Zendulková, Danica; Gavurníková, Gabriela; Krivjanska, Anna; Staňáková, Zuzana; Putalová, Andrea; Janková, Mária
Quelle: Information (2078-2489), 13 (2022) 10, 482-N.PAG
Details
Inhalt: The article presents an intention to examine the possibilities of processing data on the representation of women in science and research from data collected in Slovakia as part of the Gender Equality Plan. The methodology follows the declared intention and consists of three steps. The first step is the identification of sources of sex-disaggregated data from the field of science and research in the Slovak Republic. Then follows the examination of the state of the art of tracking data in the identified data sources. The analysis of available data and the processing of the results is the next step. The share of women in Slovak science and research is demonstrated by the composition of project teams and by the statistical data of the supplementary statistical survey of research and development potential, which are collected through the national information system for research, development, and innovation, named SK CRIS. The result is a detailed analysis of the position of women in Slovak science and research, classified by research area and academic career stage. Based on the research conducted and the results achieved, we underline the importance of building national information systems in science and research. Data from these systems can significantly contribute to the creation and parameterization of science policy, including the principles of gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Schlagwörter:gender equality plan; gender monitoring; representation; Slowakei
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Statistik und statistische Daten, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Who is publishing journal articles during graduate school? Racial and gender inequalities in biological sciences over time
Autor/in:
Roksa, Josipa; Wang, Yapeng; Feldon, David; Ericson, Matthew
Quelle: Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 15 (2022) 1, S 47–57
Details
Inhalt: Despite increased enrolment of women and students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in doctoral programs, notable inequalities in academic careers persist. We investigate one potential source of these inequalities: publication rates during graduate school. Results, based on a sample of doctoral students in biological sciences across 53 institutions, indicate that both white women and students from underrepresented racial/ethnic groups (African American and Latinx) have lower publication rates than white men. Notably, these gaps grow over time and are not explained by background factors, socialization experiences, or family obligations. The same patterns persist for first-authored publications for African American and Latinx students, but not white women, suggesting potentially differential mechanisms of exclusion. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Schlagwörter:Biologie; biology; doctoral student; gender bias; Promovierende; publication; Publikation; racial bias
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Potenzial nicht ausgeschöpft : Internationale Mobilität von Wissenschaftlerinnen
Autor/in:
Löther, Andrea; Freund, Frederike
Quelle: Forschung & Lehre, (2022) 9, S 700–701
Details
Schlagwörter:Antragserfolg; dual career couple; Exzellenz; Forschungsförderung; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; Gleichstellungspolitik; internationale akademische Mobilität; Mobilität; Wissenschaftler*in
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Identifying gender disparities in research performance: the importance of comparing apples with apples
Autor/in:
Nygaard, Lynn P.; Aksnes, Dag W.; Piro, Fredrik Niclas
Quelle: High Educ (Higher Education), 84 (2022) 5, S 1127–1142
Details
Inhalt: Many studies on research productivity and performance suggest that men consistently outperform women. However, women and men are spread unevenly throughout the academy both horizontally (e.g., by scientific field) and vertically (e.g., by academic position), suggesting that aggregate numbers (comparing all men with all women) may reflect the different publication practices in different corners of the academy rather than gender per se. We use Norwegian bibliometric data to examine how the “what” (which publication practices are measured) and the “who” (how the population sample is disaggregated) matter in assessing apparent gender differences among academics in Norway. We investigate four clusters of indicators related to publication volume, publication type, authorship, and impact or quality (12 indicators in total) and explore how disaggregating the population by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level. For most (but not all) indicators, we find that gender differences disappear or are strongly reduced after disaggregation. This suggests a composition effect, whereby apparent gender differences in productivity can to a considerable degree be ascribed to the composition of the group examined and the different publication practices common to specific groups. We argue that aggregate figures can exaggerate some gender disparities while obscuring others. Our study illustrates the situated nature of research productivity and the importance of comparing men and women within similar academic positions or scientific fields—of comparing apples with apples—when using bibliometric indicators to identify gender disparities in research productivity.
Schlagwörter:bibliometric analysis; Bibliometrie; discipline; gender differences; Geschlechterunterschied; Norway; Norwegen; performance; publication pattern; research productivity
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
University, neoliberalism and hegemonic bodies: narratives of international students in Chile
Autor/in:
Martinez, César Augusto Ferrari
Quelle: Gender and Education, (2022) , S 1–15
Details
Inhalt: This article investigates the production of neoliberal subjectivities in Latin American international students in Chilean universities. In last years, Chile have registered plenty political uprisings regarding its economic, social and gender inequalities. The premise is that Chile is a country where Neoliberalism is rooted not only in the form of political and economic guidelines, but as rationality. It proposes that these forms of thought-action reinforce typically male success stereotypes, dismissing bodies challenged of non-hegemonic paths. Narrative interviews with doctoral students in Chile are used to describe how the topic of academic excellence sustained by the Chilean neoliberal university market materializes differently in each body. Students report the interpellation of success discourses affecting their bodies and relating their nationhood, gender and sexualities experiences to feelings of diminishment, loneliness, discrimination, etc. I argue that the presence of neoliberal rationalities in the Chilean university favours the exercise of sexist practices, naturalized as market practices, and impose normative adjustments on the gender and sexuality performance of students.
Schlagwörter:Chile; Erfolg; excellence; Exzellenz; gender inequality; gender relation; Geschlechterverhältnis; higher education; Hochschule; internationalisation; Internationalisierung; Interview; Männlichkeit; neoliberal university; neoliberale Hochschule; sexist attitude; social inequality
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Examining the gendered timescapes of higher education: reflections through letter writing as feminist praxis
Autor/in:
Burke, Penny Jane; Gyamera, Gifty Oforiwaa
Quelle: Gender and Education, (2022) , S 1–15
Details
Inhalt: This article examines the significance of neoliberalism in re/shaping the gendered timescapes of higher education in Ghana through its intersection with patriarchal forces. It draws from a project aiming to create non-hierarchical, co-mentoring spaces in which participants collaboratively generate feminist analyses. Letter-writing was identified as a form of feminist praxis and an auto/biographical method to access the multidimensional inequalities women navigated in their careers. Opening counter-hegemonic time–space and providing feminist conceptual resources, the women explored their aspirations, experiences, and subjectivities. In Ghana, women are attempting to balance the accelerated temporalities of neoliberal higher education, as productive subjects, with the explicit demands of patriarchy, which construct them primarily in reproductive terms as wives and mothers. Our collective reflections illustrate that intersecting forces are at play that impact women’s higher education careers in unpredictable and contradictory ways.
Schlagwörter:academic career; gender inequality; Ghana; higher education; Mentoring; neoliberal university; neoliberale Hochschule; neoliberalism; patriarchy; time allocations
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz