Women's Coalitions beyond the Laicism-Islamism Divide in Turkey: Towards an Inclusive Struggle for Gender Equality?
Autor/in:
Çağatay, Selin
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 48-58
Details
Inhalt: In the 2010s in Turkey, the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) authoritarian-populist turn accompanied the institutionalization of political Islam. As laicism was discredited and labeled as an imposed-from-above principle of Western/Kemalist modernity, the notion of equality ceased to inform the state’s gender policies. In response to AKP's attempts to redefine gender relations through the notions of complementarity and fıtrat (purpose of creation), women across the political spectrum have mobilized for an understanding of gender equality that transcends the laicism - Islamism divide yet maintains secularity as its constitutive principle. Analyzing three recent attempts of women's coalition-building, this article shows that, first, gender equality activists in the 2010s are renegotiating the border between secularity and piety towards more inclusive understandings of gender equality; and second, that struggles against AKP’s gender politics are fragmented due to different configurations of gender equality and secularity that reflect class and ethnic antagonisms in Turkish society. The article thereby argues for the need to move beyond binary approaches to secularism and religion that have so far dominated the scholarly analysis of women’s activism in both Turkey and the Nordic context.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Gleichstellung; Säkularisierung; Islam; Populismus; Laizismus; laicism; Islam; Autoritarismus; equal opportunity policy; feminism; Türkei; Turkey; Gleichstellungspolitik; populism; gender; gender policy; Gender; secularization; Geschlechterpolitik; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; coalition; affirmative action; authoritarianism; Koalition; piety; women’s coalitions
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender Equality and Beyond: At the Crossroads of Neoliberalism, Anti-Gender Movements, "European" Values, and Normative Reiterations in the Nordic Model
Autor/in:
Nygren, Katarina Giritli; Mulinari, Diana; Martinsson, Lena
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 1-7
Details
Inhalt: The social-democratic-inspired “Nordic model”, with its agenda for gender equality, has been an important example for the development of political interventions to transform society but at the same time, it has been functioning as an emerging gender normalising and stabilising structure. The last decade it has also become focused by antigender movements and ethno-nationalistic parties both as emblematic for the Nordic nations as well as a threat that must be destroyed to save the nation. This issue will elaborate further on gender equality as a node, a floating signifier in powerful and often contradictory discourses situating the discussions within the tradition of scholarships of hope through a dialogue about articles that search for realistic utopias that might be considered to be “beyond gender equality”. The included articles engage with the messiness and crossroads of gender equality in relation to the work-line, territories, neo-liberalism, religion, the crisis of solidarity and the success of anti-genderism agenda.
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellung; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Geschlechterpolitik; gender policy; Neoliberalismus; neoliberalism; Rassismus; racism; Feminismus; feminism; Diskurs; discourse; Schweden; Sweden; anti-genderism; gender equality
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
When the Personal Is Always Political: Norwegian Muslims' Arguments for Women's Rights
Autor/in:
Helseth, Hannah
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 59-66
Details
Inhalt: For almost two decades, the public debate about Islam in Western Europe has been dominated by concerns about the lack of gender equality in the racialized Muslim population. There has been a tendency to victimize "the Muslim woman" rather than to encourage Muslim women’s participation in the public debate about their lives. This contribution to the study of discourses on Muslim women is an analysis of arguments written by Muslims about women’s rights. The data consists of 239 texts written by self-defined Muslims in major Norwegian newspapers about women’s rights. I will discuss two findings from the study. The first is an appeal to be personal when discussing issues of domestic violence and racism is combined with an implicit and explicit demand to represent all Muslims in order to get published in newspapers - which creates an ethno-religious threshold for participation in the public debate. The second finding is that, across different positions and different religious affiliations, from conservative to nearly secular, and across the timeline, from 2000 to 2012, there is a dominant understanding of women's rights as individual autonomy. These findings will be discussed from different theoretical perspectives to explore how arguments for individual autonomy can both challenge and amplify neoliberal agendas.
Schlagwörter:Arendt, H.; Arendt, H.; Feminismus; feminism; Individualismus; individualism; Neoliberalismus; neoliberalism; Islam; Islam; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Menschenrechte; human rights; woman; Muslim; Muslim; Europa; Europe; Norwegen; Norway; Brown, W.; public debate; traditional media; women’s rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Basic Income: The Potential for Gendered Empowerment?
Autor/in:
Duvander, Ann-Zofie; Koslowski, Alison
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 8-15
Details
Inhalt: Basic income is likely to gain momentum as the next social welfare trend to sweep over the world with ideas of how to improve the fairness and efficiency of distributing money. Other earlier movements with similar ambitions to transform societies, ranging across the political spectrum from socialism to neo-liberalism, have led to very different consequences for strata of citizens, but have in common that they have de-prioritised gender equality in favour of other interests. Advocates of basic income suggest that in addition to pragmatic gains, such as a more efficient state administration, primarily a basic income will empower citizens, leading to the potential for greater human flourishing. Our question is whether this empowerment will be gendered and if so, how? So far, the basic income debate addresses gender only in so far as it would raise the income of the poorest, of whom a larger proportion are women. However, it is less clear how it might contribute to a transformation of gendered behaviour, making possible divergent shapes of life where binary and set notions of gender are not a restriction. We discuss the idea of basic income from a perspective of gender equality in the Swedish context.
Schlagwörter:Grundsicherung; basic income; Empowerment; empowerment; Feminismus; feminism; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Elternurlaub; parental leave; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; gender-specific factors; Schweden; Sweden; EU; EU; parental leave; universal worker model
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, soziale Sicherung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Vida Tranquila: Alternativen zur Entwicklung am Beispiel des Gender-Mainstreaming in Bolivien
Autor/in:
Eguia Huerta, Maria de
Quelle: PERIPHERIE - Politik, Ökonomie, Kultur, 38 (2018) 2, S 290-302
Details
Schlagwörter:way of life; Andenraum; Gender Mainstreaming; gender; Gleichstellung; well-being; Lebensweise; Bolivien; Gender; Entwicklungstheorie; Entwicklungsland; Andean Region; affirmative action; gender mainstreaming; Wohlbefinden; development theory; Bolivia; developing country
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Solidarity in Head-Scarf and Pussy Bow Blouse: Reflections on Feminist Activism and Knowledge Production
Autor/in:
Gemzöe, Lena
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 67-81
Details
Inhalt: The author of this article discusses the ways in which gender equality and intersectionality are understood and enacted in two recent feminist campaigns in Sweden that use similar techniques to mobilise support for different causes. The first campaign is the so-called Hijab Call-to-Action, a solidarity action that took place in 2013 in which women in Sweden wore a hijab (the Muslim headscarf) for one day in defence of Muslim women’s rights. This campaign manifests the ways in which the notion of gender equality brings with it a norm of secularity, but also how the equation of equality and secularity is contested. The second feminist campaign discussed is the so-called Pussy Bow Blouse manifestation that aimed at taking a stand in the controversies surrounding the Swedish Academy as a result of the Metoo campaign in Sweden. The author looks at the political and discursive processes enfolded in these campaigns as a sort of collective learning processes that connect feminist activism and scholarship. A key concern is to critically analyse a binary model of powerless versus gender-equal or feminist women that figure in both debates. Further, the author shows that both campaigns appeal to solidarity through identification, but at the same time underscore the contingent and coalitional nature of identity in the act of dressing in a scarf or a blouse to take on a (political) identity for a day.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Muslim; Muslim; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gleichberechtigung; equality of rights; Religion; religion; Säkularisierung; secularization; Solidarität; solidarity; woman; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; politische Identität; political identity; Metoo campaign; headscarf; pussy bow blouse
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Regierungsbildung in Deutschland und Geschlechtergleichstellung: Jamaika versus GroKo-III - Oder die nicht so erstaunlichen Ähnlichkeiten zweier Sondierungsrunden
Autor/in:
Rouault, Sophie
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 27 (2018) 1, S 117-121
Details
Schlagwörter:Federal Republic of Germany; Regierungsbildung; formation of a government; Koalitionsbildung; coalition formation; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Geschlechterpolitik; gender policy; Gleichstellungspolitik; equal opportunity policy
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Les quotas: levier ou frein au déroulement des carrières des femmes? Analyse suite à une enquête préliminaire dans le cas de l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche en France dans le domaine de l'informatique
Autor/in:
Favre, Cécile; Tain, Laurence
Quelle: Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 2018 (2018) 2, S 37-54
Details
Inhalt: This paper presents the preliminary results of a qualitative survey on the implementation of quotas policies, in the context of higher education and research in France, in the field of computer science specifically. Beyond the theoretical controversy over quotas, it is a question of diving into the heart of an environment that we can describe as specific (and of which we will draw some of the specificities), to collect the experience, the words of women, who are computer scientists in the academic environment, in relation to quotas. The main idea is to question the quotas implementation in order to study in which sense these quotas can indeed lead to more professional equality, but also to study the context in which they can slow down this professional equality.
Schlagwörter:Gender; gender; university; gender-specific factors; Quote; quota; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Frankreich; France; gender quotas; higher education; computer science
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Geschlechterverhältnisse und die Macht des Autoritären
Titelübersetzung:Gender relations and the power of authoritarianism
Autor/in:
Graf, Patricia; Schneider, Silke; Wilde, Gabriele
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 1, S 70-87
Details
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Renaissance autoritärer Diskurse und Praxen und fragt nach den Effekten für die Einschreibung geschlechtlicher Machtverhältnisse in die politischen Gesellschaften. Ausgehend von einer Kritik an bestehenden aktuellen Konzepten der Rechtspopulismus- und Autokratieforschung, welche den Fokus vor allem auf staatliche Herrschaftsinstitutionen, Regierungsapparate und politische Entscheidungsprozesse richten, plädieren die Autorinnen für ein gesellschaftstheoretisch erweitertes feministisches Analysekonzept. Kern bildet ein Verständnis des Autoritären als ein Handlungsprogramm, das universalistische Werte der Gleichstellung und Gerechtigkeit aufgreift und diese als Instrumente für Diskriminierung und Ausbeutung in der Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher Diskursen und Praxen umdeutet. Wie liberale Positionen und Argumente für die Diskriminierung und Ungleichbehandlung von Frauen in Zusammenhang mit einer Politisierung kultureller und ethnischer Konfliktlinien genutzt werden, zeigt der Beitrag exemplarisch an zwei unterschiedlichen Fallbeispielen. So wird zum einen am Beispiel des vorläufigen Parteiprogramms der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) die Konstruktion autoritärer Geschlechterdiskurse in Verbindung mit einem wertkonservativen Familienbild analysiert. Im Vergleich dazu wird am Beispiel der Transitionsgesellschaft Chiles gezeigt, über welche Praxen die Normalisierung autoritärer Diskurse erfolgt und zivilgesellschaftliche Frauenorganisationen für demokratische Öffnungs- und Schließungsprozesse instrumentalisiert werden." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Focusing on the current renaissance of authoritarian discourses and practices we analyze the effects of gendered power relations in society. We base our analysis on a critique of current research on right wing populism and autocracy research, which focuses primarily on state dominated institutions, official government apparatuses and political decision-making processes. In contrary, we take up a bottom-up perspective and advocate a concept of feminist analysis that is rooted in a broader concept of civil society, analyzing gender relations as societal power structures from a non-essentialist governmentality and post-structuralist perspective. The core is an understanding of authoritarian as a program of action that takes up universalist values of equality and justice and reinterprets them as instruments for discrimination and exploitation in linking different discourses and practices. Based on two case studies we show how liberal positions and arguments for the discrimination and inequality of women are used in the context of the politicization of cultural and ethnic conflict lines. Using example of the provisional program of the alternative for Germany (AfD) we analyze the construction of authoritarian gender discourses in connection with a value-conservative family. The example of the transitional society of Chile shows how the normalization of authoritarian discourse takes place and how civil society women’s organizations are instrumentalized for democratic opening and closing processes." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Macht; power; gender-specific factors; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gerechtigkeit; justice; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Gender Mainstreaming; gender mainstreaming; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Rollenverständnis; role conception; Diskurs; discourse
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Ein- und Ausschlüsse durch Arbeits- und Sozialpolitik: das Normalarbeitsverhältnis als vergeschlechtlichtes Macht und Herrschaftsverhältnis
Titelübersetzung:In- and exclusion processes through labour market and social policy: theorizing power and dominance in the standard employment relationship
Autor/in:
Lepperhoff, Julia; Scheele, Alexandra
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 1, S 88-102
Details
Inhalt: "Ausgehend von der hohen Bedeutung von Erwerbsarbeit als Medium der Vergesellschaftung wird in dem Beitrag das sogenannte Normalarbeitsverhältnis, das Normalität und Norm von Erwerbsarbeit in Deutschland abbildet, problematisiert. Mit Bezug auf drei unterschiedliche feministische Machtkonzeptionen wird diese arbeits- und sozialpolitisch zentrale Institution als Macht- und Herrschaftsverhältnis theoretisiert und gezeigt, dass diese den Ausschluss von Frauen geradezu voraussetzt, Geschlechterungleichheiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und in der sozialen Sicherung zementiert und damit in letzter Konsequenz ein Wandel in den Geschlechterverhältnissen und eine egalitäre gesellschaftliche Teilhabe von Frauen und Männern verhindert. Auf den Spuren eines neuen Normalarbeitsverhältnisses wird schließlich der Ansatz soziabler Arbeit, der Erwerbsarbeit in ihrem gesellschaftlichen Kontext begreift, als neues Leitbild konturiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Based on the great importance of gainful employment as a medium of socialization, this article analyses the so-called standard employment relationship, which represents the normality and norm of gainful employment in Germany. With regard to three different feminist power contexts, this core labour and social policy institution is theorized as a power and domination relationship that virtually requires the exclusion of women, makes gender inequalities within the labour market and in regards to social security permanent, and that ultimately prevents changes in gender relations. The article further argues that the institution thereby acts as a barrier for an egalitarian social participation of women and men. In order to develop a framework for a new standard employment relationship, the authors outline a new concept for conceptualizing employment. This concept comprehends employment in its social context and as a result provides a basis for gender equality." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Erwerbsarbeit; gainful work; Normalarbeitsverhältnis; standard employment relationship; prekäre Beschäftigung; precarious employment; woman; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Macht; power; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; women's employment; soziale Sicherung; social security; Emanzipation; emancipation; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz