The Impact of Nigeria Microfinance Banks on Poverty Reduction: Imo State Experience
Autor/in:
Ihugba, Okezie A.; Bankong, Bankoli; Ebomuche, N.C.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2014) 16, S 92-113
Details
Inhalt: This paper attempts to provide a critical appraisal of the debate on the effectiveness of microfinance as an effective tool for eradicating poverty and also the history of microfinance banks in Nigeria. It argues that while microfinance has developed some innovative management and business strategies, its impact on poverty reduction remains in doubt. Micro finance impact on poverty reduction in Imo state was studied by a stratified sampling method in the selection of the customers. The study area was divided into 16 sample units based on the various local government areas in Imo state. Four (4) MFBs were purposefully selected from each of the 3 Senatorial Zones, making a total of 12 MFBs. In order to have unbiased selection of samples, Three Hundred and eighty two questionnaires (382) were randomly distributed to customers of these selected microfinance Banks in the three senatorial Zones as follows, namely: Owerri (82), Okigwe (100) and Orlu (200). The result revealed that majority of respondents were male constituting about 78 % while women 22 % and majority of the respondents were married (65 %), single (33 %) divorced (2 % ). 137 of the respondents do not have any formal education, 67 possess primary school leaving certificate. 81 indicated having secondary school certificate. 71 with diploma / NCE and its equivalent. 28 of them have first degree certificate and above representing 36 %, 17 %, 21 %, 19 % and 7 % respectively. The monthly income brackets of the respondents show that One hundred and eleven (111) respondents (29 %) indicated earning N10,000 N15,000, 95 respondents or 25 % indicated N15,001 – N20,000 as their income bracket, 94 or 24 % were earning above N20,000, while 84 (22 %) indicated earning below N10,000. From the result, high income class has more capacity to save than poor dwelling in rural areas. The finding appears to support the predication of Economics theory of savings which argues that saving is a function of the level of income. The implication of this study is that the federal government of Nigeria and financial institutions in the country should take up the challenge of establishing bank branches in the rural areas or make formidable arrangement for supplying more credit to the rural dwellers.
Schlagwörter:Micro Credit; Micro Finance; Poverty Reduction
SSOAR Kategorie:soziale Probleme, Volkswirtschaftstheorie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Attempt for Explanation of Declining Labor Force Participation of Women in Turkey through Test of Under-Participation Trap Hypothesis, Applied on Microfinance Survey Data
Autor/in:
Hes, Tomáš; Neradová, Alena; Srnec, Karel
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 7, S 76-85
Details
Inhalt: Labor markets of Turkey are characterized by low female labor force participation when compared with the OECD, neighbour states and EU averages. Besides, the female labor force participation exhibits an unexplained and suprising declining trend in the last decades. The paper attemps to illuminate the phenomenon searching for contingencies in data presented by working women in a microfinance clientele survey in suburban Ankara, especially focusing on status and family related interrelationships that could provide explanation for the low relative number of working women in labor markets of Turkey, testing the Under-participation trap hypothesis
Schlagwörter:Türkei; Turkey; woman; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; soziale Faktoren; social factors; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors; Mikrofinanzierung; microfinance; Microcredit; TGMP; Under Participation Trap
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitsmarktforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Images of the Female Countenance in Renaissance Literature
Autor/in:
Zadeh, Mohammad Reza Modarres
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 3, S 21-29
Details
Inhalt: In her article "The politics of gender" Elaine Hobby gives a clear image of the confusion evoked in modern mentality by the juxtaposition of Renaissance literature and history. The romantic scenes portrayed in the wonderland of Renaissance poetry seem uncompromisable with the bare facts of historical record. As we contemplate the shadows obscuring the male permeated poetic language of the age however, we do discern spots of light illuminating the overall picture. The age has its own logic and its own language and although neither may be wholly appealing to the modern palate, both are, within their own historical framework, unequivocal and self-consciously assertive.
Schlagwörter:Renaissance; Literatur; woman; literature; Sprache; Renaissance; Dichtung; poetry; language; Male/Female Binary; Renaissance History
SSOAR Kategorie:Literaturwissenschaft, Sprachwissenschaft, Linguistik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The Relationship of Psychological Hardiness with Work Holism
Autor/in:
Pour, Sohrab Hassan; Hasanvand, Banafshe; Khaledian, Mohamad
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 5, S 1-9
Details
Inhalt: Background and Aim: Present research intends to investigate relationship of psychological hardiness with work holism among high school teachers. Methods: The under study society includes all male and female high school teacher in Ghorveh city in the academic year 2012-2013. Using simple random sampling method, a sample size of 100 male and female teachers was selected. To collect data, Kobassa Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire and Aghabeigi Workaholics Questionnaire were employed. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test and regression analysis) were used. Results: The findings indicated that there is negative and significant relationship between the variables psychological hardiness and work holism. In addition, there is association between gender and psychological hardiness and between gender and work holism, also the constituents of psychological hardiness (commitment, control and challenge) are able to predict work holism.
Schlagwörter:Lehrer; teacher; Stress; psychophysical stress; Coping-Verhalten; coping behavior; Resilienz; resilience; psychische Gesundheit; mental health; Arbeitszufriedenheit; work satisfaction; Arbeitssucht; workaholism; Lebensqualität; quality of life; gender-specific factors; Iran; Iran; Psychological Hardiness; Work Holism
SSOAR Kategorie:psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention, angewandte Psychologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Deconstructing Assumptions in A Jury of Her Peers
Autor/in:
Zadeh, Mohammad Reza Modarres
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 4, S 1-4
Details
Inhalt: A Jury of Her Peers is truly a small masterpiece. Set in limited rural community, it reaches far back to eons of lost history. From the vivid dramatic scenes and from the heart of a feminine reticence embedded in them, it seems that a desperate cry against injustice toward women echoes. The Minnie Foster who we never meet has an imposing spiritual presence from start to end. Her pitiful silence seems to lament the dark shadow of cruelty and suffering which has overwhelmed of the life of despondent women throughout history. Following her final, desperate attempt to defend herself from being wholly crushed she is subdued by a burden heavier than that from which she had tried to escape. From the rough unsympathetic hands of a husband she is put under the glaring stare of cold uncaring law. What becomes of her remains unknown, just as the lament of her pitiful cry for justice remains unfulfilled.
Schlagwörter:Binary Oppositions; Deconstruction; Male Oppression
SSOAR Kategorie:Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Work Life Balance Amongst the Working Women in Public Sector Banks - A Case Study of State Bank of India
Autor/in:
Dabhade, Nishant; Yadav, Rajesh K.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 7, S 1-22
Details
Inhalt: In terms of Indian context, the concern over work-life balance is gradually becoming a common talk especially for women employees. Work life balance is a state of equilibrium in which the demand of both professional and personal life is equal. Each role having different set of demands and when such role demands overlap, multiple problems are faced. In reality life and work over-lap and interact. In designing the work life policies employer should think that the commitment of employees can make the difference between those companies which compete at the marketplace and those which cannot. A balanced life for women is one where they spread their energy and effort between key areas of importance. This research study aims to figure out the working environment of public sector banks for women employees and what is the perception of women about the initiative and policies of banks and effects of those initiatives on their lives. Chi square test is applied in this paper to check the authenticity of data given by the respondents. The research is conducted among working women in banks with special reference to SBI, Bhopal (M.P.) city head office. We suggest that Work-Life Balance is not a problem to be solved. It is an ongoing issue to be managed.
Schlagwörter:Indien; India; berufstätige Frau; working woman; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Work-life-balance; work-life-balance; Bankgewerbe; banking; Personalpolitik; personnel policy; Arbeitszufriedenheit; work satisfaction; Südasien; South Asia
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Personalwesen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender in White-Collar Crime: An Empirical Study of Pink-Collar Criminals
Autor/in:
Gottschalk, Petter; Glasø, Lars
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 4, S 22-34
Details
Inhalt: White-collar crime is financial crime committed by white-collar criminals. Sensational white-collar crime cases regularly appear in the international business press and studies in journals of ethics and crime. This article is based on a sample of 255 convicted white-collar criminals in Norway from 2009 to 2012. Only 20 out of 255 white-collar criminals presented in Norwegian newspapers in the years from 2009 to 2012 were women. In the popular press, white-collar crime committed by women is sometimes labeled pink-collar crime. In this article, a number of reasons for this gender discrepance are discussed. Women’s access to organizational power structures is rising, but remains still limited. This is in line with opportunity theory. Women may have a greater sense of risk aversion rather than risk willingness, and women may more easily be perceived as victims of crime. However, It is very hard to believe that Norwegian men commit ten times more white-collar crime than Norwegian women, also because Norway is seen as a salient egalitarian country. Therefore, it is a question of whether the detection rate for female white-collar criminals is lower than for males. As a consequence, more attention should be paid to characteristics of female white-collar crime and criminals in future criminology research and law enforcement.
Schlagwörter:Corporate Crime; Empirical Study; Financial Crime; Prison; White-Collar Criminal
SSOAR Kategorie:Kriminalsoziologie, Rechtssoziologie, Kriminologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Perceptions of the Drivers of Sexual and Gender Based Violence in Post Conflict Northern Uganda
Autor/in:
Schei, Berit; Bukuluki, Paul; Makerere, Alex Bagabo; Sundby, Johanne; Kisuule, John David
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2013) 10, S 84-102
Details
Inhalt: This paper explores the perceived forms and drivers of sexual and gender based violence in post conflict settings with focus on Northern Uganda. It applied qualitative approaches primarily using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Study findings revealed that although all forms of violence are perceived to be prevalent, physical and emotional violence were perceived to be the most occurring. Men were perceived to be the main perpetrators of violence. However, there were cases of men who reported to experience violence from women. Few men reported violence to authorities because it was perceived to be stigmatizing; such men would be perceived as weak in a patriarchal society that perceives ideal men to be strong and less susceptible to physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Early marriages are a major form of gender based violence which was perceived as normal in a number of communities despite the evidence that it contributes to negative social and reproductive health outcomes . Sexual violence cases in form of rape, defilement as well as incest were perceived to be on the rise in the sub-region. The study identified several drivers of SGBV including poverty, power imbalances in access to and control over resources, insecurity, blaming HIV infection on female partners, HIV related stigma and discrimination, alcohol and substance abuse.
Schlagwörter:häusliche Gewalt; domestic violence; sexueller Missbrauch; sexual abuse; gender-specific factors; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; Uganda; Uganda; Entwicklungsland; developing country; Post Conflict Area
SSOAR Kategorie:soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz