Internationale Mobilität und soziale Selektivität : Ausmaß, Mechanismen und Entwicklung herkunftsspezifischer Unterschiede zwischen 1990 und 2005
Titelübersetzung:International mobility and social inequality : extent, mechanisms and development of social differences between 1990 and 2005
Autor/in:
Lörz, Markus; Krawietz, Marian
Quelle: Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 63 (2011) H. 2, S. 185-205
Inhalt: "Mit der Bildungsexpansion haben sich die sozialen Ungleichheiten im deutschen Bildungssystem deutlich verringert. Da sich im Zuge dieser Veränderungen ein Teil der sozialen Selektivitäten auf den Hochschulbereich verschoben hat und zudem deutliche Unterschiede in der Art der Bildungsbeteiligung bestehen, stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit sich neue Muster sozialer Ungleichheit ausgebildet haben. Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich hierbei auf die herkunftsspezifischen Unterschiede in der Entscheidung an eine ausländische Hochschule zu wechseln und die Prozesse und Mechanismen die diesen Unterschieden zugrunde liegen. Auf Basis der HIS-Studienberechtigtenbefragungen wird das Ausmaß und die Entwicklung herkunftsspezifischer Unterschiede bestimmt und anhand nicht-linearer Dekompositionsmodelle gezeigt, auf welche Ursachen und Prozesse diese Unterschiede zurückzuführen sind. Im Ergebnis finden wir sowohl in der Absicht als auch in der Entscheidung, ein Auslandsstudium aufzunehmen, bemerkenswerte herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede. Die geringere Auslandsmobilität der Studierenden aus bildungsfernen Familien lässt sich hierbei auf die schlechteren Schulleistungen und geringeren Fremdsprachenkenntnisse, die höheren örtlichen Bindungen und auf Unterschiede in den institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen zurückführen. Im Zeitverlauf nehmen diese Unterschiede zwischen 1990 und 2005 eher zu als ab." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In the course of educational expansion social inequalities in access to upper secondary education declined, while the differences in transition to tertiary education increased. In the light of these changes the assumption arises, that the patterns of social selectivity in access to higher education have changed. While in the past status maintenance was mainly due to differences in access to higher education, today it is to a greater extent a question of kind and place of study. Because of the growing importance of international experience for labour market success, students of privileged classes might increasingly opt to study abroad in order to preserve their privileged position." (author's abstract)
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the first "NO"
Autor/in:
Philipov, Dimiter
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 201-216
Inhalt: "This paper takes the 'no' side in the debate on the question posed in the title.
The paper assumes that the dual-earner/ dual-carer household model is the most likely
aim of policies that push aggressively for gender equality in order to raise fertility.
Five objections are discussed: the model does not necessarily lead to a fertility
increase; aggressiveness will lead to an imbalance of labor supply and demand, and
is likely to confront slowly changing cultural norms; similar policies will also confront
the issue of innate gender differences; and country idiosyncrasies prevent the application
of a unified policy approach. The paper briefly concludes that compatible gender-neutral
family policies and fertility-neutral gender policies are likely to lead to an increase
in fertility." (author's abstract)|
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the second "YES"
Autor/in:
Oláh, Livia Sz.
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 217-224
Inhalt: "This paper is based on the authoress's contribution to a debate, organized by MPIDR,
on the question displayed in the title above. She was asked to present arguments for
the 'yes'-response (together with Laurent Toulemon, and arguing against the 'no'-side
represented by Gerda Neyer and Dimiter Philipov). As pointed out in the paper, the
most important theoretical reasoning relevant for this question is the gender equity
theory. A number of studies provide sound empirical support to it, as discussed in
the paper in details, and thereby also a rationale for a positive impact of increased
gender equality on fertility. As the dual-earner family is here to stay, and given
the well-known negative consequences of long-term very low fertility for a society,
pushing for gender equality seems to be a reasonable strategy to be considered aiming
for sustainable societal development." (author's abstract)|
Transition to the labour market of women teachers at the University of Extremadura (Spain)
Titelübersetzung:Übergang in den Arbeitsmarkt der weiblichen Lehrkräfte der Universität von Extremadura (Spanien)
Autor/in:
Guitiérrez Esteban, Prudencia; Luengo González, Rosa
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 29 (2011) Nr. 1, S. 92-99
Inhalt: "This study aims to describe the professional and labor situation of former graduate students from the Faculty of Education at the University of Extremadura, analyzing the education received, paying special attention to the study of gender differences. As the authors can show, there are gender differences between male and female graduates of the Faculty of Education in their transition to the labor market. They used a triangulation based methodology (using both qualitative and quantitative data). These data were obtained by means of a questionnaire and open questions based on it answered by graduate students, as well as discussion groups with graduates, employers and other people involved in these issues." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender equality and fertility intentions revisited evidence from Finland
Titelübersetzung:Gleichstellung der Geschlechter und Fruchtbarkeitsabsichten, korrigierte Ergebnisse aus Finnland
Autor/in:
Miettinen, Anneli; Basten, Stuart; Rotkirch, Anna
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 469-496
Inhalt: "Stimulated by the recent debate on gender roles and men's fertility behavior (Puur et al. 2008; Westoff and Higgins 2009; Goldscheider, Oláh and Puur 2010), the authors present evidence from Finland as a country well into the second phase of the so-called gender revolution. They examine how gender role attitudes relate to childbearing intentions at the onset of family life, intentions to have many (3 or more) children, and high personal fertility ideals among low-parity men and women. Gender equality attitudes are measured for both the public and the domestic sphere and the influence of work and family orientation is controlled for. Finding signs of a U-shaped association among men, the authors conclude that both traditional and egalitarian attitudes raise men's expected fertility compared to men with intermediate gender attitudes and independently of family values. Among Finnish women the impact of gender attitudes is smaller and more ambiguous." (author's abstract)
"Zur Denaturalisierung" : Wissenschaftlerinnen und Akademikerinnen in Spanien
Titelübersetzung:"Denaturalization" : female scientists and female academics in Spain
Autor/in:
Santesmases, María Jesús
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 29 (2011) Nr. 1, S. 52-64
Inhalt: "This contribution intends to show the position achieved by the studies of women in academics, and of gender studies and women scientists in Spain. The analysis of the current situation suggests that a transition is taking place toward the de-naturalization of androcentricism, both of figures of women in science and in university positions, toward a more equalitarian landscape still shaped, however, by keeping relevant barriers for women. Still segregation and discrimination, both vertical and horizontal maintain academic and scientist women in less powerful positions, thus providing them with comparatively less authority than their male peers. Gender studies still lack academic recognition as a knowledge domain in the university syllabuses. Here a reflexive approach is presented. Women professors and researchers are in a way studying themselves, tracing women genealogies in search of recognition for those women still absent, or until very recently hidden, in the historiography and more widely in contemporary academic bibliography. This absence appears mildly soften by women academic activists with growing intellectual influence, both in the political agenda and in socio-academic practices." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Europa und Internationales
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender Mainstreaming in der EU : wirtschaftlicher Mehrwert oder soziale Gerechtigkeit?
Titelübersetzung:Gender mainstreaming in the EU : economic value added or social justice?
Autor/in:
Tomic, Marina
Quelle: Wiesbaden: VS Verl. für Sozialwiss. (VS College), 2011. 105 S.
Inhalt: "Die Debatten um ein beschäftigungspolitisches Gender Mainstreaming bewegen sich in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen sozialer Gerechtigkeit und wirtschaftlichem Mehrwert: Während Kritikerinnen die Reaktivierung patriarchaler Machtverhältnisse befürchten, wird ein managementorientiertes Gender Mainstreaming von Protagonistinnen eher als Chance gesehen, das Thema Gleichstellung aufzuwerten. Unternehmensstrategisches bzw. 'erwerbszentriertes' Gender Mainstreaming kann durchaus ein Schlüssel zur Herstellung von Gerechtigkeit sein, wenn gleichzeitig die dadurch generierten Exklusionen kritisch beleuchtet werden. Marina Tomic zeigt Potenziale und Gefahren eines so kontextualisierten Gender Mainstreamings in der EU auf. Die Offenlegung der Schwachstellen eines auf den wirtschaftlichen Mehrwert ausgerichteten Gleichstellungsverständnisses dient als Vorlage zur Formulierung von künftigen Handlungsoptionen auf supranationaler Ebene. Das Buch wendet sich an Genderforscherinnen, Soziologinnen, Geistes-und Politikwissenschaftlerinnen sowie an Ökonominnen." (Autorenreferat)
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the first "NO"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : die Antwort ist "nein"
Autor/in:
Philipov, Dimiter
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 201-216
Inhalt: "This paper takes the 'no' side in the debate on the question posed in the title. The paper assumes that the dual-earner/ dual-carer household model is the most likely aim of policies that push aggressively for gender equality in order to raise fertility. Five objections are discussed: the model does not necessarily lead to a fertility increase; aggressiveness will lead to an imbalance of labor supply and demand, and is likely to confront slowly changing cultural norms; similar policies will also confront the issue of innate gender differences; and country idiosyncrasies prevent the application of a unified policy approach. The paper briefly concludes that compatible gender-neutral family policies and fertility-neutral gender policies are likely to lead to an increase in fertility." (author's abstract)
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the second "YES"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : das zweite "Ja"
Autor/in:
Oláh, Livia Sz.
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 217-224
Inhalt: "This paper is based on the authoress's contribution to a debate, organized by MPIDR, on the question displayed in the title above. She was asked to present arguments for the 'yes'-response (together with Laurent Toulemon, and arguing against the 'no'-side represented by Gerda Neyer and Dimiter Philipov). As pointed out in the paper, the most important theoretical reasoning relevant for this question is the gender equity theory. A number of studies provide sound empirical support to it, as discussed in the paper in details, and thereby also a rationale for a positive impact of increased gender equality on fertility. As the dual-earner family is here to stay, and given the well-known negative consequences of long-term very low fertility for a society, pushing for gender equality seems to be a reasonable strategy to be considered aiming for sustainable societal development." (author's abstract)
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the second "NO"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : das zweite "Nein"
Autor/in:
Neyer, Gerda
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 225-250
Inhalt: "This paper argues against the suggestion that governments should push for gender equality more aggressively in order to raise fertility. The paper presents a threefold 'no' to this proposal. It takes issue with the goal of raising fertility, arguing that the claims that fertility must be increased are based on myths. It rejects a more aggressive pursuit of gender equality for demographic purposes, maintaining that this method preserves inequality. It warns against using gender equality for fertility purposes, stating that this narrows the realm of gender equality. The paper is based on a debate held at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock, at which the author was asked to argue against the gender equality-fertility proposal. The other participants in the debate were Laurent Toulemon ('yes'), Dimiter Philipov ('no'), and Livia Oláh ('yes')." (author's abstract)