Family friendliness at German higher education institutions: about the effectiveness of strategies and measures for the reconciliation of science and care
Autor/in:
Kunadt, Susann
Quelle: 8th European Conference on Gender Equality in Higher Education; Wien, 2014. 13 S
Schlagwörter:Familienplanung; university; Wissenschaftlerin; Effektivität; Familie-Beruf; Federal Republic of Germany; work-family balance; family-friendliness; family planning; Arbeitszeit; Universität; measure; Karriere; effectiveness; child care; Familienfreundlichkeit; Kinderbetreuung; working hours; Maßnahme; female scientist; gender-specific factors; career; Vereinbarkeit; Reconciliation
Becoming women: awareness of migration and double loyalty
Autor/in:
Gigliotti, Miriam; Odasso, Laura
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 131-146
Inhalt: "Based on two case studies of adolescent daughters of migrant and mixed families in Bavaria (Germany) and in Veneto (Italy), the paper aims to study how the daughters solve the conflicting interactions between the contents of the transmission and of the socialization. Focused mostly on gendered interactions and on a sense of belonging, the reflection investigates if and how structural elements (e.g.: family configuration, national context and migration trajectories of parents) impact on continuity and discontinuity in passing on values and other sets of information. The observation of 'status passages' and 'socio-ecological transitions' in and between private and public spheres thanks to the analysis of life histories are suitable to grasp the specific effects of handing down and its interaction with the socialization over generations. This approach entails the articulation of 'time' (namely the interplay between past and present) and 'space' (namely the private and public spheres) allowing retracing the outline of the 'generational work' that each family performs consciously and unconsciously. In different geographical and socio-cultural contexts as well as in different family patterns, parenting and adolescent dynamics reveal common features. By pointing out the restructuration that adolescence imposes in life courses, we show that it is the meaning given to the parental experience of migration that entails specific form of 'loyalty' due to emotional and juridical (de)nationalized belonging, as well as to previous experiences of socialization and discrimination. The originality of the reflection is connected to the patterns of the families compared. The authors widen the concept of migration classically employed in academia introducing the innovative concept of 'migration of contact'." (author's abstract)
Intergenerational transmissions in transnational families and national affiliations
Autor/in:
Delcroix, Catherine; Lagier, Elsa
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 25-38
Inhalt: "This article explains and illustrates the method of family histories, reconstructed from crossed biographical interviews of different members of the same family. This methodology allows for the collection of fine and precious data in order to try to understand the complexity of the dynamics of intergenerational transmissions and the construction of national affiliations of immigrants' descendants. It shows how continuously shifting family relationships underlie creativity in parenting strategies. In addition, this approach can circumvent some specific barriers to the study of immigrant families, who often speak uneasily with researchers. This methodology helps us to avoid reification of static identities." (author's abstract)
Intergenerational transmission of trajectories of suffering in precarious environments: researching the younger generations' strategies of reinterpretation
Autor/in:
Chaieb, Sarra; Schwarz, Christoph H.
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 57-77
Inhalt: "This article discusses some pivotal questions regarding processes of the intergenerational transmission of trajectories of suffering in precarious places: to what extent can such processes provide resources that foster agency, and to what extent do they rather constitute barriers to living one's own life? How much do intergenerational relations allow for certain reinterpretations while discouraging or inhibiting others? Which reinterpretations of the older generations' experiences appear legitimate in certain contexts, and which are rebuked by one's social environment? In order to pursue these questions we present analyses of two very different cases that are based on two forms of data material - the life story of Emma, a woman in her 50s, and ethno-analytic group interviews with adolescents aged 14 to 20. Both cases are embedded in very different regional and political contexts: the former, in the French system of fostering institutions, and the latter a Palestinian refugee camp in the West Bank. Both constitute, however, cases of intergenerational transmission of trajectories of suffering. One objective of this article is to illustrate how the contrasting of such cases across different kinds of data and contexts can be heuristically useful for methodologically gauging the spectrum of the ubiquitous and sometimes paradoxical phenomena of intergenerational transmission, in order to further develop its conceptualization." (author's abstract)
Three women in a city: crossing borders and negotiating national belonging
Autor/in:
Pape, Elise; Takeda, Ayumi; Guhlich, Anna
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 39-56
Inhalt: "The major theoretical literature has considered the concept of nation primarily from a macro level. This article explores the question of national belonging departing from an individual's point of view, more precisely from the life story of three migrant women. Migration and transnational practices have challenged the perception of the homogeneity of nations, questioning the idea of fixed boundaries, and showing how different national and social forms of belonging may develop simultaneously through migration experience. Drawing on biographical interviews conducted with three migrant women, Amina El Asri, Gule Yildiz and Zuzana Svitá, the present analysis focusses on the construction of national belonging of the women in an intersectional perspective. Mrs. El Asri, Mrs. Yildiz and Mrs. Svitá originate from different countries (respectively Morocco, Turkey and Czechia). They have different social origins and ages, but share the same sex, their residence in the same city in West Germany and the fact that they all have children. The analysis reveals the profound impact of the socio-historical contexts the women come from on their construction of national belonging, but also of age and of transmission processes to their children. It is mainly through passing on their mother tongue and reshaping their conception of national belonging over time that the women manage to establish strong ties to their children, and contribute, by articulating different lines of belonging, to the redefinition of (trans)nation building processes." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Migration; migration; Migrant; migrant; woman; Nation; nation; nationale Identität; national identity; Identitätsbildung; identity formation; Gruppenzugehörigkeit; group membership; gender-specific factors; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; Familie; family; Generation; generation; soziale Herkunft; social background; Bindung; commitment; Federal Republic of Germany; Biographie; biography; biographische Methode; biographical method
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Migration
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 26 (2014) 3, S 331-346
Inhalt: "In der Forschungsliteratur wird häufig ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen einem frühen Zeitpunkt der ersten Geburt und dem Wohlbefinden im späteren Leben beobachtet. Die Effekte der späten Elternschaft werden durch eine Mischung aus unterschiedlichen sozialen und physiologischen Mechanismen sowie durch Selektionsprozesse für den Zeitpunkt der ersten Geburt bewirkt. Dieser Artikel erweitert bisherige Befunde durch Anwendung des Propensity Score Matching zur Schätzung der Effekte des Timings der ersten Elternschaft auf die Lebenszufriedenheit unter der Kontrolle beobachteter Selektivität. Durch eine Sensitivitätsanalyse mittels Rosenbaum Bounds werden Hinweise auf verbleibende unbeobachtete Selektivität gegeben. Die Analyse auf Basis der Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (GSOEP) zeigt, dass der Zeitpunkt der ersten Geburt keinen Einfluss auf das spätere Wohlbefinden von Frauen und Männer hat. Im Falle des naiven Schätzers sind die negativen Effekte früher Geburten und die positiven Effekte später Geburten für Frauen auf Selektionsprozesse zurückzuführen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "A large body of literature has documented a negative association between early childbearing and well-being in later life. The effects of late parenthood are mixed, due to different social and physiological mechanisms as well as selection processes for the timing of first birth. This article extends the literature by employing propensity score matching to estimate effects of birth timing on life satisfaction net of observed selectivity. A sensitivity analysis using Rosenbaum bounds provides hints on remaining unobserved selectivity. The analysis of data from the German Socio-Economic Panel shows that the timing of first birth has no effect on well-being in later life both for women and men. In the case of the naïve estimator, the negative effects of early births and positive effects of late births for women are caused by selection processes." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Elternschaft; Geburt; well-being; birth; age; Wohlbefinden; parenthood; Lebensalter; Mutterschaft; motherhood; Lebenszufriedenheit; satisfaction with life
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Bevölkerung
The effects of the first birth timing on women's wages: A longitudinal analysis based on the German Socio-Economic Panel
Titelübersetzung:Die Einkommensseffekte des Zeitpunkts der ersten Geburt: Eine Längsschnittanalyse auf Basis des Sozio-ökonomischen Panels
Autor/in:
Putz, Tobias; Engelhardt, Henriette
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 26 (2014) 3, S 302-330
Inhalt: "Während der Effekt einer Geburt auf das Einkommen unter dem Stichwort 'motherhood wage gap' bereits eingehend untersucht wurde, existieren bisher nur vereinzelt Arbeiten, die die Effekte des Zeitpunkts dieses Ereignisses analysieren. Die große Mehrheit bestehender Befunde basiert darüber hinaus auf amerikanischen Daten. Untersuchungen, die andere Datenquellen nutzen, wie zum Beispiel Studien auf Basis deutscher Daten, fehlen bisher fast vollständig. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht diese Lücke zu schließen. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Untersuchung des kausalen Effekts des Geburtszeitpunkts auf das Einkommen im weiteren Lebenslauf (bis zum 45. Lebensjahr). Die Schätzungen von Fixed-Effects-Panel-Modellen mit Längsschnittdaten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) deuten darauf hin, dass die negativen Einkommenseffekte, die durch die Geburt des ersten Kindes entstehen, vor allem für solche Frauen beobachtet werden können, die ihr Kind zu einem relativ späten Zeitpunkt zur Welt bringen. Die negativen Effekte des Geburtstimings zeigen sich insbesondere für niedrig- und mittelgebildete Frauen sowie für verheiratete Frauen und verlieren für frühe Mütter mit dem Abstand vom Geburtsereignis an Einfluss. Darüber hinaus nehmen die negativen Effekte einer Geburt für späte Mütter mit der Länge der kindesbedingten Erwerbsunterbrechung zu. Im Gegensatz zur vorliegenden Literatur deuten die Befunde damit auf negative Einkommenseffekte durch eine späte Mutterschaft hin, so dass in Anlehnung an die bereits bekannte 'motherhood wage gap' eher von einer 'late motherhood wage gap' gesprochen werden kann." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "While the wage effects of a birth, the so-called 'motherhood wage gap', have already been analyzed in more detail, studies exploring the timing of this life event still tend to be rare. Moreover, the large majority of existing evidence on this topic is based on data from the United States. Research using other data sources, for example research based on German data, is almost completely missing. By focusing on the causal effects of the timing of the first birth on women's wages in their subsequent life time (up to age 45), this paper seeks to contribute to this research gap. Based on longitudinal data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), estimated fixed-effects panel models indicate that the negative wage effects of a first birth can primarily be observed for those women, who bear their first child relatively late. Furthermore, the estimated models provide evidence that the negative wage effects related to late motherhood can especially be observed for women with a low and intermediate level of education as well as for women who were married at first birth. Moreover, it seems that only young mothers experience an increase in their wages as the time since the first birth elapses. At last, yet for late mothers only, the negative effects of childbirth increase with the length of the work interruption around first birth. Overall, in contrast to the existing literature, these results indicate negative wage effects of a delayed first birth. Thus, according to the well-established 'motherhood wage gap', these results can be considered as indication for a 'late motherhood wage gap'." (author's abstract)
Effects of age at first birth on health of mothers aged 45 to 56
Titelübersetzung:Effekte des Alters der Mutter bei Erstgeburt auf ihre Gesundheit im Alter zwischen 45 und 56
Autor/in:
Schlücker, Friederike U.; Blumenfelder, Raphaela A.
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 26 (2014) 3, S 347-371
Inhalt: "Anhand der Daten des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) für 13 europäische Länder wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dem Alter der Mutter bei Erstgeburt und ihrer Gesundheit im Alter von 45 bis 56 Jahren untersucht. Im Vergleich zu Müttern, die ihr erstes Kind im mittleren Alter bekommen haben, zeigen sich signifikant höhere Erkrankungsrisiken unter jungen Erstgebärenden. In einem ersten Schritt wird gezeigt, dass dieser Effekt auch unter Berücksichtigung von Selektionseffekten, welche das Alter bei Erstgeburt bestimmen, weitgehend bestehen bleibt. Anschließend wird untersucht, ob sich der biosoziale Ansatz, der den negativen Effekt früher Geburten auf die spätere Gesundheit anhand geringerer sozialer und ökonomischer Ressourcen im Lebensverlauf von jungen Müttern erklärt, bestätigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass sich ein junges Alter bei Erstgeburt auch unter Berücksichtigung von gesundheitsrelevanten Ressourcen im Lebensverlauf negativ auf die Gesundheit auswirkt. Mögliche Erklärungen liegen in der Operationalisierung der gesundheitsrelevanten Ressourcen und in unbeobachteten Effekten. Aufgrund von Datenbeschränkungen konnten Indikatoren zur Bildungs- und Berufshistorie und zur sozialen Unterstützung, die vom Alter bei Erstgeburt abhängig sein können und die spätere Gesundheit beeinflussen, nicht berücksichtigt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen Mechanismen kumulativer sozialer Ungleichheit auf, wenn benachteiligte Frauen jünger Mütter werden und dadurch ihre Gesundheitsrisiken zusätzlich verstärkt werden." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Employing the data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) for 13 European countries, we analyse the relationship between mother's age at first birth and her health at age 45 to 56. Compared to mothers who gave birth at middle age, we found a significantly higher risk of illness among young first-time mothers. In a first step, we show that this effect largely remains after controlling for selection effects which determine age at first birth. Next, we examine whether the biosocial view could be confirmed. This approach explains the negative effect of early births on later health through a lack of social and economic resources during young mothers' life course. Thus, fewer resources are expected to affect health outcomes. However, the results indicate that the negative effect of young age at first birth remains even after controlling for health-related resources throughout the life course. The operationalisation of health-related resources as well as unobserved effects might be regarded as possible explanations for this. Due to data restrictions, indicators for educational history, job history and social support, that are all likely to depend on age at first birth and also affect later health, could not be taken into account. The results identify mechanisms of cumulative social inequality when disadvantaged women become mothers at younger age and thereby further increase their risk of disease." (author's abstract)
