The division of labour in Czech households in the 1990s
Autor/in:
Krizkova, Alena
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 205-214
Inhalt: Sociological survey data are used to outline the basic division of household tasks in Czech families in the 1990s, focusing on the two-income family, which is the norm. After discussing the construction of gender roles & their stereotypical reproduction in the family, examined is the household domain & its related responsibilities: in the overwhelming majority of households, all usual chores are done by women, including caring for children. In comparison with similar countries of Eastern Europe, however, the division of work in the Czech Republic is one of the most equitable. Nevertheless, such work is still not very highly esteemed. Trends among both men & women toward changing relations with household tasks & at the subjective view of the justice of the division are explored.
Schlagwörter:Czech Republic; Family Work Relationship; Eastern Europe; Dual Career Family; Womens Roles; Family Roles; Working Men; Housework; Working Women; Sexual Division of Labor
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Men in the Czech Republic: A Few Questions and Thoughts on Studying (Some) Men
Autor/in:
Smidova, Iva
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 215-222
Inhalt: Raises questions & themes relevant for introduction of men's studies or critical studies on men & masculinities in the Czech Republic. The general issue of gender studies, & the situation & context of men in the Czech Republic, are focal. The former deals with the theoretical basis for research on men, while the latter explores empirical data on men that may be used in further research. The author's empirical inquiry into the life histories of men in the Czech Republic is described, highlighting different men (nonmanipulative, lacking the need to control others, emotional) to challenge the existence of a single normative (hegemonic) masculinity. In accordance with contemporary sources from Anglo Saxon social science literature, the existence of a plurality & colorful forms of masculine identity is suggested, & implications for gender studies in the Czech Republic are discussed.
Schlagwörter:Males; Sex Differences; Sex Role Identity; Sociological Research; Social Science Research; Masculinity; Czech Republic
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 167-178
Inhalt: The results of public opinion surveys clearly reflect real gender differences in society on questions directly pertaining to gender, but there is no fundamental difference between the opinions of men & women on other questions of civic politics or life values. Investigated here is whether gender is a subject separate from other areas of life, drawing on data from public opinion surveys conducted in the Czech Republic, 1990-1997. On civic & political questions, the only difference was the greater tendency to extreme positions on the part of men, while women tended to be noncommittal. Among the values tested, no difference was discovered between men & women. It is concluded that gender as an ascribed social status modifies values directly through acquired elements of social status, eg, education. For the values of work & social prestige, the dominant influence among lower & middle education groups is age, which is reinforced by gender. Among people with higher education, the influence of age virtually disappears & gender gains in strength.
Schlagwörter:Public Opinion; Opinion Polls; Sex Differences; Czech Republic; Sexual Inequality; Social Status; Education
SSOAR Kategorie:Soziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Equal Opportunity as a Matter of Public Interest: An Analysis of Institutional and Social Mechanisms
Autor/in:
Musilova, Martina
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 195-204
Inhalt: Data from a study titled 'The Position of Women Graduates in Czech Society in the 1990s' are drawn on to explore attitudes to equal opportunities for men & women against the background of mechanisms of the institutions of public interest. Two hypothetical models are developed, the first of which is the basic model of the general mechanism of the implementation of equal opportunities as a matter of public interest. This is compared with a second model that seeks to show how this actually works in the Czech Republic. Gender differences are described, & possible explanations for them are offered, outlining those factors specific to the Czech environment. Parties involved in these mechanisms & how they conceive of & evaluate actions contributing to the implementation of equal opportunities are examined.
Schlagwörter:Opportunity Structures; Employment Opportunities; Sexual Inequality; Czech Republic; College Graduates; Education Work Relationship; Labor Policy; Social Attitudes; Public Sphere
Gender Differences among Economically Active University Graduates
Autor/in:
Cermakova, Marie
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 127-144
Inhalt: Data from a project titled 'Men and Women University Graduates' & other available statistical data are drawn on to explore areas of difference in the positions of men & women with university degrees in Czech society, focusing on their position in the labor market in terms of salary differences & attitudes to performance & career. It is hypothesized that the continuing gender differences between graduates cannot be attributed to the nature of the female workforce. The secondary position of these women on the labor market is due to noneconomic factors. Topics include the existing guarantees for equality of men & women in Czech society, the double standard of university qualifications, the link between the university-educated female labor force & the female sectors of the labor market, the 'unclear identity' of women graduates, & the low level of emotional support from these women's social surroundings. Also considered are the individualized, personalized ways of creating a social position that are used by women graduates on the market or in their career, highlighting the fact that these approaches are both risky & ineffective in the search for equal status or the implementation of equal opportunities policies.
Schlagwörter:Czech Republic; Sex Differences; College Graduates; Labor Force Participation; Labor Market Segmentation; Sexual Inequality; Education Work Relationship
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 179-194
Inhalt: Presents results of the 1998 research project 'The Status of Women & Men in the Czech Republic' (N = 1,000 respondents ages 20-60), inspired by the need to obtain information on the circumstances of enforcement of European Union (EU) legislation on equal opportunities in the Czech Republic in connection with its application for EU membership. The public perception & consciousness of equal opportunities are investigated in terms of pay, access to employment, promotion, & vocational training, as well as legal knowledge concerning employment. Reconciling family & working life is the crucial problem in the Czech Republic, as in other countries. It can be understood as a result of both modernization & the special national situation that has resulted from the social & economic transition. Comparison of conditions of women's employment with their professional expectations & satisfaction reveals the social determination of these, as well as some stereotypes in understanding men's & women's roles that influence women's position in the labor market.
Schlagwörter:Labor Force Participation; Working Women; Females; Czech Republic; Compliance; Employment Opportunities; Family Work Relationship; Legislation; Labor Policy; Europe; Sex Stereotypes; Working Mothers
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The Political Representation of Women in Mass Media Discourse in the Czech Republic 1990-1998
Autor/in:
Havelkova, Hana
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 7 (1999) 2, S 145-165
Inhalt: Analyzes the role of various categories of intelligentsia in establishing the terms of public discourse, as well as specific & general perceptions of the gender dimension of Czech politics & gender stereotypes in the context of politics. Data are drawn from articles explicitly dealing with the subject in the major Czech dailies & selected magazines. A typology of the attitudes embodied in these articles is developed, & their authors classified in terms of profession, sex, age, & political affiliations. Analysis confirms that media workers are weak in their response to public opinion & use of experts, & are principally aligned with attitudes directly derived from the sphere of politics. In relation to the issue of the political representation of women, the media has affected public discourse by both opening it &, paradoxically, blocking it. Nevertheless, gender stereotypes have been undergoing special modifications in the context of political representation.
Schlagwörter:Czech Republic; Political Participation; Females; Mass Media Effects; Sexual Inequality; Intelligentsia; Discourse; Sex Stereotypes; Public Sphere; Social Attitudes
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Massenkommunikation, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur