Mobil und immobil in einem? Über Unterschiede im Wanderungsverhalten von Männern und Frauen
Autor/in:
Milbert, Antonia; Sturm, Gabriele
Quelle: Sozialwissenschaften und Berufspraxis, 36 (2013) 2, S 287-311
Inhalt: Im historischen Vergleich ändern sich sowohl die räumlich mobilen Personengruppen als auch Umfang und Entfernung der durchgeführten Wanderungen. Damit einher geht eine Veränderung der Wanderungsmotive. Auf Grundlage der Laufenden Raumbeobachtung des Bundesinstituts für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) werden Wanderungsverflechtungen innerhalb Deutschlands auf Kreisebene untersucht - nicht nur in der Gesamtheit der daraus resultierenden Bevölkerungszu- oder -abnahme in den siedungsstrukturell unterschiedlich geprägten Kreisen, sondern insbesondere auch nach Frauen und Männern differenziert. Geschlechtstypische Wanderungsmotive und daraus resultierend unterschiedliche Wanderungsbewegungen haben in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten zu Ungleichgewichten in der regionalen Geschlechterverteilung geführt und verstärken damit auch andere regionale Disparitäten. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind politischer Handlungsbedarf und Handlungsmöglichkeiten zu diskutieren.
Schlagwörter:gender; Geschlechterverteilung; sex ratio; Federal Republic of Germany; Stadt-Land-Beziehung; city-country relationship; Aggregatdatenanalyse; aggregate data analysis; Binnenwanderung; internal migration; Außenwanderung; external migration; Wanderungsrichtung; direction of migration; Motiv; motive; Motivationsforschung; motivation research; Altersgruppe; age group; Zeitreihe; time series; Abwanderung; out-migration; Zuwanderung; immigration; Siedlungsstruktur; settlement pattern; Kreis; district; Ost-West-Vergleich; east-west comparison; Frauenanteil; proportion of women; regionaler Vergleich; regional comparison; Bildungsmobilität; educational mobility; Berufsmobilität; occupational mobility; Mobilitätsbereitschaft; mobility readiness; Mobilitätsforschung; mobility research; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Raumbeobachtung; Wanderungssaldo; Wanderungsvolumen
SSOAR Kategorie:Demographie, Bevölkerungswissenschaft, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Männlichkeit in der Krise? Zur Bedeutung von männlicher Geschlechtsidentität und Weiblichkeitsabwehr in sich transformierenden Arbeitsverhältnissen
Titelübersetzung:Masculinity in crisis? On the importance of male gender identity and defence of femininity in changing working conditions
Autor/in:
Roock, Marco
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 36/37 (2013) 4/1, S 151-174
Inhalt: Die gegenwärtige Transformation der Arbeitsverhältnisse führt zu einer zunehmenden Verschärfung sozialer Konflikte. Dies hat sowohl Auswirkungen auf das Verhältnis von Arbeit und Subjektivität als auch auf die Geschlechterverhältnisse sowie auf die soziale Konstruktion von Männlichkeit. In diesem Aufsatz wird es darum gehen, diese Transformationsprozesse als auch deren Bedeutung für die Konstitution von Männlichkeit aus psychoanalytisch-sozialpsychologischer Perspektive in den Blick zu nehmen. Dabei wird es darum gehen, die weitverbreitete Annahme, dass diese Prozesse eine Beschädigung der männlichen Geschlechtsidentität zur Folge haben, einer kritischen Reflexion zu unterziehen. Demgegenüber soll die These dargelegt werden, dass die gegenwärtige ›Krise der Arbeitsgesellschaft‹ auf der Grundlage traditioneller männlicher Identitätskonstruktionen verarbeitet wird und damit androzentristische und misogyne Männlichkeitsentwürfe reproduzieren und stabilisieren.
Inhalt: The current transformation of labor relations leads to an increasing intensification of social conflict. This has an effect on both the relationship between work and subjectivity as well as on gender relations and the social construction of masculinity. In this paper it will be important to increase the transformation processes as well as its importance for the constitution of masculinity from psychoanalytic-social psychological perspective into view. It will be a question the popular assumption that these processes have led to damage to the male gender identity to the sequence to be subjected to critical reflection. In contrast to the thesis will be argued that the current ›crisis of work society‹ is processed on the basis of traditional male identity constructions and for his reason stabilizes and reproduces androcentric and misogynist masculinity concepts.
Die schöne neue Welt der scheinbar zwanglosen Geschlechtsidentitäten: Postfordistische Entwürfe der Geschlechterdifferenz zwischen Gender Trainings und Soziobiologie
Titelübersetzung:The brave new world of apparently unconstrained gender identities: Postfordistic patterns of gender differences between gender trainings and sociobiology
Autor/in:
Winter, Sebastian
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 36/37 (2013) 4/1, S 102-124
Inhalt: Die in der Geschlechterforschung verbreitete Annahme eines durchgängigen Wandels der Geschlechterentwürfe auf der diskursiven Ebene (aber nicht auf derjenigen des Alltagshandelns) in Richtung einer Angleichung der Geschlechter wird in Zweifel gezogen. Zwar finden sich in den öffentlichen Diskursen Forderungen, die Begrenzungen der eigenen "Geschlechtsidentität" zu flexibilisieren und sich neue Potentiale anzueignen, gleichzeitig aber existieren essentialisierende, biologisierende und antifeministische Positionen. Diese Zweiseitigkeit zeigt sich auch im sozialisationstheoretischen Paradigma der "Selbstorganisation" (Hurrelmann): "Geschlechtsidentität" wird hier als kulturelle und trainierbare Überformung eines natürlichen Potentials gefasst. Über eine psychoanalytisch ausgerichtete Kritik an diesem Ansatz wird verdeutlicht, wieso sich die Geschlechterordnung im habitualisierten Alltagshandeln tatsächlich hartnäckig hält und welche unbewussten psychischen Funktionen dieses Doing Gender erfüllt. Die essentialisierenden Denkmuster schließen als Rationalisierung die Kluft zwischen "rhetorischer Modernisierung" (Wetterer) und "Habitus" (Bourdieu).
Inhalt: The common assumption within Gender Studies that gender patterns are undergoing a consistent process towards equalization on the discoursive level (but not on the level of everyday practice) is called into question. While there are demanding elements in the public discourses to flexibilize the limits of one's "gender identity" to acquire new potentials, there also persistently exist essentializing, biologizing and anti-feminist positions. This dualistic character is identifiable in the socialization-theoretical paradigm of "self organization" (Hurrelmann), too. Here gender identity is understood as a cultural and trainable reshaping of a natural potential. By means of a psychoanalytically oriented criticism of this particular approach it is shown why the gender relations of habitualized everyday practice are persistent and which unconscious mental functions this practice of Doing Gender has. The essentialistic patterns are as rationalizations closing the gap between "rhetorical modernization"! (Wetterer) and "habitus" (Bourdieu).
Identifying the barriers to women's agency in domestic violence: the tensions between women's personal experiences and systemic responses
Autor/in:
Aldridge, Jo
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 1 (2013) 1, S 3-12
Inhalt: Despite advances in knowledge and understanding about the impacts of domestic violence on women's lives, global research on violence against women shows there is a need for research that not only places women centre stage in research praxis, but also that involves them more collaboratively in genuine dialogue about their experiences, including their agentic stances. This is especially the case for marginalised and socially excluded women victims of domestic violence, such as those who are not known or do not present to services and who survive abusive relationships alone or with little outside support. Evidence from two studies reported here-secondary analysis of women with severe and enduring mental health problems and a collaborative narrative project with unsupported women victims of domestic violence-suggest that women's capacity for agency are compromised by a number of critical factors, and that these are also reflected in the tensions between micro-macro analyses and understanding of the impact of domestic violence on women. This article considers the barriers to women's agency from the women's perspective and in the context of broader, systemic dynamics, including the denial or obscuring of abuse by governments and states and the consequences of stringent fiscal retrenchment that put women at increased risk of domestic violence.
Credibility assessments as "normative leakage": asylum applications, gender and class
Autor/in:
Wikström, Hanna; Johansson, Thomas
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 1 (2013) 2, S 92-101
Inhalt: Based on the assumption that credibility assessments function as "normative leakage" within the asylum process, we analyse how narratives of gender and class are articulated, rendered meaningful, or silenced in credibility assessments. Two cases concerning male applicants are selected in order to illustrate these processes. In relation to the existing concepts of internal/external credibility, we wish to introduce the concept of social credibility, which focuses on how the assessors read different socio-cultural narratives. While previous research has shown that the postcolonial will to protect women favours women as victims of patriarchal cultures, we wish to point out the continuity of this line of argumentation in relation to male and female applicants by adopting a theoretical generalization: male applicants instead become situated at the other end of the spectrum of postcolonial notions of modernity as non-victims, victims of other circumstances or perpetrators. We argue that these processes are accentuated in relation to credibility assessments. In order to prevent processes of social exclusion and to enhance inclusive practice, authorities need to acknowledge the "normative leakage" associated with the assessment process.
Schlagwörter:woman; soziokulturelle Faktoren; sociocultural factors; Glaubwürdigkeit; credibility; Asylverfahren; asylum procedure; gender; Norm; standard; Bewertung; evaluation; soziale Klasse; social class; Postkolonialismus; post-colonialism; Fallstudie; case study
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, soziale Probleme
Quelle: Politics and Governance, 1 (2013) 2, S 132-137
Inhalt: In this brief analysis, we use a new dataset of two million voter registration records to demonstrate that gender, race, and age do not correlate with political participation in the ways that previous research has shown. Among Blacks and Latinos, women participate at vastly higher rates than men; many Blacks participate at higher rates than Whites; and the relationship between age and participation is both not linear and varies by race and gender. Survey research is unable to capture the true relationship between demographics and participation on account of survey bias and, more importantly, the non-linearity of effects. As a result, theories of participation, like the dominant resources-based models, have been built on faulty premises and tested with inadequate data. Our evidence calls for a renewed effort to understand election participation by utilizing large datasets, by being attentive to linearity assumptions, and by returning to theory.
Schlagwörter:Daten; data; USA; United States of America; Wahl; election; gender; Wähler; voter; Umfrageforschung; survey research; Rasse; race; Alter; old age; Wahlbeteiligung; voter turnout; Demographie; demography
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Kontinuitäten im Wandel: Handlungskoordinationen von Frauenrechtsaktivistinnen in Aceh
Autor/in:
Großmann, Kristina
Quelle: ASEAS - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften, 6 (2013) 1, S 81-101
Inhalt: "Muslimische Aktivistinnen nehmen in Aceh eine wichtige Rolle ein, indem sie soziale und politische Missstände zu beseitigen versuchen und Frauenrechte fördern. Im Aushandlungsprozess ihrer Visionen eines neuen Acehs positionieren sie sich zwischen ihrer persönlichen islamischen Religiosität und acehischen Identität sowie zwischen dem Nationalstaat und internationalen Konventionen. Die Frage nach den Erfahrungen und Einflussfaktoren, die Motive, Ziele, Strategien und Umsetzung frauenrechtlicher Arbeit von Aktivistinnen in Aceh bedingen, steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Artikels. Basierend auf einer 11-monatigen ethnologischen Feldforschung und biographischen Interviews in Aceh, argumentiert die Autorin, dass muslimische Aktivistinnen ihre frauenfördernde Arbeit nicht mit eigenen Erfahrungen der Benachteiligung durch patriarchale Strukturen begründen, sondern die anfängliche Triebfeder in der Betroffenheit, Empathie und Solidarität mit physisch und psychisch versehrten weiblichen Kriegsopfern sehen. Nach steigender Institutionalisierung und Kommerzialisierung von Wiederaufbau- und Entwicklungshilfe nach dem Tsunami 2004 empfinden Aktivistinnen hohe Diskrepanzen zwischen den Zielen der GeldgeberInnen und lokalen Organisationen und plädieren für eine Rückbesinnung auf die Bedürfnisse von Frauen an der Basis." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Muslim women activists in Aceh play a central role in eliminating social and political ills and promoting women's rights. In their visions of a new Aceh, they situate themselves between their Islamic belief and Acehnese identity as well as between the nation state and international conventions. The central question presented in this article relates to experiences and factors which influence the aspirations, goals, strategies, and implementation of women's rights work among women activists in Aceh. Based on an 11-month ethnographic field research and biographic interviews, the author argues that Muslim women activists do not perceive their work for the advancement of women as a result of their own experiences of discrimination by existing patriarchal structures. Rather, the source of their engagement lies within their empathy and solidarity with physically and psychologically suffering female conflict victims. Due to the increasing institutionalization and commodification of reconstruction and development aid after the tsunami of 2004, women activists recognize large discrepancies between the aims of foreign donors and those of local organizations and emphasize a return to women's needs at the grassroot level." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 5 (2013) 6, S 82-90
Inhalt: Objective: To describe and analyze the views of graduates from an institution of higher education on homosexuality. Method: A qualitative, descriptive study, carried out with 11 undergraduate students of courses in nursing and medicine, University Center of Health - UNINOVAFAPI, Teresina-PI. The interview was semi-structured, with a thematic content analysis. Results: Three categories emerged: homosexuality as sexual choice and question of gender; the bias imposed by society and holistic care without discrimination. The study shows that some undergraduates feel they are prepared to care for the homosexual clientele, using as a parameter, the lack of prejudice and the respect for others, points considered important in conducting a consultation. Conclusion: There is a need to invest in the training of teachers in the pursuit of articulated knowledge, capable of reducing the prejudices and prepare future health professionals to lead with this reality.
Sexuality for the ostomized woman: contribution to nursing care
Titelübersetzung:A sexualidade para a mulher estomizada: contribuição para a assistência da enfermagem
Autor/in:
Sousa, Alvaro Francisco Lopes de; Queiroz, Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes; Mourão, Luana Feitosa; Oliveira, Layze Braz de; Marques, Antonio Dean Barbosa; Nascimento, Leidinar Cardoso
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 5 (2013) 6, S 74-81
Inhalt: Objective: To know the meaning assigned to sexuality for stomized women. Method: this is a qualitative study from the perspective of an oral history of life. a total of 10 women enrolled in the lineu araújo integrated health center in teresina-pi, in june 2012. Results: four categories emerged: the meaning of sexuality, the meaning of the experience of sexuality, the meaning of spousal support in the process of acceptance of the stoma and the meaning of being a woman and living with the stoma. sexuality has a plurality of meanings, which in turn are connected to various factors. Conclusion: through knowledge, we could complete and implement care actions that influenced the quality of life and assistance given to the stomized women.
Schlagwörter:woman; Sexualität; sexuality; gender; Pflege; caregiving; Brasilien; Brazil; Lateinamerika; Latin America; Südamerika; South America; Lebensqualität; quality of life; Stoma
SSOAR Kategorie:Medizinsoziologie, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The experience of breast cancer under the perception of women who underwent mastectomy: an analysis held from scientific publications
Titelübersetzung:A vivência do câncer de mama na percepção de mulheres submetidas à mastectomia: uma análise a partir de publicações científicas
Autor/in:
Marinho, Diana da Silva; Costa, Thatiane Pinheiro; Vargens, Octavio Muniz da Costa
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 5 (2013) 5, S 8-19
Inhalt: Objective: to analyze, based on Systematic Literature Review, the perception of women who underwent mastectomy due to breast cancer about their relationship with their social group. Method: it is a descriptive study, which is classified as a Systematic Literature Review, performed in 2010, in which the following steps were conducted: the protocol construction; the definition of the guiding question of the study; the search for studies; the selection of studies; the critical assessment of studies; and the synthesis of data. Ultimately, we have selected 15 papers. Results: in most of the families, due to the situation of the mastectomy, it was verified a great union among the family members and, consequently, a better confrontation of the situation. Nevertheless, it was also verified the existence of family disaggregation, withdrawal of friends, sexual partner or of the woman itself, since there are no understanding and comprehension of the problem. Conclusion: The research has revealed that the dialogue among people who are significant for the woman contributes in the treatment and in the perception about the lived experience.