Predictors of work ability in occupations with psychological stress
Titelübersetzung:Vorhersage der Arbeitsfähigkeit in Berufen mit psychologischem Stress
Autor/in:
Seibt, Reingard; Spitzer, Silvia; Blank, Matthes; Scheuch, Klaus
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 17 (2008) 1, S 9-18
Inhalt: Aim: This study aimed to detect health- and work-related predictors of poor and good work ability in teachers (TE) and office workers (OW). Method: Work ability and its influence factors were analyzed in 100 female TE and 60 female OW aged between 25 and 60 years. The work ability was evaluated with the work ability index questionnaire and the health status with the vitality measurement system®. In addition, cardiac risk factors, burnout risk, as well as the working demands and effort-reward ratio were taken into account. Predictors of work ability were analyzed by using a CHAID analysis. The number of complaints represents the best predictor to divide both occupational groups into subgroups with different work abilities (criterion variable). Results: Poor work ability is caused by many complaints and cardiovascular risk factors. By contrast, excellent work ability is associated with few complaints, the occupation “office workers,” a younger vital functional age, and the absence of burnout symptoms, which means in comparison with OW, TE have a 1.6 times higher risk for impaired work ability. Furthermore, the absence of burnout symptoms is a resource of TE, whereas OWs tend to have a younger vital functional age compared to their calendrical age. Although this analysis is able to explain 61.2% of the influence on impaired work ability, research for further causes must be undertaken. Conclusion: The results reflect the positive effect of a high educational level and a challenging job on the preservation of good work ability. Moreover, they draw the attention to the psychological and psychosocial strains of TE. TEs are exposed more frequently to feeling overstrained; this probably effects a higher retirement rate due to illness.
Changes in secondary pharmacological prevention of acute coronary syndromes and stroke after hospital discharge: a 6-month follow-up study of German primary care patients
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 17 (2008) 1, S 3-7
Inhalt: Aim: This study examined modifications in secondary preventive medication between the time of hospital discharge (HD) and during a 6-month follow-up treatment of outpatients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stroke. Subjects and methods: During a 6-month period, a health diary was completed on a weekly basis by 98 patients who were initially hospitalised with ACS and 29 patients with strokes in the Cologne area (Germany). Changes in medication between the time of HD and follow-up treatment (weeks 2, 12, and 24) were recorded. Results: On average, patients with ACS took six medications, whereas patients with stroke took five medications per day. ACS patients received beta-blockers (96%), lipid-lowering agents (80%), and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (64%) at HD, and no changes in medication were made during follow-up treatment. However, there was a significant decrease in prescriptions of clopidogrel among ACS patients within 6 months, and about 13% of ACS patients did not receive an antiplatelet agent at any time. Stroke patients received beta-blockers (50%), lipid-lowering agents (67%), and antiplatelet agents, such as acetylsalicylic acid (57%) or clopidogrel (27%), at the time of HD, and no significant changes in medication were instituted during follow-up treatment. Conclusion: Treatment of ACS patients with the combination of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel was insufficient, although it has been shown that this combination is highly effective in secondary prevention of ACS. Besides medical reasons, the cost-containment restrictions (“medication budget”) for German physicians might explain the observed failure of guideline-oriented medication. Furthermore, no changes in medications occurred regarding blood-pressure- and lipid-lowering agents.
Die besonderen Lebenslagen von Frauen mit Behinderung im Alter
Titelübersetzung:The special living arrangements of elderly handicapped women
Autor/in:
Strupp, Julia
Quelle: Sozialwissenschaftlicher Fachinformationsdienst soFid, (2008) Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung 2008/2, S 11-21
Inhalt: 'Erstmals erreichen Kohorten lebenslang behinderter Frauen und Männer das Rentenalter, da infolge des Euthanasie-Programms in der NS-Zeit von 1943 bis zum Ende des Regimes im Mai 1945 behinderte Menschen systematisch ermordet wurden. Die Erfahrungen mit älter werdenden und alten behinderten Menschen sind daher noch recht begrenzt. Geschlecht und Alter behalten eine zentrale Bedeutung für die Charakterisierung der Lebenslage behinderter Menschen, eine Mehrfachdiskriminierung behinderter Frauen ist in vielen Lebensbereichen nachweisbar. In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zeigen sich Forschungsdesiderata: besonders Frauen mit Behinderung im Alter werden noch nicht angemessen wahrgenommen, ihre Problemlagen weitestgehend vernachlässigt, dabei ist evident, dass Benachteiligungen behinderter Frauen (und Mädchen) im Lebensverlauf kumulieren und durch die Betrachtung der Dimension Alter an Stärke zunehmen. In diesem Artikel werden die besonderen Bedürfnislagen von Frauen mit Behinderungen im Alter anhand vereinzelter Studien dargestellt. Des Weiteren wird die Relevanz dieser Thematik für die Forschung und Praxis herausgearbeitet.' (Autorenreferat)
Schlagwörter:need; Bedürfnis; gender; discrimination; alter Mensch; Benachteiligung; Behinderung; Behinderter; Alter; Diskriminierung; woman; old age; disability; elderly; handicapped; gender-specific factors; deprivation
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik, Gerontologie, Alterssoziologie
A 'little world of your own': stigma, gender and narratives of venereal disease contact tracing
Autor/in:
Kampf, Antje
Quelle: Health, 12 (2008) 2, S 233-250
Inhalt: As in other countries, in order to protect the public from venereal disease (syphilis and gonorrhoea), contact tracing in New Zealand has been a public health strategy since the mid-20th century. So far, scholars have predominantly focused on the aspect of control of the cases traced. Based on a rare interview with a female contact tracer, together with a range of archival material, this article aims to expand the scholarship by focusing on the tracer instead of the patient. Using Erving Goffman's original concept of 'courtesy stigma', the article will show that his idea can be nuanced to take into account contact tracers and the ways in which this stigma can be refracted through gender. Working as a tracer had a distinct impact on her life and possibly even her marital status, which were compromised by secrecy, stigma, morality and the demands of public health policies — aspects that were, paradoxically, quite similar to those she traced. The courtesy stigma that contact tracers for venereal disease acquired limited their professional options, as well as isolated them in the non-stigmatized social world.
Schlagwörter:Stigma; gender; stigma; Gender; contact tracing; New Zealand; venereal disease
Machtspiele im Krankenhaus: "doing gender" oder "doing profession"?
Titelübersetzung:Power Games in the Hospital—Doing Gender or Doing Profession?
Autor/in:
Sander, Kirsten
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 9 (2008) 1, 15 S
Inhalt: Anhand einer Situationsbeschreibung aus einer ethnographischen Studie wird die Interaktion von Krankenschwestern und Ärzten nach den darin erzeugten Geschlechter- und Professionskonstruktionen untersucht. Für die mikrosoziologische Rekonstruktion der szenischen Beschreibung aus dem Alltag der Zusammenarbeit von Pflege und Medizin werden die von Erving GOFFMAN (1977) entwickelten rahmenanalytischen Konzepte genutzt. Durch eine dem situierten Vollzug der Interaktion folgende Interpretation sollen die von den AkteurInnen wechselseitig wahrgenommenen und dargestellten Handlungen nach ihrer Wirksamkeit für die Hervorbringung von Geschlechter- und Professionsunterscheidungen befragt werden. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Interaktionen von Schwestern und ÄrztInnen zweiseitig gerahmt sind und prinzipiell Wechsel sowie Verknüpfungen von professionellen und geschlechterstereotypisierenden Rahmungen möglich sind. Ausgangspunkt für die beispielhafte Szene aus einer Chefvisite ist die "unklare" Rahmung der Situation. Die Deutungs- und Entscheidungsmacht der Medizin scheint kurzfristig durch die Intervention einer Schwester infrage gestellt zu ein. Durch die von der Schwester angefragte körperliche Selbstpräsentation des männlichen Stationsarztes transformiert die Szene in einen Geschlechterrahmen. Der Chefarzt "klärt den Rahmen" mit einem vieldeutigen Scherz. In der Interpretation wird ausgeführt, dass die besondere körperliche Sichtbarkeit des Arztes eine Inkongruenz zwischen Professions- und Geschlechterrahmen herstellte. Zur Lösung der bereits in der Intervention der Schwester liegenden Rahmenspannung wird das Geschlecht offensiv durch den Chefarzt "ins Spiel" gebracht. Dass es sich um ein "Machtspiel" handelt, wird am Ergebnis des Interaktionsprozesses verdeutlicht: Durch das gemeinsame Lachen der Ärzte werden die Werte und Bestrebungen der Pflegenden und/oder der Frauen disqualifiziert.
Inhalt: This paper discusses findings from a study of inter-professional interaction between doctors and nurses in a surgical ward. The aim of the research is to analyze the construction of gender, profession and hierarchy in the context of the everyday interactions between members of the professions of nursing and medicine in the hospital. Participant observation was undertaken in two medical and two surgical wards in three hospitals. The present paper provides a microanalysis of ethnographic data in which Erving GOFFMAN's "frame analysis" (1974) is used as a central analytical resource. Gender and profession are interpreted as ongoing accomplishments. Stereotyping impacts of gender and profession are discussed as different "frames," which change or are linked in the social situation. In this particular case, an outspoken nurse is shown as she disrupts the frame of the doctor's rounds by displaying the assistant doctor as an embodied male person, thus "keying" the professional frame in a gender frame. The senior doctor "clears the frame" by making an ambiguous joke. I argue that doing subordination and doing domination in nursing and medicine are enacted by such gender displays. The interpretation shows the "doctor-nurse game" (STEIN, 1967) as a gendered power game.
Schlagwörter:Professionalisierung; Arzt; Krankenhaus; power; nurse; interaction; Handlungsspielraum; hospital; professionalization; decision; Krankenschwester; Federal Republic of Germany; Handlungsorientierung; intervention; man; Intervention; scope of action; nursing staff; Stereotyp; Macht; Entscheidung; physician; Pflegepersonal; Doing Gender; stereotype; woman; Mann; doing gender; Interaktion; gender-specific factors; action orientation; Rahmenanalyse; Geschlechterkonstruktion; Medizin-Pflege-Interaktion; Ethnografie; frame analysis; construction of gender; interaction of doctors and nurses; hospital; ethnography
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik