Geschlecht, geschlechtsbezogenes Selbstkonzept und Berufserfolg : Befunde aus einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie mit Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen
Titelübersetzung:The impact of gender and gender-related self-concept on career success : findings from a prospective study
Autor/in:
Abele, Andrea
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, Jg. 34 (2003) H. 3, S. 161-172
Inhalt: "Aus dem Modell des doppelten Einflusses von Geschlecht (Abele, 2000a, 2002) werden Hypothesen zu Geschlecht, geschlechtsbezogenem Selbstkonzept und Berufserfolg abgeleitet und in einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie (BELA-E) getestet. Hochschulabsolventinnen und -absolventen wurden direkt nach ihrem Examen zu ihrer Geschlechtsrollenorientierung (Instrumentalität und Expressivität) sowie zu ihren auf Geschlechtsrollen bezogenen Einstellungen und 18 Monate später zu ihrem bisherigen Berufserfolg (objektives und subjektives Maß) befragt. Hypothesenkonform sagte die Instrumentalität - nicht jedoch die Expressivität - den Berufserfolg voraus. Ebenfalls hypothesenkonform ist der objektive Berufserfolg von Frauen - und hierbei insbesondere von Müttern - unabhängig von Instrumentalität kleiner als der von Männern. Geschlechtsrolleneinstellungen haben keine Auswirkung auf Berufserfolg. Implikationen für das Modell, für die Berufslaufbahnforschung und für die Geschlechterpsychologie werden diskutiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Hypotheses on the influence of sex and gender-related self-concept on career success are derived from the dual impact model of sex and gender (Abele, 2000a, 2002). They are tested in a prospective longitudinal study with university graduates who filled out questionnaires immediately after their graduation and again 18 months later. The gender-related self-concept was operationalized by gender-role orientation (instrumentality and expressiveness) and by gender-role attitudes. Career success was measured by both an objective and a subjective indicator. Confirming the hypotheses, instrumentality, but not expressiveness, predicted objective and subjective career success for both men and women. Women - especially mothers - were less successful than men. The influences of sex and instrumentality were additive. Gender-role attitudes had no impact. Implications of the findings for career psychology and the psychology of gender are discussed." (author's abstract)
Wie kann man mehr junge Frauen für ingenierwissenschaftliche Studiengänge interessieren?
Autor/in:
Stewart, Gerdi
Quelle: Beiträge zur Hochschulforschung, Jg. 25 (2003) H. 4, S. 56-81
Inhalt: "Das Bayerische Staatsinstitut für Hochschulforschung und Hochschulplanung hat eine
Untersuchung durchgeführt, deren Ziel es ist, positive Ansätze zur Förderungder Motivation
von Frauen für die Aufnahme eines ingenieur- oder naturwissenschaftlichen Studiums
aufzuzeigen. Die Untersuchung analysiert Motivation, Studienwahl sowie Studien- und
Berufssituation von Preisträgerinnen, die vom bayerischen Wissenschaftsminister für
ihre hervorragenden Leistungen in ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Studiengängen ausgezeichnet
wurden und damit Vorbilder für eine solche Studienwahl sein können." (Autorenreferat)
Schlagwörter:Studium; Studienwahl; Frauenanteil
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen studierender und berufstätiger junger Erwachsener
Titelübersetzung:Parent-child relationships of young studying and working adults
Autor/in:
Buhl, Heike M.; Wittmann, Simone; Noack, Peter
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie : Organ der Fachgruppen Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs), Jg. 35 (2003) H. 3, S. 144-152
Inhalt: "Die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung im Erwachsenenalter kann in Anlehnung an individuationstheoretische Konzeptionen anhand der übergeordneten Faktoren Verbundenheit und Abgrenzung beschrieben werden. Zugleich postuliert der individuationstheoretische Ansatz Beziehungsdynamik, insbesondere im Bereich der Abgrenzung. Empirische Evidenzen sprechen darüber hinaus für Veränderungen auch im Bereich der Verbundenheit, die oft in Zusammenhang mit biographischen Übergängen beobachtet worden sind. In Weiterführung vorliegender Arbeiten, mit denen vor allem private Übergänge untersucht wurden, ist die Transition in den Beruf Gegenstand der Studie. Dazu wurden Studierende und Berufstätige im frühen Erwachsenenalter sowie nach Möglichkeit beide Eltern befragt. Es nahmen 130 junge Erwachsene (Alter 21 bis 34 Jahre), 114 Mütter (40 bis 73 Jahre) und 89 Väter (43 bis 75 Jahre) teil. Abgrenzung und Verbundenheit wurden jeweils anhand eines Fragebogens hinsichtlich emotionaler, kognitiver und behavioraler Merkmale erfasst. In den Angaben der Kinder, nicht aber in denen der Eltern, zeigen sich Unterschiede zwischen Studierenden und Berufstätigen, die sich als weniger verbunden und stärker abgegrenzt beschreiben. Es finden sich Generationen- und Geschlechtsunterschiede, letztere besonders zwischen Müttern und Vätern. Die Ergebnisse werden als Erweiterung individuationstheoretischer Arbeiten diskutiert." (Autorenreferat, ZPID)
Inhalt: "In line with individuation theory, the parent-child relationship in adulthood can be described with reference to two main factors, connectedness, and separateness. Individuation theory also postulates that the relationship in dynamic, especially in the area of separateness. In addition, empirical evidence has shown that changes in the area of connectedness are often related to particular life transitions. Building on existing work that has been focussing on personal life transitions, this article deals specifically with the school-to-work transition. To this end, university students and employed young adults (and both parents, where possible) completed a questionnaire to assess connectedness and separateness with regard to emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects. The final sample comprised 130 young adults (21-34 years), 114 mothers (40-73 years), and 89 fathers (43-75 years). The responses of the young people (but not those of the parents) indicated differences, whereby the young employed adults showed lower levels of connectedness and higher levels of separateness than their student counterparts. Intergenerational and gender differences, especially between mothers and fathers, were also found. Results are discussed as an extension of other individuation theory studies." (author's abstract, ZPID)
Intending to stay : images of scientists, attitudes toward women, and gender as influences on persistence among science and engineering majors
Autor/in:
Wyer, Mary
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 1, S. 1-16
Inhalt: "Contemporary research on gender and persistence in undergraduate education in science and engineering has routinely focused on why students leave their majors rather than asking why students stay. This study compared three common ways of measuring persistence-commitment to major, degree aspirations, and commitment to a science or engineering career-and emphasized factors that would encourage students to persist, including positive images of scientists and engineers, positive attitudes toward gender equity in science and engineering, and positive classroom experiences. A survey was administered in classrooms to a total of 285 female and male students enrolled in two required courses for majors. The results indicate that the different measures of persistence were sensitive to different influences but that students' gender did not interact with their images, attitudes, and experiences in predicted ways. The study concludes that an individual student's gender may be a more important factor in explaining why some female students leave their science and engineering majors than in explaining why others stay." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Science experiences among female athletes : race makes a difference
Autor/in:
Hanson, Sandra L.; Kraus, Rebecca S.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 3-4, S. 287-323
Inhalt: "Sport participation is increasingly seen as a resource with considerable physical, social, and academic benefits. As a new millennium begins with girls more visible in sport, an important question is whether all girls reap these benefits. Although general academic benefits of sport have been shown, the authors' earlier work showed that experience in the male sport domain benefits young women in the elite (often male) science curriculum. Competition, self-esteem, and other individual resources gained through sport are potential sources of success in the similarly competitive male realm of science. In this research, the authors used critical feminist theory to guide their examination of racial and ethnic variations in the relation between sport participation and science experiences for young women. Data from the nationally representative National Education Longitudinal Study were used to explore the impact of sport participation in the 8th and 10th grades on 10th grade science achievement (measured by science grades and standardized test scores) and course taking for African American, Hispanic, and White women. The findings revealed that sport participation has some positive consequences for the science experiences of each of the groups of women. It also has some negative consequences, although the positive consequences outnumber the negative consequences for Hispanic and White, but not African American, women. Sport in 10th grade, especially competitive varsity sport, is most likely to have positive consequences. The findings revealed that each of the groups experiences different routes to success in science, and sport participation is present at some level in each of these routes. A consideration of multiple areas of science experience is important for understanding the connections between race and ethnicity, sport, and science for young women. Unique sociocultural contexts are used to attempt to understand these findings, and implications are discussed." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Studium und Studierende
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The gender and science digital library : affecting student achievement in science
Autor/in:
Nair, Sarita
Quelle: Knowledge quest : journal of the American Association of School Librarians, Vol. 31 (2003) No. 3, S. 28-29
Inhalt: Describes the Gender and Science Digital Library (GSDL), an online collection of high-quality, interactive science resources that are gender-fair, inclusive, and engaging to students. Considers use by teachers and school library media specialists to encourage girls to enter careers in science, technology, engineering, and math.
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Studium und Studierende
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender differences in graduate students' perspectives on the culture of science
Autor/in:
Ferreira, Maria M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 2, S. 119-135
Inhalt: "In this study, gender differences in graduate students' perspectives on the culture of science were examined in two graduate departments (biology and chemistry) at a large research university. Data from a survey questionnaire from 170 students and interviews with 32 of them indicated that the culture of science as experienced by the participants of this study was characterized by competition, a narrow focus, and a belief in objectivity. These perspectives were particularly common among the female students, who also perceived a role conflict between a successful career in science and having a family. The study shows that although women have greater access to careers in science, the culture of the scientific enterprise continues to be based on the masculine ideals of 17th-century England." (author's abstract)