‘You must aim high’ - ‘No, I never felt like a woman’: women and men making sense of non-standard trajectories into higher education
Autor/in:
González Ramos, Ana M.; Räthzel, Nora
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 17 S
Inhalt: It is no secret that the ‘glass ceiling’ preventing women advancing to leadership positions exists in academia as well. Spain is no exception. Gender relations are usually investigated independently of other power relations like class and ethnicity. In our sample (80 men and women in different academic institutions across Spain) we found that not only women but also men from working class backgrounds have difficulties making successful academic careers. Therefore, we use an intersectional approach to investigate the relationship between gender and class. Comparing two life-histories, we explore what strategies individuals employ to overcome the barriers with which they are confronted. We present the stories of a woman with a middle class but non-academic background and of a man with a working-class background. Their strategies can be understood as the result of specific individual trajectories under specific societal conditions, but they also illustrate the barriers and possibilities men and women with non-standard backgrounds encounter in academia. Analysing successful strategies as well as their limitations, we aim to provide perspectives that might contribute to changing the culture of hegemonic masculinities in academia.
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Inhalt: Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen des WZB teilen einige ihrer Erfahrungen als Frauen in der Wissenschaft. Sie beschreiben Geschlechterdiskriminierung im wissenschaftlichen Publikationsprozess und in der Lehrevaluation, gehen der Frage nach, ob es „Quotenfrauen“ gibt, und befassen sich mit den Erfahrungen von women of color im Wissenschaftsbetrieb. Sie enden mit einem Aufruf an Frauen, sich gegenseitig den Rücken zu stärken und an Männer, Geschlechterdiskriminierung nicht als „Frauenthema“ zu betrachten.
Schlagwörter:Diskriminierung; Geschlechterdiskriminierung; people of color; Rassismus; Sexismus; Wissenschaft
Word embeddings quantify 100 years of gender and ethnic stereotypes
Autor/in:
Garg, Nikhil; Schiebinger, Londa; Jurafsky, Dan; Zou, James
Quelle: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115 (2018) 16, E3635‐E3644 S
Inhalt: Word embeddings are a popular machine-learning method that represents each English word by a vector, such that the geometry between these vectors captures semantic relations between the corresponding words. We demonstrate that word embeddings can be used as a powerful tool to quantify historical trends and social change. As specific applications, we develop metrics based on word embeddings to characterize how gender stereotypes and attitudes toward ethnic minorities in the United States evolved during the 20th and 21st centuries starting from 1910. Our framework opens up a fruitful intersection between machine learning and quantitative social science.Word embeddings are a powerful machine-learning framework that represents each English word by a vector. The geometric relationship between these vectors captures meaningful semantic relationships between the corresponding words. In this paper, we develop a framework to demonstrate how the temporal dynamics of the embedding helps to quantify changes in stereotypes and attitudes toward women and ethnic minorities in the 20th and 21st centuries in the United States. We integrate word embeddings trained on 100 y of text data with the US Census to show that changes in the embedding track closely with demographic and occupation shifts over time. The embedding captures societal shifts\textemdashand also illuminates how specific adjectives and occupations became more closely associated with certain populations over time. Our framework for temporal analysis of word embedding opens up a fruitful intersection between machine learning and quantitative social science.
Black Women, Academe, and the Tenure Process in the United States and the Caribbean
Autor/in:
Esnard, Talia; Cobb-Roberts, Deirdre
Quelle: Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. 520 S
Inhalt: Chapter 1. The Stony Road We Trod: Black Women, Education, and Tenure -- Chapter 2. Changing Educational Landscapes: the Challenge of Academic Capitalism -- Chapter 3. Experiences of Black Women in academe: A comparative analysis -- Chapter 4. Black Women in Higher Education: Towards Comparative Intersectionality -- Chapter 5. Comparative Intersectionality: An Intra-Categorical Approach -- Chapter 6. Black Women in Academe: A Duo-Ethnography -- Chapter 7. Experiences of Black women in the Caribbean Academy -- Chapter 8. Afro-Caribbean women in the US Academy -- Chapter 9. Still We Rise: Struggle, Strength, Survival, and Success
This book explores the meanings, experiences, and challenges faced by Black women faculty that are either on the tenure track or have earned tenure. The authors advance the notion of comparative intersectionality to tease through the contextual peculiarities and commonalities that define their identities as Black women and their experiences with tenure and promotion across the two geographical spaces. By so doing, it works through a comparative treatment of existing social (in)equalities, educational (dis)parities, and (in)justices in the promotion and retention of Black women academics. Such interpretative examinations offer important insights into how Black women’s subjugated knowledge and experiences continue to be suppressed within mainstream structures of power and how they are negotiated across contexts
Schlagwörter:Akademische Karriere; Geschlechterverhältnis; Hochschule; Intersektionalität; Karibik; people of color; Professur; soziale Ungleichheit; Tenure Track; USA