When the Personal Is Always Political: Norwegian Muslims' Arguments for Women's Rights
Autor/in:
Helseth, Hannah
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 59-66
Details
Inhalt: For almost two decades, the public debate about Islam in Western Europe has been dominated by concerns about the lack of gender equality in the racialized Muslim population. There has been a tendency to victimize "the Muslim woman" rather than to encourage Muslim women’s participation in the public debate about their lives. This contribution to the study of discourses on Muslim women is an analysis of arguments written by Muslims about women’s rights. The data consists of 239 texts written by self-defined Muslims in major Norwegian newspapers about women’s rights. I will discuss two findings from the study. The first is an appeal to be personal when discussing issues of domestic violence and racism is combined with an implicit and explicit demand to represent all Muslims in order to get published in newspapers - which creates an ethno-religious threshold for participation in the public debate. The second finding is that, across different positions and different religious affiliations, from conservative to nearly secular, and across the timeline, from 2000 to 2012, there is a dominant understanding of women's rights as individual autonomy. These findings will be discussed from different theoretical perspectives to explore how arguments for individual autonomy can both challenge and amplify neoliberal agendas.
Schlagwörter:Arendt, H.; Arendt, H.; Feminismus; feminism; Individualismus; individualism; Neoliberalismus; neoliberalism; Islam; Islam; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Menschenrechte; human rights; woman; Muslim; Muslim; Europa; Europe; Norwegen; Norway; Brown, W.; public debate; traditional media; women’s rights
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Religionssoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Re-thinking Fatherhood in Context
Autor/in:
Boeckmann, Irene
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 25 (2016) 2, S 104-112
Details
Schlagwörter:Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; USA; United States of America; Europa; Europe; Gehalt; salary; Einkommensunterschied; difference in income; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; berufstätige Frau; working woman; Vaterschaft; fatherhood
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Arbeitsmarktforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Designing gender-equalizing parental leave schemes - what can we learn from recent empirical evidence from Europe?
Titelübersetzung:Eine geschlechtergerechte Ausgestaltung von Elternzeitpolitik in Europa - was können wir aus den jüngsten empirischen Befunden aus verschiedenen europäischen Ländern lernen?
Autor/in:
Dearing, Helene
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 28 (2016) 1, S 39-64
Details
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag erarbeitet eine systematische Literaturanalyse jener empirisch-quantitativen Literatur, die sich mit dem Einfluss von Elternzeit auf eine ausgeglichene Arbeitsaufteilung zwischen Frauen und Männern beschäftigt. Dabei werden jene Studien untersucht, welche 1. Daten aus Europa heranziehen, 2. zwischen Januar 2000 und Mai 2014 durchgeführt, 3. in referierten Zeitschriften publiziert und 4. auf Englisch oder Deutsch verfasst wurden. Die Analyse des Materials erlaubt es, jene Merkmale eines Elternzeitmodells zu identifizieren, welche besonders relevant für eine gleiche Arbeitsaufteilung zwischen Männern und Frauen sind. Erstens ist die Bereitstellung einer mittleren Dauer von Elternzeit besonders wichtig, um die Integration von Frauen auf den Erwerbsarbeitsmarkt zu fördern. Zweitens hat besonders die Einführung eines Elternzeitanspruchs alleine für Väter eine positive Auswirkung auf deren Beteiligung im Bereich der unbezahlten Familienarbeit. Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass sich der Effekt von Elternzeit auf Frauen in der Erwerbsarbeit je nach dem Bildungs- und Einkommensniveau unterschiedlich gestalten kann." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article conducts a systematic review exploring the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour. The reviewed material encompasses quantitative empirical articles that study the effect of a variation in leave policies on mothers’ integration into the labour market and on fathers’ engagement in family work. The analysis focuses on studies that were (i) conducted between January 2000 and May 2014, (ii) conducted in European countries, (iii) published in peer-reviewed journals and (iv) written in English or German. The analysis suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant in designing genderequalizing parental leave schemes. With regard to the effects of leave on mothers’ employment, it seems crucial that the duration of leave and payments provided is of a moderate length. With regard to the effects of leave on fathers’ engagement in family work, it seems most important to provide leave that is explicitly reserved for fathers. In addition, studies consistently find that leave policies affect women very differently with regard to their levels of education and income." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Mutterschaft; motherhood; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; Elternurlaub; parental leave; Elterngeld; family allowance; Familienarbeit; family work; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; gender-specific factors; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Familienpolitik; family policy; Europa; Europe
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Re-thinking Fatherhood in Context
Autor/in:
Boeckmann, Irene
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 25 (2016) 2, S 104-112
Details
Schlagwörter:Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; gender-specific factors; USA; United States of America; Europa; Europe; Gehalt; salary; Einkommensunterschied; difference in income; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; berufstätige Frau; working woman; Vaterschaft; fatherhood
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Arbeitsmarktforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Von der eingetragenen Lebenspartnerschaft über die
"Homo-Ehe" zur "Mariage pour tous" - die Gleichstellung homosexueller Paare in Europa
Autor/in:
Henkel, Eva
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 22 (2013) 2, S 132-135
Details
Schlagwörter:homosexuality; Ehe; marriage; Gleichstellung; Europe; France; Federal Republic of Germany; Großbritannien; Frankreich; Lebensgemeinschaft; legal claim; Europa; cohabitation; Great Britain; affirmative action; adoption; Adoption; Rechtsanspruch; Homosexualität
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the first "YES"
Autor/in:
Toulemon, Laurent
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 179-200
Details
Inhalt: "Together with three colleagues, the author has been asked by the MPIDR to debate
the following question: 'Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing
for gender equality to raise fertility?' Setting aside the 'lighthearted' side of
this 'Rostocker Debate', (12 minutes for each speech, one minute for each comment),
the author saws this as a good opportunity to think about the stakes behind the question.
In order to address this complex issue, it is necessary to think about the many 'preliminary
questions' that we have to ponder before responding: Why should fertility be raised?
Are political measures legitimate? Are they efficient? On what basis are we qualified
to give 'expert' opinions on such a topic? When the question comes to the fore, we
as scholars are sometimes asked to provide an answer. It would, of course, be more
comfortable not to answer, but our interlocutors (politicians, journalists, teachers,
and also funding agencies) often want a definite response one way or the other. Even
though our position may be a matter of politics as well as a matter of science, we
must give an answer. The empirical evidence shows that European countries where gender
inequality is lower are also the countries where fertility is the highest. This is
the evidence-based response that we can give to that question. European countries
need to find a new equilibrium after the end of the baby boom period, when gender
equality was very low. In all countries, the empowerment of women is underway, thanks
to the economic independence given by work-related income. Increasing gender equality
is an efficient way to reduce the opportunity costs of having and raising children,
and thus to increase fertility. Finally, 'pushing for gender equality' may have many
positive effects other than raising fertility, and has few negative side effects.
Gender equality is thus a convenient political aim per se; an institutional goal which
leaves many political questions open. So, yes, we agree that governments in Europe
should be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility!" (author's
abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Europa; Bevölkerungspolitik; Gleichstellung; Fruchtbarkeit; Einfluss; Auswirkung; Empowerment; Gleichgewicht; Politik; Ziel; Familie; institutionelle Faktoren
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the first "NO"
Autor/in:
Philipov, Dimiter
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 201-216
Details
Inhalt: "This paper takes the 'no' side in the debate on the question posed in the title.
The paper assumes that the dual-earner/ dual-carer household model is the most likely
aim of policies that push aggressively for gender equality in order to raise fertility.
Five objections are discussed: the model does not necessarily lead to a fertility
increase; aggressiveness will lead to an imbalance of labor supply and demand, and
is likely to confront slowly changing cultural norms; similar policies will also confront
the issue of innate gender differences; and country idiosyncrasies prevent the application
of a unified policy approach. The paper briefly concludes that compatible gender-neutral
family policies and fertility-neutral gender policies are likely to lead to an increase
in fertility." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Europa; Bevölkerungspolitik; Gleichstellung; Fruchtbarkeit; Privathaushalt; Beschäftigung; Modell; Diskussion; Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsangebot; Arbeitsnachfrage; kulturelle Faktoren; Familienpolitik; Hausarbeit; Dual Career Couple
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik, Europa und Internationales, Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to
raise fertility? : the second "YES"
Autor/in:
Oláh, Livia Sz.
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 217-224
Details
Inhalt: "This paper is based on the authoress's contribution to a debate, organized by MPIDR,
on the question displayed in the title above. She was asked to present arguments for
the 'yes'-response (together with Laurent Toulemon, and arguing against the 'no'-side
represented by Gerda Neyer and Dimiter Philipov). As pointed out in the paper, the
most important theoretical reasoning relevant for this question is the gender equity
theory. A number of studies provide sound empirical support to it, as discussed in
the paper in details, and thereby also a rationale for a positive impact of increased
gender equality on fertility. As the dual-earner family is here to stay, and given
the well-known negative consequences of long-term very low fertility for a society,
pushing for gender equality seems to be a reasonable strategy to be considered aiming
for sustainable societal development." (author's abstract)|
Schlagwörter:Europa; Bevölkerungspolitik; Geschlechterpolitik; Familienpolitik; Gleichstellung; Einfluss; Fruchtbarkeit; Gesellschaft; nachhaltige Entwicklung; demographische Alterung
CEWS Kategorie:Gleichstellungspolitik, Europa und Internationales, Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the first "YES"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : die Antwort ist "ja"
Autor/in:
Toulemon, Laurent
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 179-200
Details
Inhalt: "Together with three colleagues, the author has been asked by the MPIDR to debate the following question: 'Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility?' Setting aside the 'lighthearted' side of this 'Rostocker Debate', (12 minutes for each speech, one minute for each comment), the author saws this as a good opportunity to think about the stakes behind the question. In order to address this complex issue, it is necessary to think about the many 'preliminary questions' that we have to ponder before responding: Why should fertility be raised? Are political measures legitimate? Are they efficient? On what basis are we qualified to give 'expert' opinions on such a topic? When the question comes to the fore, we as scholars are sometimes asked to provide an answer. It would, of course, be more comfortable not to answer, but our interlocutors (politicians, journalists, teachers, and also funding agencies) often want a definite response one way or the other. Even though our position may be a matter of politics as well as a matter of science, we must give an answer. The empirical evidence shows that European countries where gender inequality is lower are also the countries where fertility is the highest. This is the evidence-based response that we can give to that question. European countries need to find a new equilibrium after the end of the baby boom period, when gender equality was very low. In all countries, the empowerment of women is underway, thanks to the economic independence given by work-related income. Increasing gender equality is an efficient way to reduce the opportunity costs of having and raising children, and thus to increase fertility. Finally, 'pushing for gender equality' may have many positive effects other than raising fertility, and has few negative side effects. Gender equality is thus a convenient political aim per se; an institutional goal which leaves many political questions open. So, yes, we agree that governments in Europe should be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility!" (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Europa; Bevölkerungspolitik; Gleichstellung; Fruchtbarkeit; Einfluss; Auswirkung; Empowerment; Gleichgewicht; Politik; Ziel; Familie; institutionelle Faktoren
CEWS Kategorie:Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen, Gleichstellungspolitik, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Should governments in Europe be more aggressive in pushing for gender equality to raise fertility? : the first "NO"
Titelübersetzung:Sollen die Regierungen in Europa mehr für die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter tun, um die Fruchtbarkeit zu erhöhen? : die Antwort ist "nein"
Autor/in:
Philipov, Dimiter
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 24 (2011) , S. 201-216
Details
Inhalt: "This paper takes the 'no' side in the debate on the question posed in the title. The paper assumes that the dual-earner/ dual-carer household model is the most likely aim of policies that push aggressively for gender equality in order to raise fertility. Five objections are discussed: the model does not necessarily lead to a fertility increase; aggressiveness will lead to an imbalance of labor supply and demand, and is likely to confront slowly changing cultural norms; similar policies will also confront the issue of innate gender differences; and country idiosyncrasies prevent the application of a unified policy approach. The paper briefly concludes that compatible gender-neutral family policies and fertility-neutral gender policies are likely to lead to an increase in fertility." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Europa; Bevölkerungspolitik; Gleichstellung; Fruchtbarkeit; Privathaushalt; Beschäftigung; Modell; Diskussion; Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsangebot; Arbeitsnachfrage; kulturelle Faktoren; Familienpolitik; Hausarbeit; Dual Career Couple
CEWS Kategorie:Demographie und Bevölkerungsfragen, Europa und Internationales, Gleichstellungspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz