Health care search by adult women in emergency care services
Titelübersetzung:A busca de assistência à saúde em serviços de pronto atendimento por mulheres adultas
Autor/in:
Bega, Aline Gabriela; Peruzzo, Hellen Emília; Lopes, Ana Patrícia Araújo Torquato; Dutra, Amanda Carvalho; Decesaro, Maria das Neves; Marcon, Sonia Silva
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 9 (2017) 1, S 1-14
Inhalt: Objective: To know women’s health behavior and their reason to seek for care in an emergency service.
Methods: Descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study done with 18 women who were attended in a
municipal emergency unit in the northwest of Paraná. These data were collected in November of 2015 with
a semi-structured interview and subjected to content analysis, in thematic modality. Results: Two empirical
categories were identified: “Women behaviors before health complications” shows that the initial conduct of
women in situations of illness is self-medication and postponement to seek health services; and “reasons to seek
emergency care service”, which shows that the demand for this level of service is driven by the perception of
better resolution, effectiveness and agility, as well as proximity to home. Conclusion: It is common for women
to delay seeking treatment because of gender-related responsibilities, and when they do it, they prefer to choose
more resolute services.
Schlagwörter:woman; Gesundheitsverhalten; health behavior; Gesundheitsversorgung; health care; ambulante Versorgung; outpatient care; Nachfrage; demand; Gesundheitsdienst; public health services; Professionalisierung; professionalization; Brasilien; Brazil; Südamerika; South America
Inhalt: Hintergrund: Es ist bekannt, dass Angebote für Familien mit kleinen Kindern nicht alle Eltern gleichermaßen erreichen. Oft sind es gerade diejenigen Familien, die aufgrund erhöhter Belastungen am meisten von den Angeboten profitieren könnten, die nicht erreicht werden (Präventionsdilemma). Ziel: Es wird der Frage nachgegangen, ob Eltern sich anhand ihrer Einstellung zu Gesundheit, Prävention und Angeboten für Familien unterscheiden lassen und inwiefern die Zugehörigkeit zu einer anhand der Einstellung identifizierten Gruppe Einfluss auf die Nutzung von Angeboten (der primären und sekundären Prävention) rund um Schwangerschaft und Geburt hat. Methoden: Eltern von Kindern im Alter von zwei bis vier Jahren (N=273) füllten im Rahmen von Hausbesuchen einen standardisierten Fragebogen aus; 203 Eltern nahmen zusätzlich an qualitativen Interviews teil.
Ergebnisse: Eltern unterschiedlicher sozialer Milieus konnten anhand der Interviews in Gruppen mit niedriger und hoher "Steuerungskompetenz" eingeteilt werden. Eltern mit hoher und niedriger Steuerungskompetenz unterscheiden sich bei der Kenntnis und Inanspruchnahme von und Zufriedenheit mit Angeboten für Familien; insbesondere Angeboten der primären Prävention. Steuerungskompetenz leistet - über soziodemografische Kontrollvariablen und Belastungsfaktoren hinaus - einen erklärenden Beitrag zur Inanspruchnahme von Angeboten der primären Prävention. Die Inanspruchnahme von Angeboten der sekundären Prävention wird eher von verschiedenen Belastungsfaktoren vorhergesagt. Diskussion: Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf ungenutzte Angebote und Möglichkeiten einer zielgruppenorientierten Ansprache diskutiert.
Inhalt: Background: It is well established that preventive measures for pregnant women and families with small children do not reach all families alike. Often enough, it is those families, who due to heightened stresses and strains might gain the most from these measures, who cannot be reached (dilemma of prevention). Goal: This investigation explores whether parents can be grouped according to their views on health, prevention and measures available to young families, and whether belonging to one of the identified groups explains differences in the use of (primary and secondary) preventive measures for pregnant women and young families. Method: In the context of home visits, parents of children aged two to four years (N=273) completed questionnaires. Additionally, 203 parents took part in qualitative interviews. Results and discussion: Based on interview data, parents from different sociocultural backgrounds could be grouped along their expected ability to control sources for parental support (Steuerungskompetenz). Parents high and low in Steuerungskompetenz differ regarding their knowledge of, use of, and satisfaction with (primary) preventive measures. Steuerungskompetenz explains the use of primary preventive measures above and beyond socioeconomic control variables as well as family stresses and strains. The use of secondary preventive measures is better explained by family stresses and strains. Results are discussed in terms of untapped services, needs and possibilities of target group-oriented approach.
Schlagwörter:Familienhilfe; family allowance; Erziehungshilfe; youth assistance; frühkindliche Erziehung; early childhood education and care; Prävention; prevention; Gesundheitsverhalten; health behavior; Schwangerschaft; pregnancy; Beratung; counseling; Inanspruchnahme; recourse; sozioökonomische Faktoren; socioeconomic factors; soziokulturelle Faktoren; sociocultural factors; Selbstwirksamkeit; self-efficacy; Eltern; parents; Kompetenz; competence; psychosoziale Versorgung; psychosocial care; Federal Republic of Germany; Frühe Hilfen
Patterns of changes in men's health from demographic indicators and epidemiologic
Titelübersetzung:Patrones de cambios en la salud de los hombres de indicadores demográfica y epidemiológica
Autor/in:
Santos, Vanessa Cruz; Santos, Mayra Gomes; Vilela, Alba Benemérita Alves; Nery, Adriana Alves; Casotti, Cezar Augusto; Boery, Eduardo Nagib
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 7 (2015) 2, S 2569-2581
Inhalt: Objective: to analyze patterns of change on human health in the period 2006 to 2010 through demographic and epidemiological indicators. Method: an epidemiological study, descriptive subsidized on data from the Department of Computer Science of SUS (DATASUS) of the Ministry of Health, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and Integrated System of Penitentiary Information, in the period 2006 to 2010. For the tables and data analysis tools developed by DATASUS were used - TabWin and TabNet, besides the program Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: among the indicators of morbidity and mortality, the result from external causes in all kinds were growing in the studied years and higher in males population compared to female. Conclusion: the health problems most prevalent in the male population are preventable, then, health education can contribute in changing the behavioral and cultural profile of this population, which has negative consequences to their health.
Schlagwörter:Gesundheit; health; Epidemiologie; epidemiology; demographische Faktoren; demographic factors; Gesundheitspolitik; health policy; gender; woman; Mann; man; Vergleich; comparison; Sterblichkeit; mortality; Krankheit; illness; Gesundheitserziehung; health education; Gesundheitsverhalten; health behavior; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors
SSOAR Kategorie:Jugendsoziologie, Soziologie der Kindheit, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 18 (2010) 4, S 403-411
Inhalt: Aim: The first goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of different health risk behaviours among Romanian young people. Next, the interrelationship between different health risk behaviours as well as age and gender differences with respect to health risk behaviours were examined. Subjects and methods: Self-administered questionnaires were completed by a sample of 1,598 junior high school students, senior high school students and university students from urban and rural areas of two counties of Romania. Results: The results showed that 31% of junior high school students, 59.7% of senior high school students and 64.8% of university students reported more than one risk behaviour. Many of the risk behaviours were likely to correlate with each other and the strongest correlation was found between smoking, alcohol-related behaviour and precocious sexual intercourse. Factor analysis revealed that among junior high school students all health risk behaviours loaded on one factor. In senior high school students and university students the risk behaviours split into two factors, based probably on their frequency and severity. Factor 1 comprised smoking, alcohol-related behaviours as well as precocious sexual intercourse, while factor 2 included less common behaviours: violence, delinquency and illicit drug use. No gender differences were observed regarding the relationship between health risk behaviours. Conclusion: The results stress the importance of developing prevention programmes among Romanian youth for the behaviours discussed. Further research is needed to identify how to best offer these programmes: as stand-alone programmes or as an integrated set of programmes and whether the same approach has to be taken for younger and older adolescents.
Schlagwörter:Drogenkonsum; drug use; Gesundheit; female pupil; Student; student; Prävention; tobacco consumption; Sexualverhalten; Tabakkonsum; pupil; prevention; Gesundheitspolitik; Romania; Jugendlicher; sex behavior; alcohol consumption; Schülerin; Rumänien; Risikoverhalten; Schüler; health policy; Gesundheitsverhalten; gender; adolescent; health education; Alkoholkonsum; Gesundheitserziehung; risk behavior; health behavior; health; Health risk behaviours; Romanian adolescents; Health education
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen Sekundarstufe I, Medizinsoziologie, Gesundheitspolitik, Bildungswesen Sekundarstufe II
Attitudinal and socio-structural determinants of cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination uptake: a quantitative multivariate analysis
Titelübersetzung:Einstellung und soziostrukturelle Determinanten zu Gebärmutterkrebs-Screening und HP-Virus-Schutzimpfung: eine quantitativ-multivariate Analyse
Quelle: Journal of Public Health, 18 (2010) 2, S 179-188
Inhalt: Aim: The introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine enables for the first time in the history of cancer prevention the possibility of combating the major cause of a cancer even before its onset. The secondary prevention measure of cervical cancer screening has thus been complemented by a primary prevention measure. The aim of this study is to analyse the determinants of uptake of preventive measures against cervical cancer as a basis for comparing the determinants of screening attendance with those of HPV vaccination attendance. Subject and methods: A population-based representative survey comprising 760 randomly selected women aged 14 to 65 was performed in the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Prevention behaviour, attitudes towards cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination, and knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV were investigated by means of a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the determinants of screening and HPV vaccine uptake. Results: Attendance both at screening and at HPV vaccination was best predicted by attitudinal factors. Positive connotations of cancer prevention measures and utility expectations, fear of cancer and high subjective risk perception were conducive to attendance at screening and HPV vaccination. Screening attendance was less regular among women of lower socioeconomic status. In contrast, HPV vaccination uptake was higher for young women with lower educational attainment and lower social class. Knowledge did not impact prevention behaviour significantly. There is no trade-off between screening and vaccination attendance; the vast majority of respondents was aware of the necessity of regular screening attendance even when vaccinated against HPV. Conclusions: Uptake rates for existing primary and secondary prevention measures against cervical cancer can be enhanced by fostering perceptions of utility and positive connotations of regular screening and becoming vaccinated against HPV. Elderly women in particular should be encouraged to attend screening by means of a recall system. Given the low overall level of knowledge about cervical cancer and its risk factors, there is a need for education about the necessity and utility of prevention to reach women of all social classes.
Schlagwörter:Gesundheit; vaccination; Prävention; risk; cancer; determinants; preventive medical examination; prevention; sozioökonomische Faktoren; Federal Republic of Germany; Vorsorgeuntersuchung; Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania; Gesundheitsvorsorge; Gesundheitsverhalten; knowledge; attitude; Risiko; health care; Krankheit; socioeconomic factors; woman; Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; Krebs; Impfung; Determinanten; health behavior; Risikoabschätzung; health; illness; Wissen; risk assessment; Einstellung; Cervical cancer prevention; Cervical screening; HPV vaccination; Attitudes; Socio-structural determinants; soziostrukturelle Faktoren