The Migration of Career-Starter Hungarian Graduate Women to the Countries of the European Union
Autor/in:
Czibere, Ibolya; Schranz, Edit
Quelle: Social Sciences, 9 (2020) 5, S 1-19
Inhalt: In our paper, we present the reasons for and characteristics of the increasing migration of graduate women, mostly undertaken alone. In Hungary, in the context of the acceleration of migration experienced after 2010, two phenomena can be observed: (1) Due to positive selection a high proportion of well-trained young graduates have moved to live abroad; (2) over the past few years, a higher proportion of those migrating for work have been female graduates in their maternity age. Thus, not only is the process of weakening of the male dominance among the emigrants clearly perceptible, but a Hungary-related version of the feminization of the brain drain phenomenon due to the labor market demand of the host countries is also evolving. In this study, we examine the motivations of graduate women to work abroad and the success of their integration. Our qualitative study examines motivations for migration among college graduate females, who are just starting their career. We have explored social forces that influence emigration among the highest educated. We have also studied integration and assimilation strategies among Hungarian women working in the European Union. Our findings contribute to and extend research that focuses on push and pull factors in migration, as well as the interpretation of gender differences in migration, especially among the highest educated.
Schlagwörter:Mikrozensus; microcensus; Auslandstätigkeit; work abroad; Migration; migration; woman; Arbeitsmigration; labor migration; Brain Drain; brain drain; EU; EU; Ungar; Hungarian; Abwanderung; out-migration; Fachkraft; specialist; feminization of brain drain; causes of migration
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Arbeitsmarktforschung
Quelle: Indian Journal of Youth and Adolescent Health, 3 (2016) 4, S 8-21
Inhalt: Migrant adolescent girls in India’s fast-growing urban-slum population face multiple intersecting vulnerabilities,
including gender, poverty and migrant-status.
The study aims to understand the opportunities and challenges for migrant adolescent girls in low-income urban
slum settings.
Qualitative data were collected through interviews with girls aged 12-19 who migrated during the past two years
and non-migrant adolescent girls for comparison to explore their experiences in fast-growing Indore. A groupinterview with slum women’s group members discussedways to address challenges.
Push/pull factors linked with different employment/educational opportunities between rural and urban areas
motivated families of unmarried girls to migrate. Recently married girls joined city-based families or accompanied
husbands who were labor migrants. Neither married nor unmarried girls played decision-making roles in
migration.
Married migrant adolescent girls faced challenges in accessing education, employment, social opportunities and
services owing to restrictions on freedom of movement, weak social networks, and little awareness of
opportunities and services. Childbearing migrant girls faced particular risks. Contact with their natal families being
limited, the quality of relationship with husbands and marital families was crucial for married girls’well-being.
Unmarried girls attending schools were positive about the migration experience, perceiving the city to offer
greater educational opportunities. Through school, they accessed opportunities for new relationships and social
activities. Not all unmarried adolescent-girls wereable to access opportunities owing to family restrictions and
economic circumstances. These girls’ worlds remained small despite moving to a large city.
Where girls’ economic and/or family and social circumstances allowed, migration entailed a positive change that
enhanced their opportunities. Specific challenges of this population segment need focus in policies and programs,
prioritizing three particularly vulnerable groups: girls who are neither in education nor employment, pregnant
girls or new mothers, and those with difficult relationships in marital homes. Proactive outreach to raise awareness about opportunities and services and fostering social networks through front-line workers and slum women’s groups are recommended.
Schlagwörter:labor migration; Indien; soziales Netzwerk; adolescence; Schwangerschaft; slum; Familiensituation; pregnancy; Migrant; Arbeitsmigration; sozioökonomische Faktoren; large city; Adoleszenz; Jugendlicher; Großstadt; social inequality; Südasien; Slum; poverty; adolescent; migrant; Armut; health care; girl; marriage immigration; social network; Gesundheitsversorgung; Mädchen; socioeconomic factors; exclusion; Entwicklungsland; South Asia; Exklusion; India; family situation; soziale Ungleichheit; Heiratsmigration; developing country; married girls; internal migration; SDGs; women's groups
SSOAR Kategorie:Entwicklungsländersoziologie, Entwicklungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik, Migration
Women on the Steering Wheel: Identifying the Potentials of Women in Improving the Protection of Indonesian Women Migrant Workers
Autor/in:
Yazid, Sylvia; Dewi, Elisabeth S.
Quelle: Journal of ASEAN Studies, 3 (2015) 2, S 102-115
Inhalt: This paper is based on a research that looked into the potentials of women as stakeholders in improving the protection of Indonesian women migrant workers abroad. It was designed based on the assumptions that an identification of the potentials of women at various levels and in various institutions may positively contribute to the efforts of finding solutions for the problems faced by women migrant workers and that rather than being seen merely as victims, women should be seen as actors who can actively participate in addressing the problems. This paper analyzes efforts made by a number of Indonesian women who are publicly recognized for their works in promoting the protection of Indonesian women migrant workers, both as state and non-state actors in the context of policy making. The focus is on how these women perceive the extend to which their efforts have been able to influence the policy making process. The discussion also includes how the women responded to the challenges and opportunities that they encounter as part of their learning process. The data for this paper was gathered through interviews with six prominent woman figures who are known for their work on the issue of women migrant workers. While confirming that as actors outside the government these women have made efforts to influence the policy making process, this paper showcases that the actual impact of their efforts is highly determined by the policy environment.
Schlagwörter:labor migration; Menschenrechte; women's policy; Migrant; Arbeitsmigration; Indonesia; political influence; migrant worker; Frauenpolitik; Southeast Asia; politischer Einfluss; politische Partizipation; Interessenvertretung; Südostasien; migrant; Wanderarbeitnehmer; Indonesien; human rights; protection of employee rights; representation of interests; woman; Arbeitnehmerschutz; political participation; Entwicklungsland; developing country
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Migration
Experiences of migration as a space for reflection: renegotiating gender roles in family relationships
Autor/in:
Dudt, Muriel; Kempf, Andreas Oskar; Satola, Agnieszka
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 97-113
Inhalt: "Based on biographical narrative interviews with three migrant women, the article discusses how migration experiences can lead to a reflection of gender roles. In the three cases, there are various motivations for migration, different family arrangements and work experiences throughout the migration process, and also a change of roles of the women within their families. For the interview partners, the access to material resources achieved partly under great sacrifice and the possibility to compare different life contexts and gender regimes triggered an ambivalent process of reflection on gender relations. Their reorganization of gender relations can be rather incomplete or require strong legitimization upon return; it can also be transmitted as a project for the next generation to complete." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 11-23
Inhalt: "In this paper we discuss the concept of transnational biographies in migration studies. We use a biographical case study from the relatively new research field of advancement through education to explore that a transnational biography is not just a product of subjectivity but also a way of gaining access to invisible but nonetheless objective structures of transnational migration spaces. Our thesis is that the discovery and use of a transnational European educational space made it possible for second generation migrants in Germany to circumvent the exclusionary mechanisms of the German education system much more effectively than through unconditional assimilation into that system." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Migration; migration; Biographie; biography; Transnationalität; transnationality; Arbeitsmigration; labor migration; Assimilation; assimilation; soziale Integration; social integration; Bildungsverlauf; course of education; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Migrant; migrant; zweite Generation; second generation; Bildungschance; educational opportunity; beruflicher Aufstieg; career advancement; Federal Republic of Germany; Migrationsforschung; migration research; Forschungsansatz; research approach
SSOAR Kategorie:Migration, Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie
Gendering cross-border networks in the Greater Mekong Subregion: drawing invisible routes to Thailand
Titelübersetzung:Die Genderisierung grenzüberschreitender Netzwerke in der "Greater Mekong Subregion": unsichtbare Wege nach Thailand
Autor/in:
Ullah, AKM Ahsan; Hossain, Mallik Akram
Quelle: ASEAS - Österreichische Zeitschrift für Südostasienwissenschaften, 4 (2011) 2, S 273-289
Inhalt: "Der vorliegende Beitrag betrachtet den Menschenhandel in der Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) unter Berücksichtigung der Stärkung zwischenstaatlicher wirtschaftlicher und infrastruktureller Kooperation und Vernetzung. Dabei nimmt er Lebensgeschichten Prostituierter in Thailand genauer unter die Lupe. Im Laufe der Jahre wurde Thailand als Drehscheibe des Unterhaltungssektors berühmt. Es ist jedoch weitgehend unbekannt, dass eine Großzahl der Opfer des Menschenhandels in der Sexarbeit und in der Sklaverei ähnlichen Arbeitsverhältnissen landet. Menschenhändler nützen die sozioökonomische Integration in der GMS zu ihrem Vorteil. Diese Studie zeigt, dass von Armut betroffene Frauen in der Regel durch falsche Versprechungen gut bezahlter Arbeitsplätze ins Ausland gelockt werden und für solche Gelegenheiten exorbitante Gebühren an ihre Agenten bezahlen. Vermittler bringen Familienmitglieder und Agenten zusammen, welche die entsprechenden Unterlagen vorbereiten um den Transport über den Grenzübertritt möglich zu machen. Menschenhändler nutzen eigene markierte Routen, um ihre Beute zu transportieren - Wege die unsichtbarer sind, als man sich allgemein vorstellt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article discusses human trafficking within the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) in relation to the strengthened inter-state economic and infrastructural co-operation and connectivity, taking the life history of sex workers in Thailand into account. Over the last decades, Thailand became known as a hub of entertainment sectors. Traffickers often use socio-economic integration in the GMS to their advantage. A large number of trafficked women ends up in the Thai entertainment industry doing sex work in confined conditions similar to slavery. Poor women are often lured by false promises of well-paid jobs abroad and pay exorbitant fees to agents for such an opportunity. Intermediaries introduce family members to agents who promise to make arrangements for the relevant documentation and transportation across borders. Traffickers use their own marked routes to transport their prey which are more invisible than generally could be imagined." (author's abstract)
Das Care-Chain-Konzept auf dem Prüfstand: eine Fallstudie der transnationalen Care-Arrangements polnischer und ukrainischer Migrantinnen
Titelübersetzung:The 'care chain' concept under scrutiny: female Ukrainian/ Polish care migrants and their families left behind
Autor/in:
Lutz, Helma; Palenga-Möllenbeck, Ewa
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 3 (2011) 1, S 9-27
Inhalt: "In einem 2000 erschienenen Artikel prägte Arlie Hochschild den Begriff der 'care chains', um zu beschreiben, dass Migrantinnen, die im Ausland die Care-Arbeit für Kinder und alte Menschen übernehmen, daheim eine Versorgungslücke in ihrer eigenen Familie hinterlassen. Diese Lücke, so Hochschild, werde entweder durch Mitglieder des Familiennetzwerks gefüllt oder durch Migrantinnen aus einem wirtschaftlich ärmeren Land. In diesem Artikel werden Daten aus einem Forschungsprojekt vorgestellt, das untersucht, wie in Deutschland arbeitende polnische Migrantinnen und in Polen arbeitende ukrainische Migrantinnen diese Versorgungslücke bewältigen. Wie wird die Betreuung und Versorgung von Kindern und alten Eltern im Herkunftsland organisiert? Was bedeutet transnationale Mutterschaft für die Familien der Migrantinnen in praktischer und emotionaler Hinsicht? Wie geht die Öffentlichkeit in den betroffenen Ländern mit dem Thema Care-Arbeit und Migration um?" (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "In an article published in 2000, Arlie Hochschild coined the term 'care chains', indicating that while migrant women take care of children and elderly people elsewhere, they leave behind a gap with regard to their own care responsibilities. This gap, writes Hochschild, is either filled up by members of the extended family network or by hiring of migrant domestic workers from an economically poorer country. The result of these processes is a continuous commodification of care work on world scale. In this article data will be presented from an ongoing research project which focuses on the management of the care gap by Polish migrant women working in Germany and Ukrainian migrants working in Poland. How is care arranged for children and elderly family members staying behind? What does transnational mothering mean for those left behind in practical and in emotional terms? How is the issue of care in the context of migration perceived in terms of public opinion in the respective countries?" (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Versorgung; labor migration; EU; post-socialist country; transnational relations; Betreuung; Großeltern; alter Mensch; Polen; Migration; father; Pflege; Arbeitsmigration; transnationale Beziehungen; foreign countries; supply; Kind; Ukraine; country of origin; postsozialistisches Land; Verwandtschaft; kinship; EU; Ausland; single parent; caregiving; soziale Folgen; care; Familie; Herkunftsland; allein erziehender Elternteil; Ukraine; grandparents; child care; Kinderbetreuung; Poland; family; child; migration; elderly; Vater; UdSSR-Nachfolgestaat; social effects; USSR successor state
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Migration
Sex, city, and the maid: between socialist fantasies and neoliberal parables
Titelübersetzung:Sex, City und die Hausangestellte: zwischen sozialistischen Phantasien und neoliberalen Parabeln
Autor/in:
Sun, Wanning
Quelle: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39 (2010) 4, S 53-69
Inhalt: Of the many rural migrant workers who go to Chinese cities as cheap labourers, the one who interacts most intimately with urban residents is the domestic servant. In fact, precisely because of this "intimate stranger" status, the figure of the "maid" has captured the imagination of the urban population. This fascination is evidenced by the plethora of television narratives centring on the fraught relationships between the rural migrant woman and her male employer. This paper analyses a range of television narratives from the genres of dramas and documentaries. It shows that in these narratives, sex functions as the metaphor of social inequality between two social groups. It shows that if we explore how love, romance and marriage are constructed, we may gain some insight into processes of social and ideological contestation in the domain of cultural production.
Schlagwörter:labor migration; Phantasie; Sozialismus; Hausangestellte; Arbeitsmigration; social mobility; large city; love; narrative; Großstadt; China; social inequality; Neoliberalismus; Far East; Dokumentation; labor market; Arbeitsmarkt; Ehe; marriage; Ostasien; city-country relationship; employer; television series; neoliberalism; phantasy; capacity to work; socialism; Erzählung; woman; Liebe; domestic; soziale Mobilität; Arbeitskraft; Arbeitgeber; China; soziale Ungleichheit; Fernsehserie; documentation; Stadt-Land-Beziehung; Social sciences; sex; media research; domestic worker; contemporary
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Siedlungssoziologie, Stadtsoziologie, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung, Migration
Lamb Buddha's migrant workers: self-assertion on China's urban fringe
Titelübersetzung:Lamb Buddha's Wanderarbeitnehmer: Selbstbehauptung in einem chinesischen Vorort
Autor/in:
Griffiths, Michael Brian
Quelle: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39 (2010) 2, S 3-37
Inhalt: This paper presents an analysis of the everyday practices of individuality among the migrant workers with whom I worked at 'Lamb Buddha', a hotpot restaurant in Anshan City, Liaoning Province, during the summer of 2007. The majority of the data comes from four young men, meaning that the analysis complements extant studies of Chinese female migrant workers by allowing male-gendered inflections of discourse prominence. The paper examines the internal structure of 'symbolic boundaries' drawn and managed in judgements, positioning statements, and so forth, attempting to regress the modalities by which these migrants assert themselves, thus showing how individuality arises from a discursive environment structured by relation to similar peers and distinctly different others.