Geschlecht in den Debatten der Heimkampagne von 1969
Titelübersetzung:Gender in the debates of the 1969 campaign against residential care institutions
Autor/in:
Stange, Sabine
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 3, S 91-104
Details
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag untersucht, welche Bedeutung Geschlecht als ordnungsstiftende Größe in den öffentlichkeitswirksamen Debatten zukam, die Ende der 1960er-Jahre um Fürsorgeerziehungsheime für weibliche und männliche Jugendliche geführt wurden. Analysiert werden Auszüge aus schriftlichem Archivmaterial zur sogenannten Heimkampagne in Hessen 1969. Mit Blick auf Verhandlungen um Arbeitsaufgaben und Erscheinungsbilder der in den umstrittenen Einrichtungen untergebrachten jungen Frauen und Männer wird nach der Bezugnahme auf Geschlecht in den jeweiligen Argumentationen gefragt. Die exemplarischen Textanalysen zeigen, wie Annahmen zu Geschlechterdifferenzen in die Kritik an Bestehendem und die Aufforderungen zum Wandel ebenso einfließen wie in damalige Reaktionen darauf." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The paper explores gender as an ordering factor that shaped and structured the 1969 debate on residential care institutions for young women and men in the German state of Hesse. To this end, it analyses excerpts of written archive material from the public campaign against these institutions. The focus lies on the use of gender as an argument in discussions about the duties assigned to the young women and men living in residential care facilities and about their outward appearance. The analysis of selected texts shows assumptions of gender-related differences in both the criticism of the existing situation and the campaign for change, as well as in contemporaries' responses to these demands." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Erziehungsheim; institutional home for juveniles; Fürsorgeerziehung; correctional education; Jugendlicher; adolescent; gender-specific factors; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Diskurs; discourse; Hessen; Hesse; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechterdifferenz; Ordnung; 1960er Jahre
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Hazards of being a male breadwinner: deadbeat dads in the United States of the 1980s
Titelübersetzung:Väter zwischen Schuldenmoral, Gericht und Medien in den USA der 1980er Jahre
Autor/in:
Krämer, Felix
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 41 (2016) 1, S 223-239
Details
Inhalt: This article explores the "deadbeat dad" - fathers short on child support payments - as a contemporary figure originating in the Reagan era. It questions risks that were morally redirected in the 1980s, addressed towards particular groups of fathers and their relatives. After setting the question in relation to contemporary masculinity studies, the author brings "deadbeat dads" in line with the history of indebtedness and default. By scrutinizing how the claim to secure single mothers’ alimony was integrated into a neoconservative project and the state's retreat from welfare in the United States, the paper analyses TV newscasts displaying the prosecution of delinquent fathers publicly. Adopting a discourse-analytical perspective, the author sketches out how the figure of the male breadwinner resonated in claims for economic and biological responsibility that were revived in the Reagan years. Exemplified by the context of the current case of Walter Scott, the contemporary history of child support debtors demonstrates how black fathers do not only face a higher risk of becoming victims of police violence, but also how ascribing default to African American fathers tied irresponsibility to black masculinity.
Schlagwörter:Vaterschaft; fatherhood; Verschuldung; indebtedness; Strafverfolgung; prosecution; Delinquenz; delinquency; Unterhaltspflicht; support obligation; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Rassismus; racism; Männlichkeit; masculinity; Massenmedien; mass media; Berichterstattung; reporting; Diskurs; discourse; Moral; morality; Sozialpolitik; social policy; USA; United States of America; Zeitgeschichte; contemporary history
SSOAR Kategorie:Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
History of knowledge, terrorism and gender
Titelübersetzung:Geschichte des Wissens, Terrorismus und Gender
Autor/in:
Grisard, Dominique
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 82-99
Details
Inhalt: This article focuses on 20th-century terrorist phenomena as gendered objects of knowledge produced and disseminated through history books, mass media and state institutions. By taking 1970s West German terrorism as my field of inquiry, this article will critically discuss how a bourgeois understanding of violence as fundamentally masculine has shaped the way terrorism has been represented, conceptualized and historicized thus far. I will go on to problematize the mas-culine gaze of mass media and state institutions and their tendency to objectify the terrorist. Last but not least, I will delineate how mass media and historiog-raphy of terrorism have relied on a narrative structure that pits rebellious sons and masculine daughters against figural and literal fathers, a frame that is overtly masculine and familial. In so doing I will point to blind spots in the study of 1970s terrorism, namely masculinity and the gender of state institutions. My goal is thus to show how not just individual and symbolic, but also institutional facets of the bourgeois gender order influence the way terrorism has been conceptualized and historicized thus far.
Schlagwörter:Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechtsrolle; historiography; RAF; Geschichtsschreibung; feminism; masculinity; mass media; gender; Stereotyp; Gender; stereotype; woman; Feminismus; political violence; Männlichkeit; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; RAF; oedipal narrative
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Terrorism, gender, and history - introduction
Titelübersetzung:Terrorismus, Gender und Geschichtswissenschaft - eine Einleitung
Autor/in:
Schraut, Sylvia; Weinhauer, Klaus
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 7-45
Details
Inhalt: After some introductory remarks, this article gives a brief overview on contem-porary terrorism research in the political and social sciences. Then, the important contributions historical studies have made to enhance the academic knowledge about terrorism are sketched. The third part provides an overview which not only critically discusses the state of research on gendered aspects of terrorism but also demonstrates the stimulating insights gained by employing a historical perspective in this field. In the fourth chapter, the authors outline some promising topics of future terrorism research which all can be studied from gender sensitive historical perspectives. Finally the results of the contributions put together for this HSR Special Issue are summarized.
Schlagwörter:zone; soziales Milieu; gender; historische Entwicklung; social milieu; victim; communication; Raum; Kommunikation; Gender; Opfer; Diskurs; discourse; research approach; Forschungsansatz; historical development; political violence; gender-specific factors; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; periodization of terrorism; cultures of memory
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Feminist perspectives on motherhood and reproduction
Titelübersetzung:Feministische Perspektiven zu Mutterschaft und Reproduktion
Autor/in:
Neyer, Gerda; Bernardi, Laura
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 36 (2011) 2, S 162-176
Details
Inhalt: "Motherhood and reproduction have been at the core of the feminist discourse about women's rights ever since its onset. For the first and second feminist movements, the right to abortion and the public recognition of motherhood have been main issues in the discourse on reproduction. Since the last two decades of the 20th century, the potentials of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have opened up new venues of feminist discourse. In this paper the authors sketch the main feminist lines of argumentation regarding motherhood and reproduction since the 1970s, and they identify specific shifts in their recurrent issues. They argue that an essential contribution of feminism to the understanding of motherhood as a structuring category has been its insistence on the distinction between biological and social motherhood. Feminist discourse shows how ART has further decomposed biological motherhood and has altered the meaning of motherhood and reproduction. Feminist analysis maintains that despite the rhetoric of choice surrounding ART, these technologies have not increased women's reproductive freedom. The decomposition of biological motherhood, the medical, legal, and commercial development of reproduction, and the change in the social perception of motherhood have rather established new forms of control over female reproduction." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Mutterschaft; motherhood; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; historische Entwicklung; historical development; Reproduktionsmedizin; reproductive medicine; Reproduktion; reproduction; Technologie; technology; Feminismus; feminism; Diskurs; discourse; künstliche Befruchtung; artificial insemination; soziale Wahrnehmung; social perception; Familienplanung; family planning; Genetik; genetics; Kinderzahl; number of children; Ambivalenz; ambivalence
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung, Technikfolgenabschätzung, Bevölkerung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The twenty-five maiden ladies' tomb and predicaments of the feminist movement in Taiwan
Titelübersetzung:Das Grab der 25 Jungfrauen und die Dilemmata der feministischen Bewegung in Taiwan
Autor/in:
Lee, Anru; Tang, Wen-hui Anna
Quelle: Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39 (2010) 3, S 23-49
Details
Inhalt: "The Twenty-five Maiden Ladies' Tomb" is the collective burial site of the female workers who died in a ferry accident on their way to work in 1973. The fact that of the more than 70 passengers on board all 25 who died were unmarried young women, and the taboo in Taiwanese culture that shuns unmarried female ghosts, made the Tomb a fearsome place. Feminists in Gaoxiong had for some years wanted the city government to change the tomb's public image. Their calls were not answered until the Gaoxiong mayor's office finally allocated money to clean up the gravesite and, as part of the city's plans to develop urban tourism, to remake it into the tourist-friendly "Memorial Park for Women Labourers". Consequently, even though the tomb renovation seemed to indicate a triumph of the feminist endeavour, it was more a result of the Gaoxiong city government's efforts towards culture-led urban revitalization.
Schlagwörter:Frauenbewegung; historische Entwicklung; junger Erwachsener; Asia; Schifffahrt; Friedhof; wedding; Heirat; Diskurs; discourse; urban development; kulturelle Faktoren; Regierung; memory; historical development; accident; Asien; Tod; death; cemetery; women's movement; Katastrophe; symbol; gender; cultural factors; disaster; memorial; Taiwan; Taiwan; young adult; government; shipping; woman; Unfall; Stadtentwicklung; Gedenkstätte; Religion; religion; Gedächtnis; Symbol; Social science; women's studies; women's movements; marriage; urban development; contemporary
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Diskurse des islamischen Feminismus
Titelübersetzung:Discourses of Islamic feminism
Autor/in:
Salah, Hoda
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 2 (2010) 1, S 47-64
Details
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag identifiziert verschiedene Diskurse innerhalb des islamischen Feminismus. Es wird gefragt, ob islamischer Feminismus dazu beiträgt, Frauenrechte zu stärken, und inwieweit er Frauen einen Zugang zur öffentlichen Sphäre und Autonomie in der privaten Sphäre ermöglicht. Es wird gezeigt, dass der islamische Feminismus einen positiven Einfluss auf die Förderung von Frauenrechten hat, und zwar nicht nur innerhalb islamischer Diskurse, sondern auch in nationalen und internationalen Institutionen. Dennoch trägt der islamisch-feministische Diskurs auch eine mögliche Gefahr für den Status von Frauen in muslimischen Gesellschaften in sich, da religiös motivierte Argumente gegen die UN-Konvention für Frauenrechte vorgebracht werden, sobald diese zum islamischen Recht der Scharia im Widerspruch steht." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article identifies different discourses within Islamic Feminism. The question is whether it contributes to the improvement of women's rights, and in how far it enables women to attain access to public space and autonomy in the private sphere. It will be argued that Islamic Feminism has a positive influence on the promotion of women's rights, not only within Islamic discourses and movements, but also in national and international institutions. However, the Islamic-feminist discourse also carries a potential danger for the status of women in Muslim societies, since religious arguments are being directed against the UN Convention for Women's Rights insofar as it contradicts the Islamic Sharia." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Gender Mainstreaming; Menschenrechte; Islam; radicalism; power; Koran; sozialer Status; Africa; conservatism; Nordafrika; Konservatismus; arabische Länder; feminism; Ägypten; Afrika; social status; Liberalismus; Arab countries; liberalism; Selbstbestimmung; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; sharia; Entwicklungsland; argumentation; Egypt; Religion; religion; affirmative action; islamische Gesellschaft; North Africa; Scharia; gender relations; Gleichstellung; Islamic society; Koran; Diskurs; discourse; Middle East; Islam; Recht; gender mainstreaming; Macht; self-determination; human rights; Feminismus; Nahost; Radikalismus; law; developing country; Argumentation
SSOAR Kategorie:Religionssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Problematisierte Patrilinearität bei den ParsInnen in Mumbai
Titelübersetzung:Challenged patrilineality of Parsis in Mumbai
Autor/in:
Walthert, Rafael
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 2 (2010) 1, S 9-27
Details
Inhalt: Die zivilrechtliche Autonomie von Religionsgemeinschaften in Indien erlaubt den direkten Einfluss religiöser Regelungen auf das Verhältnis der Geschlechter. Dies trifft auch auf die ParsInnen, Anhänger des Zoroastrismus und Teil der wirtschaftlichen Elite Mumbais, zu. Über religiöse Tradition legitimierte bestehende Ordnungen wie die patrilineare Konzeption von Gemeinschaft werden dabei von liberalen Gemeinschaftsmitgliedern kritisiert und Gleichberechtigung gefordert. Der Artikel rekonstruiert den Verlauf und die zentralen Positionen des Diskurses um Patrilinearität bei den ParsInnen, der seit einigen Jahren zwischen Liberalen und Orthodoxen geführt wird, und charakterisiert davon ausgehend die gemeinschaftlichen Konfigurationen von Geschlecht und Religion sowie ihre Bezüge zu Wandel und Tradition.
Inhalt: "The autonomy of religious communities in India concerning the realm of personal law allows the direct influence of religion on the configuration of gender relations. This is also the case for the community of Parsi Zoroastrians, an economic elite within Mumbai, whose patrilineal concept of community is legitimated with reference to religious tradition. Liberal Parsis criticize patrilineality and call for gender equity. This article offers a reconstruction of the discursive process and the main arguments therein, which allows a characterization of the communal configurations between gender and religion, and their relation to tradition and change." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Indien; conversion; reflexive modernization; Asia; power; Diskurs; discourse; individual; Asien; Südasien; religious community; man; reflexive Modernisierung; Tradition; Ehe; symbol; Diskussion; gender; marriage; Individuum; Gemeinschaft; Macht; discussion; Konflikt; conflict; woman; sozialer Wandel; Mann; Geschlechterverhältnis; Entwicklungsland; South Asia; Religion; religion; India; Symbol; social change; Konversion; tradition; Religionsgemeinschaft; developing country; community
SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Religionssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz