Frauenberufe - Männerberufe : zur Persistenz geschlechtshierarchischer Arbeitsmarktsegregation
Titelübersetzung:Female occupations - male occupations : persistency of gender-hierarchical labor market segregation
Autor/in:
Leitner, Andrea
Quelle: Wien (Reihe Soziologie / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Soziologie, 47), 2001. 17 S.
Inhalt: "Trotz zunehmender Bildungs- und Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen bleibt die Teilung des österreichischen Arbeitsmarktes in 'Frauenbereiche' und 'Männerbereiche' nahezu unverändert bestehen. Diese geschlechtsspezifische Segregation des Arbeitsmarktes ist mit Ursache der Benachteiligung von Frauen im Erwerbsleben. Denn die Konzentration von Frauen auf wenige Beschäftigungssegmente und ihr weitgehender Ausschluss aus Männerbereichen ermöglicht eine ungleiche Bewertung von Frauentätigkeiten und Männertätigkeiten. Der Beitrag zeigt die geschlechtshierarchischen Muster der Arbeitsmarktsegregation anhand von empirischen Daten für Österreich. Trotz der massiven Umstrukturierungen am Arbeitsmarkt bleibt die Separierung zwischen Frauen- und Männerbereichen bestehen und verursacht vor allem in den typischen Frauenberufen, in denen rund die Hälfte der Frauen beschäftigt ist, schlechtere Einkommens- und Aufstiegschancen als in den männlichen Bereichen. Selbst die höheren Ausbildungsabschlüsse jüngerer Frauen haben an dieser Diskriminierung der Frauenbereiche wenig verändert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Despite increasing employment and educational attainment of women the segregation of female and male occupations does hardly change. The discrimination of women in working life is also a consequence of the sex segregation in the labour market. The concentration of women in a few occupational fields and their almost complete exclusion of male dominated jobs allows different valuations of female- and male-dominated jobs. The study shows hierarchical patterns of occupational sex segregation using empirical data for Austria. The sex segregation remains even though considerable changes occur on the labour market. This causes especially for the typical female occupations, in which about half of the women are employed, lower income levels and fewer opportunities for advancement. Even the higher standards of occupational qualification among younger women could weaken the discrimination of female dominated jobs." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Beruf; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit; Mann; Segregation; Arbeitsmarkt; Arbeitsteilung; Beschäftigungspolitik; Diskriminierung; Österreich
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
"Gendered" styles of writing and the "inequality in assessment" hypothesis : an explanation for gender differentiation in first class achievement at university
Autor/in:
Earl-Novell, Sarah
Quelle: International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 21 (2001) H. 1/2, S. 160-172
Inhalt: "This paper focuses on the relative underachievement of First Class degrees by women
in the U.K. as compared to their male counterparts. This 'problem' is particularly
prevalent in History, Sociology and English, despite the predominance of women studying
both English and Sociology. Various hypotheses attempt to account for this gender
differentiation in First Class academic achievement but, for the purposes of this
paper, the validity of one hypothesis - the 'inequality in assessment' explanation
- will be tested. The hypothesis suggests that undergraduate writing is 'gendered'
and that male academic work tends to conform to a writing style characterised as bold,
confident and risk-taking whereas the female undergraduate writing style is argued
to be cautious and conscientious (McCrum 1994 and 1996, Martin 1997 and Sutherland
1997). The research involves the quantitative analysis of HESA data and the qualitative
analysis of eleven, in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with faculty employed
at Sussex University. My analysis of qualitative data indicates that academics perceive
that undergraduate writing is 'gendered' to a certain extent and that in 'argument-based'
subjects, for example, Sociology, History and English, it is the typically male style
of writing that is rewarded. It is evident also, that in 'fact-based' subjects, for
instance, Law and Economies, academics perceive that neither style of writing offers
an intrinsic advantage, hence what constitutes a First in the 'fact-based' disciplines
differs greatly from the argument-based ones. Analysis of HESA data similarly demonstrates
that for these disciplines there is no gender differentiation in the awarding of First
Classifications." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 21 (2001) No. 1/2, S. 39-43
Inhalt: "The article states that whilst more women are admitted to Greek universities than
men and generally achieve higher grades, very few women are promoted to the highest
academic ranks; suggests that a women’s academic career depends on her social connections
rather than on her qualifications; analyses the situation of women at the University
of Athens against the backdrop of the traditional philosophical debate concerning
the gender issue." (author's abstract)|
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Science Scope, Vol. 24 (2001) No. 8, S. 49-51
Inhalt: "This article points out the challenges female scientists have in obtaining recognition and discusses why the percentage of women in science is low; explains how teachers can help." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Thorny tenure case at case western leads to sex-bias charges : a scientist with a strong publication record was twice denied tenure, and her data were seized
Autor/in:
Smallwood, Scott
Quelle: The chronicle of higher education, Vol. 47 (2001) No. 24, S. 14-16
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The contradiction of the myth of individual merit, and the reality of a patriarchal
support system in academic careers : a feminist investigation
Autor/in:
Bagilhole, Barbara; Goode, Jackie
Quelle: The European journal of women's studies, Vol. 8 (2001) No. 2, S. 161-180
Inhalt: "This article draws on data from a qualitative research study undertaken in an old
(pre-1992) UK university with the main aim of investigating the issue of the gender
dimension of academic careers. It examines the idea of an individualistic academic
career that demands self-promotion, which is still used as a measure of achievement
by those in senior positions. However, there is a basic contradiction. While this
idea is upheld, men simultaneously gain by an in-built patriarchal support system.
They do not have to make a conscious effort to be helped by it, thereby perpetuating
the cultural hegemony of individualism. Women are not admitted to this support system,
and if they are seen as needing or wanting to set up their own system, this is viewed
as a weakness. The answer appears to be for women to strategically harness feminist
ways of working in a collaborative and supportive way." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Frauenberufe - Männerberufe: zur Persistenz geschlechtshierarchischer Arbeitsmarktsegregation
Titelübersetzung:Female occupations - male occupations: persistency of gender-hierarchical labor market segregation
Autor/in:
Leitner, Andrea
Quelle: Institut für Höhere Studien (IHS), Wien; Wien (Reihe Soziologie / Institut für Höhere Studien, Abt. Soziologie, 47), 2001. 17 S
Inhalt: 'Trotz zunehmender Bildungs- und Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen bleibt die Teilung des österreichischen Arbeitsmarktes in 'Frauenbereiche' und 'Männerbereiche' nahezu unverändert bestehen. Diese geschlechtsspezifische Segregation des Arbeitsmarktes ist mit Ursache der Benachteiligung von Frauen im Erwerbsleben. Denn die Konzentration von Frauen auf wenige Beschäftigungssegmente und ihr weitgehender Ausschluss aus Männerbereichen ermöglicht eine ungleiche Bewertung von Frauentätigkeiten und Männertätigkeiten. Der Beitrag zeigt die geschlechtshierarchischen Muster der Arbeitsmarktsegregation anhand von empirischen Daten für Österreich. Trotz der massiven Umstrukturierungen am Arbeitsmarkt bleibt die Separierung zwischen Frauen- und Männerbereichen bestehen und verursacht vor allem in den typischen Frauenberufen, in denen rund die Hälfte der Frauen beschäftigt ist, schlechtere Einkommens- und Aufstiegschancen als in den männlichen Bereichen. Selbst die höheren Ausbildungsabschlüsse jüngerer Frauen haben an dieser Diskriminierung der Frauenbereiche wenig verändert.' (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: 'Despite increasing employment and educational attainment of women the segregation of female and male occupations does hardly change. The discrimination of women in working life is also a consequence of the sex segregation in the labour market. The concentration of women in a few occupational fields and their almost complete exclusion of male dominated jobs allows different valuations of female- and male-dominated jobs. The study shows hierarchical patterns of occupational sex segregation using empirical data for Austria. The sex segregation remains even though considerable changes occur on the labour market. This causes especially for the typical female occupations, in which about half of the women are employed, lower income levels and fewer opportunities for advancement. Even the higher standards of occupational qualification among younger women could weaken the discrimination of female dominated jobs.' (author's abstract)|