Zwischen Nepotismus und reflexiven Standards: Personalpolitiken und Karrierechancen in der Industrieforschung
Titelübersetzung:Between nepotism and reflexive standards: personnel policies and career opportunities in industrial research
Autor/in:
Matthies, Hildegard
Quelle: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung gGmbH; Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Gesellschaft und wirtschaftliche Dynamik, Forschungsgruppe Wissenschaftspolitik, 2005-102), 2005. 114 S
Inhalt: "Frauen sind in Wissenschaft und Forschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert, in öffentlich finanzierten Einrichtungen genauso wie in der Privatwirtschaft. Vor allem in höherrangigen Positionen ist der Frauenanteil anhaltend gering. In empirischen Studien werden als Verursacher dieses Phänomens zunehmend informelle und intransparente Praktiken der Personalrekrutierung und -förderung identifiziert. Am Beispiel des Forschungsbereichs eines chemisch-pharmazeutischen Industrieunternehmens in Deutschland wird deshalb in der vorliegenden Studie der Frage nachgegangen, ob eine stärker formalisierte und an einheitlichen Regeln orientierte Personalpolitik derartige Karrierenachteile von Frauen verringern könnte. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Benachteiligung von Frauen aufgrund stereotyper Geschlechterbilder und Verhaltenserwartungen sowie einer männlich geprägten Unternehmenskultur mit paternalistischen Anerkennungs- und Beförderungsstrukturen durch solche Verfahren nur bedingt unterbunden werden kann. Gleichwohl gibt es Anhaltspunkte, dass Personalentscheidungen im Kontext von standardisierten und transparenten Kriterien der Leistungsbewertung einen gewissen Legitimationsdruck erhalten, wodurch für Frauen zumindest die Thematisierung von Diskriminierung erleichtert wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Women in academia and research are still under represented, both in public financed institutions as well as in the private sector of research and development. Particularly in high ranking positions the share of women is continuing to be at a very low level. Empirical studies focussing on this phenomenon identify more and more informal and non-transparent practices of personal recruitment and promotion as a pivotal barrier for women in organizations. Thus the submitted paper goes further into the question, whether a more formalized and well-regulated and controlled personnel policy would minimize those vicarious discriminations for women. The subject of this study is the research division of a German chemical and pharmaceutical industrial enterprise. The findings verify on the one hand the disadvantages of women because of gender stereotypes and traditional expectations of behaviour roles as well as of a masculine organizational culture with paternalistic structures of acknowledgement and promotion. On the other hand there is some evidence, that the use of standardized and transparent criteria for performance assessment would bring staffing decisions under a slight pressure of legitimization, which could facilitate to broaching the issue of discrimination on the official organizational agenda." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:personnel policy; women's employment; Berufsverlauf; chemical industry; discrimination; senior executive; Personalbeurteilung; image of women; job history; Forschung und Entwicklung; Diskriminierung; chemische Industrie; Federal Republic of Germany; hiring; staff appraisal; leitender Angestellter; beruflicher Aufstieg; man; Unternehmen; career advancement; science; Frauenbild; organizational culture; Karriere; woman; Beruf; Mann; research and development; Unternehmenskultur; enterprise; Personaleinstellung; occupation; career; Personalpolitik; Frauenerwerbstätigkeit
SSOAR Kategorie:Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Personalwesen
Differences in men and women scientists' perceptions of workplace climate
Autor/in:
Gunter, Ramona; Stambach, Amy
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 1, S. 97-116
Inhalt: "The climate of science is often described as 'chilly' toward women and is blamed for women's underrepresentation and slow advancement within science fields. However, evidence of a chilly climate is often indirect. In this study of male and female science faculty members at a major research university, the authors found direct evidence for a chilly climate: A smaller percentage of women than men described their workplace environments in positive terms, and a larger percentage of women than men described uncomfortable, tense, or hostile interactions. Some men and many women said that gender bias might explain women's negative experiences; at the same time, these men and women stated that they could not say for certain that gender bias existed in their departments. Reasons for interviewees' difficulties in identifying and labeling gender bias are discussed." (author's abstract)
Zwischen Nepotismus und reflexiven Standards : Personalpolitiken und Karrierechancen in der Industrieforschung
Titelübersetzung:Between nepotism and reflexive standards : personnel policies and career opportunities in industrial research
Autor/in:
Matthies, Hildegard
Quelle: Berlin (Discussion Papers / Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Gesellschaft und wirtschaftliche Dynamik, Forschungsgruppe Wissenschaftspolitik, 2005-102), 2005. 114 S.
Inhalt: "Frauen sind in Wissenschaft und Forschung immer noch unterrepräsentiert, in öffentlich finanzierten Einrichtungen genauso wie in der Privatwirtschaft. Vor allem in höherrangigen Positionen ist der Frauenanteil anhaltend gering. In empirischen Studien werden als Verursacher dieses Phänomens zunehmend informelle und intransparente Praktiken der Personalrekrutierung und -förderung identifiziert. Am Beispiel des Forschungsbereichs eines chemisch-pharmazeutischen Industrieunternehmens in Deutschland wird deshalb in der vorliegenden Studie der Frage nachgegangen, ob eine stärker formalisierte und an einheitlichen Regeln orientierte Personalpolitik derartige Karrierenachteile von Frauen verringern könnte. Die Befunde zeigen, dass die Benachteiligung von Frauen aufgrund stereotyper Geschlechterbilder und Verhaltenserwartungen sowie einer männlich geprägten Unternehmenskultur mit paternalistischen Anerkennungs- und Beförderungsstrukturen durch solche Verfahren nur bedingt unterbunden werden kann. Gleichwohl gibt es Anhaltspunkte, dass Personalentscheidungen im Kontext von standardisierten und transparenten Kriterien der Leistungsbewertung einen gewissen Legitimationsdruck erhalten, wodurch für Frauen zumindest die Thematisierung von Diskriminierung erleichtert wird." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "Women in academia and research are still under represented, both in public financed institutions as well as in the private sector of research and development. Particularly in high ranking positions the share of women is continuing to be at a very low level. Empirical studies focussing on this phenomenon identify more and more informal and non-transparent practices of personal recruitment and promotion as a pivotal barrier for women in organizations. Thus the submitted paper goes further into the question, whether a more formalized and well-regulated and controlled personnel policy would minimize those vicarious discriminations for women. The subject of this study is the research division of a German chemical and pharmaceutical industrial enterprise. The findings verify on the one hand the disadvantages of women because of gender stereotypes and traditional expectations of behaviour roles as well as of a masculine organizational culture with paternalistic structures of acknowledgement and promotion. On the other hand there is some evidence, that the use of standardized and transparent criteria for performance assessment would bring staffing decisions under a slight pressure of legitimization, which could facilitate to broaching the issue of discrimination on the official organizational agenda." (author's abstract)
Division 35 presidentials address : gender and leadership in higher education, 2004
Autor/in:
Madden, Margaret E.
Quelle: Psychology of women quarterly : official journal of division 35 (psychology of women) of the American Psychological Association, Vol. 29 (2005) No. 1, S. 3-14
Inhalt: "Literature on gender, higher education administration, and leadership is reviewed using the framework of five principles derived from feminist psychology (Worell & Johnson, 1997): (a) sociocultural context influences leadership situations, (b) power dynamics impact sociocultural structures, (c) people are active agents of coping and environmental change, (d) multiple perspectives are useful, and (e) collaboration is an important technique for changing organizations. Within this framework are discussions of the effects of historical context, gender discrimination and stereotyping, hierarchical organization, masculinized context, the interconnection between gender and status, and leadership as empowerment. Examples of administrative strategies that may promote feminist leadership behavior by college administrators are given, such as understanding behavior in context, promoting structural change, using active survival strategies, changing behavioral incentives, striving for activism and social justice, fostering interdisciplinary perspectives, and encouraging collaboration. Difficulties encountered by women attempting to change the higher education context and assume feminist leadership styles are discussed." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Still inside, still "out" : a decade of reflection on exposure, risk and survival
Autor/in:
Marchbank, Jen
Quelle: Women's studies international forum, Vol. 28 (2005) No. 2-3, S. 139-149
Inhalt: "This article addresses the experience of exposure and the steps taken to ameliorate the dangers, explored through my personal observations in relation to my experiences working within British higher education for the past two decades. In particular I examine the interrelationships between my matrix of identity, my experiences and the structure and practices of higher education. The elements of this matrix include my class status, my parenting status, my gender and my sexuality, in particular the latter two. I discuss personal and, therefore, individual, actions yet these have not been developed and taken in isolation. The aim is to show how collective challenges can reduce structural discrimination at an individual level and aid the diminution of such structural oppressions. The methodological approach is one of auto/ biography informed by some lessons of political science." (author's abstract)
Inhalt: "This article uses a nationally representative data set to determine the role of glass
ceiling barriers and cohort effects on the earnings differences between women and
men in an elite and growing group of professionals: Scientists and engineers. It draws
on national data gathered in four surveys during the 1990s for cohorts graduating
between 1955 and 1990. Results indicate a continuing pay gap net of human capital,
family status, and occupational characteristics that was not fully explained by either
cohort effects or the glass ceiling. The authors suggest that the gender pay gap in
these fields results from several unmeasured barriers that neither worsen across the
life cycle nor become less problematic for recent cohorts. Improvements will require
continued attention to discriminatory barriers." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender writ small : gender enactments and gendered narratives about lab organization and knowledge transmission
in a biomedical engineering research setting
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 1, S. 61-82
Inhalt: "This article presents qualitative data and offers some innovative theoretical approaches
to frame the analysis of gender in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) settings. It begins with a theoretical discussion of a discursive approach
to gender that captures how gender is lived 'on the ground.' The authors argue for
a less individualistic approach to gender. Data for this research project was gathered
from intensive interviews with lab members and ethnographic observations in a biomedical
engineering lab. Data analysis relied on a mixed methodology involving qualitative
approaches and dialogues with findings from other research traditions. Three themes
are highlighted: lab dynamics in relation to issues of critical mass, the division
of labor, and knowledge transmission. The data illustrate how gender is created in
interactions and is inflected through forms of social organization." (author's abstract)|