Titelübersetzung:Technology is missing something without women
Herausgeber/in:
Bundesagentur für Arbeit
Quelle: Abi : dein Weg in Studium und Beruf, (2008) Sh., S. 5-8
Inhalt: Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) hat zusammen mit zahlreichen Partnern aus Wirtschaft, Wissenschaft und Politik einen Pakt für Frauen in MINT-Berufen (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaften und Technik) gestartet. 'Ziel ist es, mehr Frauen für diese Berufe zu begeistern, denn die Absolventen dieser Fächer sind auf dem Arbeitsmarkt begehrte Fachkräfte. Und in den nächsten Jahren wird der Bedarf noch massiv steigen.' Die Frauenanteile an den Studienanfängern in den Ingenieurwissenschaften steigen zwar langsam, in Fächern wie Elektrotechnik, Informatik oder Maschinenbau und Verfahrenstechnik liegen sie jedoch noch unter 20 Prozent. Obwohl Mädchen genauso für Naturwissenschaften und Technik begabt sind wie Jungen führt eine anerzogene Distanz zu Technik dazu, dass sich zwischen 30 und 40 Prozent der studienberechtigten Frauen mit naturwissenschaftlichen oder ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Präferenzen gegen ein solches Studium entscheiden. Dies wird zum einen auf Geschlechterstereotype zurückgeführt: 'Der Ingenieurberuf wird als männerdominiert gesehen. Eine Ingenieurin wird bei uns deshalb oft als vermännlicht eingeschätzt'; zum anderen werden überkommene Berufsstereotype hierfür verantwortlich gemacht: 'Hartnäckig halten sich die Bilder der verschrobenen Tüftler, die still in ihren Laboren sitzen oder mit Sicherheitshelm und Blaumann in einer lauten stickigen und schmutzigen Produktionshalle an großen Maschinen werkeln'. Aufgrund eines mittelfristig zu erwartenden Ingenieurmangels sind die beruflichen Aussichten und Karrierechancen - auch für Frauen - in technischen, ingenieur- und naturwissenschaftlichen Berufen meist gut, in manchen Bereichen sogar sehr gut. 'Neben den klassischen Branchen wie Maschinenbau gibt es auch Zukunftsfelder wie Medizintechnik, Nanotechnologien oder Energietechnik, die in den nächsten Jahren noch expandieren.' Trotz der guten Chancen auf dem Arbeitsmarkt werden Frauen jedoch nach wie vor hinsichtlich Einkommen und beruflichem Aufstieg gegenüber ihren männlichen Kollegen benachteiligt. Mit verschiedenen Aktivitäten versuchen Arbeitgeber, Frauen für technisch-naturwissenschaftliche Berufe zu begeistern. Mentorenprogramme für Studentinnen und Berufseinsteigerinnen, Kinderbetreuungsmodelle und flexiblere Arbeitszeitmodelle sollen dazu beitragen, diese Berufsfelder für Frauen attraktiver zu gestalten. (IAB)
Gender writ small : gender enactments and gendered narratives about lab organization and knowledge transmission
in a biomedical engineering research setting
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 1, S. 61-82
Inhalt: "This article presents qualitative data and offers some innovative theoretical approaches
to frame the analysis of gender in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) settings. It begins with a theoretical discussion of a discursive approach
to gender that captures how gender is lived 'on the ground.' The authors argue for
a less individualistic approach to gender. Data for this research project was gathered
from intensive interviews with lab members and ethnographic observations in a biomedical
engineering lab. Data analysis relied on a mixed methodology involving qualitative
approaches and dialogues with findings from other research traditions. Three themes
are highlighted: lab dynamics in relation to issues of critical mass, the division
of labor, and knowledge transmission. The data illustrate how gender is created in
interactions and is inflected through forms of social organization." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender issues : women's participation in the sciences has increased, but agencies need to do more to ensure compliance with title IX
Autor/in:
Ashby, Cornelia M.
Quelle: United States Government Accountability Office; Washington, 2004. 55 S.
Inhalt: "Because of concerns about women's access to opportunities in the sciences, this report addresses: how the Department of Education (Education), Department of Energy (Energy), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and National Science Foundation (NSF) ensure that federal grant recipient institutions comply with Title IX in math, engineering, and science; what data show about women's participation in these fields; and what promising practices exist to promote their participation. Researchers reviewed legislation and regulations to identify all areas of compliance relevant to each federal agency; interviewed officials at each agency; gathered documentation to identify agency activities to ensure compliance with Title IX; analyzed data from the Office of Civil Rights and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission; gathered data and interviewed officials at the Department of Justice; visited seven research universities to interview officials, students, and faculty; analyzed national data from Education and NSF on women's participation and experiences in the sciences; reviewed literature about women in the sciences and challenges to preparing for and pursuing careers in the sciences; spoke with students and practitioners about promising practices to promote women's participation; reviewed documentation on how data were collected and performed electronic tests to look for missing or out-of-range values; and reviewed the methodology of studies and reports using generally accepted social sciences principles as the basis for understanding results. The four agencies had made efforts to ensure that grantees complied with Title IX in the sciences by performing several compliance activities (e.g., investigating complaints and providing technical assistance), although most had not conducted all required monitoring activities. Women's participation in the sciences has increased substantially in the last 3 decades, especially in the life sciences, such as biology. The proportion of women science students has grown, but to a lesser extent at the graduate level than the undergraduate level. Meanwhile, the proportion of faculty in the sciences who are women has also increased, but they still lag behind men faculty in terms of salary and rank. However, studies indicate that experience, work patterns, and education levels can largely explain these differences. Studies also suggest that discrimination may still affect women's choices and professional progress. Several examples of agencies and grantees that have instituted practices designed to foster greater women's participation in the sciences were found. While some of the practices are aimed at encouraging more women to pursue the sciences, others provide time off and fewer teaching duties so faculty can balance work and family life. Finally, a few practices seek to expand the recruiting pool for jobs in the sciences and make them more attractive to women. Seven appendixes include: study objectives, scope, and methodology; national laboratories and technical centers; legal events and cases involving Title IX; mathematics, engineering, and science grant programs funded by the four agencies; comparison of enrollment status; comparison of enrollment and degrees earned; and comments from Education." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 363-375
Inhalt: "The current situation of women in scientific education and employment in European Union and applicant countries shows patterns of vertical and horizontal segregation. Yet the data that underpin these analyses are patchy, and despite some efforts to reuse available data, there is a clear need for new data, an effort that is gathering momentum in the European Commission (EC) and other pan-European bodies. However, new data collection requires major resourcing and for this to happen, various actors need to be convinced that the 'women and science problem' matters. Various arguments can be found in the literature about why the issue is seen to matter, and here, the author focuses particularly on a recent rationale in the EC, the 'science and society' perspective. However, if women, as agents, persist in retreating from science, the reasons behind the phenomena shown up in the available data need to be much more closely examined, in terms of the structures and institutions of scientific education and employment." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Statistik und statistische Daten
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Laboratory talk and women's retention rates in science
Autor/in:
Conefrey, Theresa
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 3, S. 251-264
Inhalt: "Despite initiatives designed to increase women's participation in science, their
attrition rates remain high. To improve women's retention rates, this article proposes
a closer examination of the culture of science to discover what it is about it that
women might find uncomfortable, that could create a 'chilly climate' for them. A 2-year
ethnographic study of a university research laboratory group was conducted that identified
the group's communication style as problematic for some female members. A weekly meeting
was selected that exemplifies several of the dynamics of the communication style that
women at this laboratory had found problematic. An analysis of this meeting identified
specific features of the talk and examined research findings from the fields of language
and gender research and laboratory studies to explain why women might find these features
problematic." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Barriers and constraints : women physicists' perceptions of career progress
Autor/in:
Hodgson, Barbara; Scanlon, Eileen; Whitelegg, Elizabeth
Quelle: Physics education, Vol. 35 (2000) No. 6, S. 454-459
Inhalt: "Researchers in the area of women in science are trying to understand how the participation of women in science can be increased and also what prevents women from developing scientific careers. Past influential work supports the importance of taking the perspective of women's education and career paths as a whole, emphasizing the importance of structural and social factors in career progress. This paper reports some outcomes from an interview study with women PhD physicists working in a variety of science-related careers. Our aim is to explore and document the career experience of women scientists and to identify barriers and constraints to women's participation in science careers and to investigate ways in which educational experiences contribute to career progress." (author's abstract)