A Genderless Protest: Women Confronting Romanian Communism
Autor/in:
Petrescu, Cristina
Quelle: Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 16 (2014) 2, S 79-101
Inhalt: Far from accomplishing its utopian plans of transforming society, communism did not turn gender equality into a reality either. This paper moves beyond the common-place approaches that simply underline the failures of this political system and presumes that women experienced communism in very diverse and often ambiguous ways, for public and private roles conflicted more often than not. From among the few individuals who dared to articulate critical thoughts on Romanian communism prior to its collapse of 1989, the present paper recuperates the experience of three women. Members of the urban educated elite, they believed nonetheless in different values and pursued different strategies of expressing discontent with the regime. These female critics of the communist system went beyond personal or group interests, but among the issues of public concern they raised none belonged to a feminist agenda. Yet, these women acted as if gender equality was a reality in Ceauşescu’s Romania: they considered themselves the equal partners of like-minded men, while their male peers accepted them as such, for equalitarian perceptions of genders shaped the public roles assumed by non-conformist Romanian intellectuals. The example of these three women does not prove that communism succeeded in redefining the status of women, but it illustrates how the urban educated social group experienced gender relations then. No feminists in thinking, these three women were so in their behavior. Their criticism of Ceauşescu’s communism was genderless, but it nonetheless strengthened the idea that women are no less than men.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Widerstand; resistance; kulturelle Vielfalt; cultural diversity; woman; Dissident; dissident; Kommunismus; communism; sozialer Wandel; social change; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Rumänien; Romania
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Gender differences within the German-language Wikipedia
Titelübersetzung:Les différences entre les sexes au sein du projet Wikipédia en allemand
Autor/in:
Sichler, Almut; Prommer, Elizabeth
Quelle: ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies, 7 (2014) 2, S 77-93
Inhalt: The Wikipedia project constitutes the currently most-used and most comprehensive online encyclopedia in the world (Schneider, 2008, p. 35) and is advertising itself as free and open for everyone, and in terms of an encyclopedia as diverse and balanced at all levels. But from a gender perspective there is a huge discrepancy in sex ratio within Wikipedia’s community. In 2005, researchers at University of Würzburg found that women constitute only 10 % of German-language Wikipedia authors (Schroer&Hertel, 2009, p. 104). This fact leads to the presumption, that Wikipedia’s reflection of the world mediates and interprets a mainly male conception of the world and thus displays an inequality with reference to modern society. Proceeding from the assumption that women and men have different communication behaviours as well as different perceptions and interpretations of communication in almost all aspects of social interaction including e.g. conversational strategies, conflict management and negotiation skills, we hypothesize that these different ways of communication significantly affect the motivation of female Wikipedia contributors.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Kommunikationsverhalten; Geschlechterverhältnis; Wikipedia; Netzgemeinschaft; communication behavior; internet community; Wikipedia; Web 2.0; web 2.0; gender-specific factors
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung
Ausschluss und Selbstausschluss - Selektion und soziale Ungleichheit in hochschulischen Übergängen
Autor/in:
Lange-Vester, Andrea
Quelle: Übergänge im Spannungsfeld von Expansion und Exklusion: eine Analyse der Schnittstellen im deutschen Hochschulsystem. Bielefeld (GEW-Materialien aus Hochschule und Forschung), 2014, S 193-209
Schlagwörter:gender relations; social milieu; soziale Herkunft; university; Federal Republic of Germany; university system; rational choice theory; wissenschaftliche Arbeit; structural reform; Strukturreform; soziale Differenzierung; university research; social inequality; group; Bildungssoziologie; studies (academic); Bourdieu, P.; soziales Milieu; social background; scientific activity; Gruppe; Bildungsbeteiligung; reform; Studium; Hochschulforschung; Hochschulwesen; Reform; Geschlechterverhältnis; social differentiation; Rational-Choice-Theorie; Bourdieu, P.; soziale Ungleichheit; participation in education; sociology of education
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie, Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich
Titelübersetzung:Arbeit und Männlichkeit im Kleinbergbau Katangas
Autor/in:
Cuvelier, Jeroen
Quelle: Africa Spectrum, 49 (2014) 2, S 3-26
Inhalt: "Dieser Beitrag basiert auf 16-monatiger ethnologischer Feldforschung in den Jahren 2005 bis 2012 und untersucht die Beziehung zwischen der Arbeit von Minenarbeitern (creuseurs), die in der Provinz Katanga im Südosten der Demokratischen Republik Kongo handwerklichen Bergbau betreiben, und ihren Vorstellungen von Männlichkeit. Der Autor argumentiert, die Beteiligung von Männern am Kleinbergbau könne nicht nur als wirtschaftliche Überlebensstrategie interpretiert werden, sondern auch als Versuch, vor dem Hintergrund der ökonomischen Krise und eines Wandels der Geschlechterbeziehungen mit neuen Formen männlicher Existenz zu experimentieren. Er kritisiert die Tendenz, die Vielfältigkeit der Prozesse männlicher Identitätsbildung in den vom Kleinbergbau geprägten Regionen Afrikas zu unterschätzen. Um der Komplexität dieser Prozesse gerecht zu werden, schlägt er vor, Konzepte und Forschungsergebnisse aus dem Bereich der Männlichkeitsforschung einzubeziehen und zudem zwischen einem egalisierenden und einem differenzierenden Trend in der maskulinen Lebenspraxis der Bergarbeiter zu unterscheiden." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article, based on 16 months of anthropological fieldwork between 2005 and 2012, examines the relationship between work and masculinity among artisanal miners, or creuseurs, in Katanga, the southeastern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It argues that men's involvement in artisanal mining should be considered not only as an economic survival strategy but also as an attempt to experiment with new ways of being a man in a context of economic crisis and changing gender relations. Furthermore, the article criticizes the tendency to downplay or underestimate the complexity and diversity of processes of masculine identity construction in Africa's artisanal-mining areas. In order to do justice to the intricacy of these processes, the article proposes using concepts and insights from the field of masculinity studies and distinguishing between a levelling and a differentiating trend in artisanal miners' masculinity practices." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender relations; Bergmann; Arbeit; handicraft trade; Identitätsbildung; Afrika südlich der Sahara; Handwerk; Africa; Bergbau; labor; man; Afrika; masculinity; Demokratische Republik Kongo; mining; Central Africa; identity formation; Zentralafrika; Mann; Geschlechterverhältnis; French-speaking Africa; Entwicklungsland; Democratic Republic of the Congo; miner; Männlichkeit; Africa South of the Sahara; developing country; frankophones Afrika
SSOAR Kategorie:Ethnologie, Kulturanthropologie, Ethnosoziologie, Wirtschaftssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Wirtschaftssektoren
Experiences of migration as a space for reflection: renegotiating gender roles in family relationships
Autor/in:
Dudt, Muriel; Kempf, Andreas Oskar; Satola, Agnieszka
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung, 15 (2014) 1-2, S 97-113
Inhalt: "Based on biographical narrative interviews with three migrant women, the article discusses how migration experiences can lead to a reflection of gender roles. In the three cases, there are various motivations for migration, different family arrangements and work experiences throughout the migration process, and also a change of roles of the women within their families. For the interview partners, the access to material resources achieved partly under great sacrifice and the possibility to compare different life contexts and gender regimes triggered an ambivalent process of reflection on gender relations. Their reorganization of gender relations can be rather incomplete or require strong legitimization upon return; it can also be transmitted as a project for the next generation to complete." (author's abstract)
Erwachsene zwischen Aktivierung und Prekarisierung - institutionelle Interventionen und biografische Verarbeitungen im Wohlfahrtsstaat: Tagung am 21. Januar 2014 an der Universität Kassel
Titelübersetzung:Young adults between activation and precarization - institutional interventions and biographical processing in the welfare state: conference, 21 January 2014, University of Kassel
Autor/in:
Coppi, Joana
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 6 (2014) 3, S 147–151
Inhalt: "Im Rahmen einer Abschlusstagung stellten die Mitglieder der Nachwuchsgruppe 'Junge Erwachsene zwischen Aktivierung und Prekarisierung - Institutionelle Interventionen und biografische Verarbeitungen im Wohlfahrtsstaat' ihre Forschungsergebnisse vor, die sich mit der aktivierenden Arbeitsmarkt-, Sozial und Familienpolitik beschäftigen. Aus der Perspektive der darin eingebundenen jungen Erwachsenen untersuchten die Projekte die wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Rahmenbedingungen und fokussierten dabei die durch Handlungen vermittelten Wechselwirkungen von Subjekten und Institutionen sowie dahinterliegende Geschlechterarrangements." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The members of the junior research group 'Young adults between activation and precarization - institutional interventions and biographical processing in the welfare state' presented their research findings on labour market, social and family policy. The projects analyzed, from the perspective of the involved young adults, the welfare state framework conditions and focused on actionbased inter actions of subjects and institutions as well as underlying gender arrangements." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:gender relations; social policy; junger Erwachsener; Prekarisierung; welfare state; Arbeitsmarktpolitik; young adult; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechterverhältnis; precariousness; labor market policy; gender-specific factors; activation; Sozialpolitik; Aktivierung; Wohlfahrtsstaat
SSOAR Kategorie:Allgemeines, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Methoden, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Sozialpolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Gender - Schule - Chancengleichheit?! Kongress mit Fortbildung für Lehrer/innen und pädagogische Fachkräfte am 5. Juni 2014 im Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum in Paderborn
Titelübersetzung:Gender - School - Equality?! Congress and professional training for teachers and other educators, 5 June 2014, Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum Paderborn
Autor/in:
Glockentöger, Ilke
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 6 (2014) 3, S 152–157
Inhalt: "Der Kongress 'Gender - Schule - Chancengleichheit?!' sollte den Abschluss eines Forschungsprojekts zu Geschlechterkonzepten im Bildungsbereich an der Universität Paderborn bilden - und war zugleich Ausgangspunkt für die Weiterführung der vertieften Reflexion zu dieser Thematik. In der sehr gelungenen Verknüpfung von wissenschaftlicher Theorie und pädagogischer Praxis wurde die andauernde Virulenz der Geschlechterproblematik in Bildung und Erziehung deutlich, deren Komplexität professionelles Handeln zu einer täglichen Herausforderung werden lässt. 'Fertige Rezepte' gab es deshalb für die rund 170 Teilnehmenden aus frühkindlicher Bildung, Schule, Sozialarbeit und Hochschule nicht. Dafür wurden aber Fachvorträge und zahlreiche Workshops mit verschiedenen Themenschwerpunkten veranstaltet, die Raum für gemeinsame Diskussion und Auseinandersetzung boten." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The congress 'Gender - School - Equality?!' was intended to be the closing event of a research project on gender concepts in the field of education initiated at the University of Paderborn in 2013. However, it turned out to the starting point for further discussion and reflection on gender issues in education. The combination of theoretical perspectives and practical experience showed how deep gender is ingrained in all dimensions of educational work, whose complexity makes professional action a daily challenge. The around 170 participants from the realms of education, school, social work and university were not given any ready-made solutions for these challenges, but they appreciated the different focuses of the keynotes and workshops which provided sufficient scope for discussion and controversy." (author's abstract)
Outsiders within: framing and regulation of headscarves in France, Germany and the Netherlands
Autor/in:
Lettinga, Doutje; Saharso, Sawitri
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 2 (2014) 3, S 29-39
Inhalt: While women in Europe who wear the Islamic headscarf are generally seen as outsiders who do not belong to the nation, some countries are more tolerant towards the wearing of headscarves than others. France, Germany and the Netherlands have developed different policies regarding veiling. In this paper we describe how headscarves became regulated in each of these countries and discuss the ways in which French, Dutch and German politicians have deliberated the issue. The paper is based on a content analysis of parliamentary debates on veiling in France (1989-2007), Germany (1997-2007) and the Netherlands (1985-2007). Our aim is to discuss what these national political debates reveal about the way in which the social inclusion of Islamic women in (or rather exclusion from) the nation is perceived in these three countries. Our claim is that veiling arouses opposition because it challenges national self-understandings. Yet, because nations have different histories of nation building, these self-understandings are challenged in various ways and hence, governments have responded to headscarves with diverse regulation. While we did find national differences, we also discovered that the political debates in the three countries are converging over time. The trend is towards increasingly gendered debates and more restrictive headscarf policies. This, we hypothesize, is explained by international polarization around Islam and the strength of the populist anti-immigrant parties across Europe.
