Karrieren von Frauen in Unternehmen - Chancen
erhöhen mit der Gender-und-Diversity-Strategie
Titelübersetzung:Female careers in businesses - increasing opportunities by adopting a gender and diversity strategy
Autor/in:
Macha, Hildegard
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 6 (2014) 3, S 43-60
Inhalt: "Dieser Beitrag zeigt, mit welchen Effekten zu rechnen ist, wenn in Unternehmen mit der Gender-und-Diversity-Strategie ein Bewusstseinsprozess durch Weiterbildungstrainings zugunsten von Frauenkarrieren erreicht werden soll. Auf der Basis fundamentaler Ergebnisse der Genderforschung werden EntscheidungsträgerInnen in Unternehmen darin geschult und beraten, langfristig zu einem Abbau hierarchischer Geschlechterverhältnisse beizutragen. Aufbauend auf theoretischen Grundlagen der Genderforschung werden hierfür ein pädagogisches Interventions- und ein Evaluationsdesign entwickelt, in der Praxis mit 20 Klein- und Mittelständischen Unternehmen (KMU) umgesetzt und mit wissenschaftlicher Evaluation auf seine Wirksamkeit hin überprüft. Die Datenanalyse belegt, wie die Gender-und-Diversity-Strategie in der unternehmerischen Praxis zu einem Prozess des organisationalen Lernens führt, der Karrieren von Frauen besser zu fördern erlaubt und insgesamt zu mehr Geschlechtergerechtigkeit führt. Der methodische Zusammenhang zwischen Theorie, Intervention und Evaluation wird bestätigt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article shows the possible effects of the gender and diversity strategy in businesses through trainings on the awareness-raising for female careers. Based on fundamental gender research results, decision-makers in businesses are trained in and advised on how to contribute to ending gender hierarchies in the long term. Drawing on fundamental theoretical principles of gender research, various pedagogical interventions in 20 small and medium-sized enterprises were conducted by means of specific pedagogical intervention and evaluation designs. The steps and measures were all evaluated accordingly. Data analysis demonstrates how the gender and diversity strategy leads to a process of organizational learning in businesses which helps to better promote female careers and leads to more gender equality. The article confirms the methodological connections between theory, intervention and evaluation." (author's abstract)
Inhalt: "Im Mittelpunkt des Artikels steht die Fragestellung, welche Verbindungen zwischen einer Weiblichen Kultur und der Krise um 1900 bestehen. Diese markante Zeitenwende konfrontierte den Einzelnen im Deutschen Kaiserreich mit einer Gesellschaft, die sich im Umbruch von der Agrar- zur Industrienation befand. Das Soziale und Kulturelle wurde in den Sog des Wandels gezogen. Die Zeitgenossen nahmen diese Umwälzung als eine tiefe Krise wahr. Das Geschlechterverhältnis war in einer Form von den Wandlungen betroffen, dass es zu den am meisten diskutierten Themen der Jahrhundertwende zählte. Krise, Kultur und Geschlecht überlagerten sich in den zeitgenössischen Auseinandersetzungen. An den drei verschiedenen Ideen einer Weiblichen Kultur von Georg Simmel, Marianne Weber und Benedict Friedlaender soll nachgezeichnet werden, wie sich die Verquickungen von Krise, Kultur und Geschlecht vollzogen und welche Rolle dem Weiblichen bei der Bewältigung der Krise von den drei AutorInnen zugeschrieben wurde." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: In this thesis I explore exercise-related guilt experienced by mid-age women. While guilt occupies a prominent place in women’s narratives about exercise, it has been largely overlooked in sociocultural research on health, fitness, and related discourses. I argue that guilt plays a significant—and often negative—role in women’s experiences of exercise (e.g., anticipation, performance, and retrospection), often manifesting in anxiety, internalised self-critical surveillance, and even depression. Mid-age women are targets of gendered societal messages and discourses celebrating and moralising an idealised fit feminine body. I draw on the concept of ‘the imperative pathway’ to show how discourses around women’s exercise, health, and bodies create an impasse that is fraught with guilt feelings: complex social forces impose a nexus of responsibilities that reduce available time and resources, while an aging body imposes physical limitations and changes. As a self-conscious emotion (e.g., not directly observable), guilt is a difficult construct to engage with empirically and ethically. I adopt a heuristic and pragmatic approach reflecting a poststructural ethos that recognizes individuals’ fluid subjectivities. Through reflexive online and offline observations, conversations, and interrogations, I interacted with women, listened to their voices, and the voices surrounding them. In my analysis of these voices, I draw on theorists from a range of disciplines, taking inspiration from Marcel Mauss who advocates including bio-psycho-social aspects in human scrutiny. My aim has been the creation of a rich, holistic picture of how guilt (defined by women themselves) interacts with socially constructed notions of exercise, and how it operates within mid-age women’s exercise realities. I also provide a space for their voices as they navigate challenging tensions of responsibility, power, and desire. In pursuit of these aims I ask questions such as: what do women deem to be their sources of exercise-related guilt? How does their guilt manifest? How do they manage it? How does it operate in their lives? I suggest that women’s exercise-related guilt is often induced by the well-meaning, blamed on the less culpable, and discomfiting for more than the obviously vulnerable; it inhibits many of the intended positive outcomes of the inducers, and drives a self-perpetuating bio-psycho-social cycle of self-incrimination. I strive to offer women alternative, and more critical, ways of thinking about guilt relative to exercise. I hope to provide women with the opportunity to share similar experiences, and thus help alleviate negative responses to feelings of exercise-related guilt. Finally, I trust my analysis can offer ideas for more holistic, empathetic, and critically informed communication to women that are sensitive to the potentially emotionally damaging effects of perpetuating norms relative to their bodies and social expectations.
Being a woman and having an injured body: a study of social representations
Autor/in:
Alves, Raiana Marinho; Carvalho, Evanilda Souza de Santana; Oliveira, Jeane Freitas de; Araújo, Edna Maria de
Quelle: Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado é Fundamental Online, 6 (2014) 4, S 1513-1524
Inhalt: Objective: To discuss the social representations of women with chronic wounds about being a woman and having a body injured and the implications of these representations on social relations. Methods: Qualitative research with women with chronic wounds, attended at health units in Bahia who answered the interview in depth and draft-story theme. The data were submitted to thematic content analysis. Results: Representations about being a woman and having a wounded body are centered on ideas and experiences that reveal stigma, pain, sadness, loneliness, irritation, dependence, and the need to approach God. Conclusion: The representations of the participants interfere in the way of dressing, of relating to oneself and to the people in their surroundings implying in isolation and solitude. Representations reproduce stigmas about body image that do not meet socially and culturally determined beauty and health criteria.
Schlagwörter:woman; Schönheit; beauty; Körperbild; body image; Identität; identity; gender; Gesundheit; health; chronische Krankheit; chronic illness; Krankenpflege; nursing; Pflege; caregiving; soziale Isolation; social isolation; Einsamkeit; solitude; psychische Faktoren; psychological factors; Brasilien; Brazil; Lateinamerika; Latin America; Südamerika; South America
SSOAR Kategorie:Medizinsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpsychologie
Titelübersetzung:Geschichte des Wissens, Terrorismus und Gender
Autor/in:
Grisard, Dominique
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 82-99
Inhalt: This article focuses on 20th-century terrorist phenomena as gendered objects of knowledge produced and disseminated through history books, mass media and state institutions. By taking 1970s West German terrorism as my field of inquiry, this article will critically discuss how a bourgeois understanding of violence as fundamentally masculine has shaped the way terrorism has been represented, conceptualized and historicized thus far. I will go on to problematize the mas-culine gaze of mass media and state institutions and their tendency to objectify the terrorist. Last but not least, I will delineate how mass media and historiog-raphy of terrorism have relied on a narrative structure that pits rebellious sons and masculine daughters against figural and literal fathers, a frame that is overtly masculine and familial. In so doing I will point to blind spots in the study of 1970s terrorism, namely masculinity and the gender of state institutions. My goal is thus to show how not just individual and symbolic, but also institutional facets of the bourgeois gender order influence the way terrorism has been conceptualized and historicized thus far.
Schlagwörter:Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; gender role; Federal Republic of Germany; Geschlechtsrolle; historiography; RAF; Geschichtsschreibung; feminism; masculinity; mass media; gender; Stereotyp; Gender; stereotype; woman; Feminismus; political violence; Männlichkeit; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; RAF; oedipal narrative
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Titelübersetzung:Geschlecht und Terrorismus in städtischen Räumen
Autor/in:
Keenan, Kevin
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 100-114
Inhalt: Theoretical development within gender studies and terrorism studies has occurred along the axes of identity, material and spatial power and inequality, and geography. Gender scholars have been concerned with the transformation of oppressive political structures, with increased inequality and understanding how gender structures limit women’s opportunities, and with the role of separate geo-graphical and social spheres in shaping outcomes. Terrorism scholars have con-ceptualized terror as a political process, the result largely of economic inequality and to some extent, gender structures, and they have articulated a role for urban space in conceptualizing interventionist policy to ameliorate the terrorist threat. This paper traces the development of these theoretical traditions, pointing out the thematic similarities, but also the dissimilar objects of inquiry. A review of the scholarship where gender informs terrorism studies points the way to future development of scholarship around (1) solving the global terrorism problem by further understanding gender structures for both men and women; (2) the role of urban and non-urban spaces as the backdrop for terrorist recruitment and formation processes; and (3) how gender is likely to affect actual survival for gendered urban populations when terrorism occurs.
Schlagwörter:perception; gender studies; gender; Wahrnehmung; Risiko; Gender; risk; Bedrohung; Stadt; USA; woman; town; Geschlechterforschung; Feminismus; terrorism; feminism; threat; Terrorismus; United States of America; urban space; hazards
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Titelübersetzung:Politikwissenschaft, Terrorismus und Gender
Autor/in:
Herschinger, Eva
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 46-66
Inhalt: This contribution aims to give an overview on the state of the art of research on terrorism and gender in the field of Political Science and International Relations (IR). Contemporary analyses of terrorism have begun integrating gender aspects into their frameworks. This article supports the call for a much more coherent use of gender as an analytical category as this is beneficial for the analysis of ter-rorism in a threefold manner. First, gender as an analytical category in the study of terrorism exposes the gender blindness of the term terrorism; second, gender challenges the political myth of protection central to international politics, i.e. that states can legitimately fight wars to protect the vulnerable – vulgo women and children. Third, gender also challenges the myth of an intrinsic peacefulness/vulnerability of women. The paper closes with the plea to integrate a coherent historical dimension into a gendered analysis of terrorism in order to potentially achieve a more empirically attuned theoretical understanding of terrorism and political violence in current times.
Schlagwörter:international relations; gender; Stereotyp; victim; Opfer; violence; stereotype; Gewalt; woman; political violence; Täter; internationale Beziehungen; gender-specific factors; terrorism; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; political science; Politikwissenschaft; offender
SSOAR Kategorie:Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, Sicherheitspolitik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialgeschichte, historische Sozialforschung
Mediating the female terrorist: Patricia Hearst and the containment of the feminist terrorist threat in the United States in the 1970s
Titelübersetzung:Die Medialisierung des weiblichen Terroristen: Patricia Hearst und die Eindämmung der feministischen terroristischen Bedrohung in den USA in den 1970er Jahren
Autor/in:
Third, Amanda
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 150-175
Inhalt: In January 1976, the trial of Patricia Campbell Hearst caused a Western media sensation. Representing the culmination of her spectacular kidnapping and conversion to the terrorist cause of the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA), Hearst was on trial for her participation in the Hibernia National Bank robbery almost two years earlier. As of the commencement of the trial, the story of the heiress-come-female-terrorist had been captivating Western media audiences for two years. This article analyses the ways that mainstream media coverage of this event operated to contain both the threat of this particular female terrorist, and the threat of second-wave feminism more broadly. Within Western culture, there has historically been a concern with the need to regulate the mainstream media’s coverage of terrorist events. In this line of thinking, the mainstream media are a precondition for, and a potential site of the contagion of, terrorism. However, as I demonstrate, ultimately, mainstream media coverage of terrorist events in which women are key protagonists operates to recuperate the threat of terrorism. In doing so, it reproduces and reasserts dominant patriarchal gender relations and thus works in the interests of dominant culture, rather than against them.
Schlagwörter:gender relations; gender; Mediatisierung; Berichterstattung; Gender; Massenmedien; Diskurs; discourse; USA; woman; Geschlechterverhältnis; Feminismus; political violence; terrorism; feminism; mediatization; reporting; politische Gewalt; Terrorismus; United States of America; mass media; Patty Hearst; second-wave feminism
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung
Escaping/transgressing the feminine: bodies, prisons and weapons of proximity
Titelübersetzung:Weiblichkeit überwinden/überschreiten: Körper, Gefängnisse und die Waffen der Nähe
Autor/in:
Agra Romeo, María Xosé
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 39 (2014) 3, S 115-134
Inhalt: Assuming that gender relationships are essential to any analysis of terrorism and political violence, I shall examine how the sex-gender stereotypes work, as well as their transgressions. The female military protagonists in the Abu Ghraib media scandal and the women prisoners of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the dirty protest in Armagh (1980) are used as a framework in which issues of visibility/invisibility, independence/ dependence, invulnerability/ vulnerability of women will be addressed. The paper pays particular attention to both the violence against the body and also to the use of the body as a political weapon. From this perspective I analyse both the differences and similarities of menstrual blood as a weapon of proximity in both contexts. The two cases have in common the fact that they occurred in prisons and that women embodied non-traditional roles: soldiers, women political prisoners, allowing for reflection from feminist perspectives on the female inclusion in the citizenship, on participation in political violence and terrorism and on agency and autonomy.