Some remarks on gender equality in higher education in Switzerland
Autor/in:
Ziegler, Béatrice
Quelle: International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 21 (2001) No. 1/2, S. 44-49
Inhalt: "The article states that Switzerland is still far from gender-equality at university;
highlights that it is only recently that the Federal government has set the goal of
doubling the percentage of women in the ranks of professors from 5.7 per cent to over
10 per cent; describes the actual situation in different fields of education according
to gender relations and gives evidence about recent nationwide efforts to fight female
discrimination." (author's abstract)|
On metaphors on the position of women in academia and science
Autor/in:
Husu, Liisa
Quelle: Nora, Vol. 9 (2001) No. 3, S. 172-181
Inhalt: "In research and science policy on women in academia, various metaphors are often
used to crystallize the complexities of women's position and persistent inequalities
there. Although research has gradually shifted from a 'women as a problem' perspective
towards problematizing academia, metaphors focusing on women abound. Metaphors in
this field are explored in terms of their focus and approach to power, resistance,
agency and change. Many metaphors depict women's position in academia as static rather
than dynamic. Very few include references to women's agency and resistance. A more
critical approach towards metaphors in both research and science policy is advocated."
(author's abstract)|
Hochschulentwicklung als Komplexitätsproblem : Fallstudien des Wandels
Titelübersetzung:University development as a complexity problem : case studies on change
Autor/in:
Kehm, Barbara M.; Pasternack, Peer
Quelle: Weinheim: Beltz (Wittenberger Hochschulforschung : Studien des Instituts für Hochschulforschung Wittenberg an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), 2001. 254 S.
Inhalt: Die Aufgabe der Hochschulreform erfordert einen Eingriff in ein komplexes, überdurchschnittlich reformresistentes System. Das Scheitern von Hochschulreformen wird abwechselnd auf deren Unter- und Überkomplexität zurückgeführt. Die Verfasser setzen sich in Form von sechs Fallstudien mit der Frage auseinander, wie Problemlösungen für den Hochschulsektor zu gestalten sind. Diese Fallstudien behandeln (1) den ostdeutschen Transformationsfall als Geschichte einer Komplexitätsreduktion, (2) europäische Trends und Internationalisierungsstrategien von Hochschulen in Deutschland zwischen Pragmatik und Innovation, (3) die Diskussion um gestufte Abschlüsse und die Funktionen von Hochschulbildung, (4) die Funktionserweiterung der Hochschulen durch lebenslanges Lernen, (5) Qualitätssicherung als Komplexitätsproblem und (6) Optionen der Qualitätsentwicklung in Europa. Abschließend wird ein Fazit mit Blick auf die Steuerungsproblematik im Hochschulsektor gezogen. (ICE2)
Schlagwörter:Hochschulwesen; Reform; Reformpolitik; Komplexität; neue Bundesländer; alte Bundesländer; Transformation; Internationalisierung; Master; Bachelor; Qualitätssicherung; lebenslanges Lernen; Hochschulpolitik
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaftspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Frauenförderung in Wissenschaft und Forschung : überholter Ansatz oder zukunftsweisende Politik?
Herausgeber/in:
Mühlenbruch, Brigitte; Kompetenzzentrum Frauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung -CEWS-
Quelle: Kompetenzzentrum Frauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung -CEWS-; Bonn (cews.publik, No. 1), 2001. 63 S.
Inhalt: "Es handelt sich um die Dokumentation des gleichnamigen Kongresses vom 28. Mai 2001, in dessen Rahmen die aktuelle Situation analysiert und Best-Practice-Beispiele vorgestellt wurden. Der Kongress hat die Situation der Frauen in Wissenschaft und Forschung in Deutschland sichtbar gemacht und auf der Grundlage dieser Bestandsaufnahme sowohl die Komplexität der anstehenden Aufgaben als auch erfolgversprechende Ansatzpunkte für Lösungen im Bereich der Verwirklichung der Chancengleichheit deutlich aufgezeigt. Die Dokumentation enthält das Grundsatzreferat der Bundesministerin für Bildung und Forschung, Einzelbeiträge aus Dänemark und Schweden und stellt das neue Förderinstrument des Total E-Quality Prädikats für den Bereich Hochschulen und Forschungseinrichtungen vor. Die drei Kongress-Gesprächsforen zu unterschiedlichen Themenbereichen werden in zusammengefasster Form angeboten." (Autorenreferat)
Women in higher education in Poland : the hidden face of the process of feminisation
Autor/in:
Portet, Stéphane
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/03), 2001. 40 S.
Inhalt: "During the last decade the Polish higher education has undergone a great transformation. The law on higher education voted in 1990, just after the systemic changes, is still ruling the system today. This law was the base of the development of private higher education and of the increasing autonomy of the state system. The most important facts concerning this period are: the increase of the number of students, marketisation, and the creation of new diplomas corresponding to European norms. Poland has 1.431.900 students, 56.9% are women (year 1999, source: GUS 2000). The number of students has increased by 455% since 1990. This increase has been accompanied by the development of the private sector. A third of students are registered in such schools, mostly in Finance, Banking and Management and Law. There are 174 private higher education institutions out of a total of 287 (among them fifteen universities). For 1999, the number of students registered in the first year in private institutions is almost equal to the number in state institutions. A great part of the increase in the number of students is due to the development of evening, extramural, external and week-end courses. This could be considered a particularity of the Polish system. Students enrolled in daily courses represent only 46% of the total. These kind of daily studies are the only ones to be free of charges. A great deal of students registered in private higher education institutions come from the lower social classes and rural areas. The Polish system is divided into universities and professional higher education institutions. Since 1997, professional high education institutions propose two stage-degrees: a bachelor degree (three years, 'licencjat', or four years 'Engineer') and a master's degree. This seems to better correspond to the needs of the economy towards intermediate management and at the same in accordance with the European model. A new law which is still in debate proposes to extend this system to the universities. This reform raises a debate about what constitutes Higher Education. The main issues are the problem of the quality of studies, the financial autonomy of higher education institutions, the level of scientific activities and the management of academic staff's careers. Concerning the academic staff the Polish system appears to be really hierarchical with many types of appointments. It is facing a difficult financial situation which forced most of academics to find supplementary job. In the last period, the academic staff has become more and more feminised, even if at the top positions men are still the majority. But such a feminisation appears at a time where academic appointments are less and less interesting in comparison to the opportunities offered by the private sector. Which is the reason why one could say that women are 'winners among losers'." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Polen; Hochschulwesen; Wissenschaftlerin; Bildungswesen; Studentin; Hochschulbildung; Hochschullehrerin; postsozialistisches Land
Higher education in Sweden : between 'rolling reforms' and stable patterns
Autor/in:
Schenk, Anett
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/02), 2001. 62 S.
Inhalt: "Both gender equality and education policy are important priorities on the political agenda in Europe. The Research and Training Network 'Women in European Universities' focuses on higher education and women's career-perspectives in systems of higher education of seven European countries (Austria, France, Germany, Poland, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom). The main focus of the project is to explore the 'glass-ceiling' that women meet when they chose a career in academia and strive for top rank positions such as professorships. As a first step in our research, it is important to understand the different systems of higher education, as well as recent changes and challenges to women in academia. This contextual analysis is one result of the first phase of the research project and shall provide information about the Swedish system of higher education. The Swedish system of higher education underwent fundamental changes in both organisational form and ideological practice during the last thirty years. Especially the three reforms in the 90's gave the higher education system in Sweden a new face: They gave more weight to management structures, fixed-term contracts and focused more on an Anglo-American model of higher education than on the 'old' Humboldtian model. The reforms brought important changes for the Swedish system of higher education, but certain patterns remain untouched. One can still find the 'hidden binary system' within university colleges representing institutions to undergraduate education and universities that offer post-graduate education and research. And to a certain extent, this builds the ground for the remaining persistence of sex-specific divisions in both fields of study and different posts on the academic career ladder." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Schweden; Hochschullehrerin; Hochschulwesen; Reform; Hochschulbildung; Frauenförderung; Studentin; Statistik
CEWS Kategorie:Bildung und Erziehung, Hochschulen, Statistik und statistische Daten
Quelle: Münster (Training paper / Women in European Universities, Research and Training Network, 01/05), 2001. 66 S.
Inhalt: "The higher education system in Germany is since 1960s undergoing a period of constant transformation. In 1960s and 1970s the university was challenged by massive expansion and demand for democratization of its internal structure. Nowadays, with insufficient funding and staffing levels most of the reforms are efficiency driven aimed at rationalization and marketization of the system affecting institutions, students and academic staff as well. Germany has a kind of double higher education structure with universities allowed to award doctorates and habilitations and Fachhochschulen - institutions created in 1970s to provide shorter and more vocationally oriented study courses. There are 344 institutions of higher education, both public and private with about 1.800.000 students, majority if them being men. Women entered higher education in Germany only at beginning of 20th century and up to now their proportion at every hierarchy level within academia falls under European average. Even so, they are mainly clustered in lower positions with less than 10% occupying top rank positions and horizontally segregated between art and humanities on one side and engineering, natural sciences and medicine on the other. The problem of promotion of women in higher education and science has been receiving considerable attention in last two decades and we witness rather un-precedented increase of women at all career stages though in absolute numbers still few women are involved." (author's abstract)