The educational attainment of the second generation in Germany: social origins and ethnic inequality
Titelübersetzung:Die Schulleistungen der zweiten Generation in Deutschland: soziale Herkunft und ethnische Ungleichheit
Autor/in:
Kristen, Cornelia; Granato, Nadia
Quelle: Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesagentur für Arbeit (IAB); Nürnberg (IAB Discussion Paper: Beiträge zum wissenschaftlichen Dialog aus dem Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 4/2007), 2007. 33 S
Inhalt: Anhand von Daten aus dem deutschen Mikrozensus werden die Schulleistungen der zweiten Generation von Einwanderern in Deutschland untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Nachkommen der klassischen Gastarbeiter. Die Ergebnisse belegten, dass es beim Erreichen des höchsten Schulabschlusses, dem Abitur, große ethnische Differenzen gibt. Ausländische Jugendliche der zweiten Generation, vor allem Türken und Italiener, sind gegenüber gleichaltrigen Deutschen stark benachteiligt. Hieraus ergibt sich die zentrale Frage, inwieweit diese Unterschiede auf die soziale Herkunft zurückzuführen sind. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, das ethnische Benachteiligungen in erster Linie auf soziale Ursachen, und nicht auf ethnische Ungleichheiten zurückzuführen sind. Eine Ausnahme bilden italienische Jugendliche. (IAB)
Inhalt: "With the German Microcensus we study the second generation’s educational attainment in Germany focusing on the descendants of classic labour migrants. Our results show that educational outcomes in terms of attending or completing the highest schooling track leading to the Abitur considerably vary among different ethnic groups. Second generation young adults, in particular Turks and Italians, experience pronounced disadvantages in comparison to their German peers. The central question in this context is to what extent ethnic stratification in the German school system is related to educational and social background. Our findings suggest that ethnic disadvantages primarily result from social rather than from specific ethnic inequalities, since initial differences in the chances of attaining the Abitur disappear after considering educational and social origin, the only exception being Italian young adults." [author's abstract]
Schlagwörter:Ausländer; alien; Kind; child; zweite Generation; second generation; Schulleistung; academic achievement; Schulabschluss; school graduation; soziale Herkunft; social background; Auswirkung; impact; Bildungsniveau; level of education; Jugendlicher; adolescent; Abitur; secondary school graduation certificate; Quote; quota; ethnische Gruppe; ethnic group; Mikrozensus; microcensus; Bildungschance; educational opportunity; Türke; Turk; Italiener; Italian; Benachteiligung; deprivation; Minderheit; minority; Jugoslawe; Yugoslavian; Grieche; Greek; Spanier; Spaniard; Portugiese; Portuguese; Einwanderung; immigration; gender-specific factors; alte Bundesländer; old federal states; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie, Migration, Arbeitsmarktforschung
The relative effectiveness of government and private schools in Pakistan: are girls worse off?
Autor/in:
Aslam, Monazza
Quelle: University of Cambridge, Faculty of Education, Research Consortium on Educational Outcomes and Poverty (RECOUP); Cambridge (RECOUP Working Papers, 4), 2007. 35 S
Inhalt: Recent evidence from Pakistan points to significant pro-male bias within households in the allocation of education expenditures. This raises two important questions: Is less spent on enrolled girls than boys through differential school-type choice for the two sexes, for example
through a greater likelihood of sending boys to fee-charging private schools? And, if indeed this is the case, are girls thereby condemned to lower quality schooling, on average, than boys? By asking these questions, this paper makes three contributions to the literature. Firstly, this is one of a very few studies in Pakistan to explore the question of the relative effectiveness of public and private schools despite there being an unprecedented expansion of fee-charging private schools in the last two decades. Secondly, unlike existing papers which focus on primary schooling, this study looks at potential learning gaps by school-type for students in their last year of middle school (grade 8), very near their transition to secondary schooling. Thirdly, it exploits unique, purposively-collected data from government and private school students and thus, in estimating achievement production functions, is able to control for a number of variables typically ‘unobserved’ by researchers. The findings reveal that boys are indeed more likely to be sent to private schools than girls within the household, so that differential school-type choice is an important channel of differential treatment against girls. Private schools are also found to be of better quality – they are more effective than government schools in imparting mathematics and literacy skills. Girls lose out vis a vis boys in terms not only of lower within-household educational expenditures but also in terms of the quality of schooling accessed.
Schlagwörter:Bildung; private household; education; Ausgaben; Benachteiligung; Pakistan; girl; expenditures; Mädchen; school system; general education school; Privatschule; Schulwahl; Schulwesen; gender-specific factors; school choice; deprivation; Pakistan; allgemein bildende Schule; private school; Privathaushalt; government/ private schools; achievement; middle-schools; school quality
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie, Makroebene des Bildungswesens, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Theoretische und praktische Ansatzpunkte für einen geschlechtsbewussten Umgang mit Rechtsextremismus in Schule und der Jugendarbeit
Autor/in:
Elverich, Gabi; Köttig, Michaela
Quelle: Mädchen und Frauen im Spannungsfeld von Demokratie und rechten Ideologien. Berlin (BAG-Info), 2007, S 10-25
Inhalt: Rechtsextremismus wurde und wird in der Öffentlichkeit häufig als Jugendphänomen diskutiert und aus dieser Perspektive ist Schule und Sozialarbeit mit der Aufforderung konfrontiert, für die Problemlösung verantwortlich zu sein. Rechtsextremismus entsteht und wirkt jedoch aus der Mitte der Gesellschaft, so dass sich auch alle gesellschaftlichen Institutionen und jede einzelne Person
in ihrem beruflichen und privaten Umfeld als "zuständig" begreifen sollten und dies nicht auf bestimmte Professionen delegiert werden kann. Dennoch stellt jugendlicher Rechtsextremismus für Schule und Sozialarbeit eine besondere Herausforderung dar, da Adoleszente dazu neigen, gesellschaftliche Grundstimmungen zugespitzt, d.h. z.B. besonders provokant und aggressiv auszuagieren. Schule und Sozialarbeit haben sehr unterschiedliche Aufgaben und gesellschaftliche
Funktionen und nehmen in der Auseinandersetzung mit Rechtsextremismus verschiedene Rollen ein. Zu Beginn wollen wir deshalb die Frage klären, was die jeweilige Besonderheiten von Schule und Sozialarbeit sind.
Schlagwörter:social work; political education; right-wing radicalism; politische Einstellung; Prävention; youth work; gender role; coping; prevention; Sozialisation; Geschlechtsrolle; Jugendlicher; socialization; intervention; political attitude; Intervention; group; Sozialarbeit; adolescent; politische Bildung; Gruppe; girl; Jugendarbeit; Mädchen; Schule; school; Problembewältigung; woman; Rechtsradikalismus; Rechtsextremismus; Mädchen und Frauen
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Determination of College Expectations in OECD Countries: The Role of Individual and Structural Factors
Autor/in:
Basl, Josef; Mateju, Petr; Smith, Michael L.; Soukup, Petr
Quelle: Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review, 43 (2007) 6, S 1121-1148
Inhalt: Renowned international experts in higher education financing have argued that, owing to large government deficits, tertiary education will not be able to open up and meet growing demand unless cost-sharing principles and efficient student financial aid programmes are introduced. Opponents of cost-sharing in higher education object that introducing tuition fees will raise inequality in access to higher education. Drawing on OECD data, and focusing on college expectations, the authors argue that the effects of ability, gender, and socio-economic background on college expectations are primarily shaped by the characteristics of secondary education systems, such as the degree of stratification and vocational specificity of secondary schools, while the principal characteristics of the tertiary education system, such as enrolment rates and the model of financing, play a much less important role. The results clearly show that, after controlling for the effects of secondary school system characteristics, cost-sharing, as such or by degree, does not affect the formation of college expectations by ability, gender, and socio-economic background as much as the selectivity of the secondary school system does.
Gender effects in children's development and education
Autor/in:
Bryce, Tom G.K.; Blown, Eric
Quelle: International Journal of Science Education, 29 (2007) 13, S 1655-1678
Inhalt: This paper attempts to clarify several lines of research on gender in development and education, inter-relating findings from studies on intuitive/informal knowledge with those from research on achievements and attitudes in science. It acknowledges the declining proportions of male teachers world-wide and examination successes which indicate a reversal of educational disadvantage from female to male; as well as the recent evidence on the effects of the gender of teachers upon student success. An empirical contribution to the literature is offered, drawing from the gender-related findings from research on children's cosmologies in China and New Zealand with 346 boys and 340 girls. The investigation focused on children's concepts of the motion and shape of the Earth through observational astronomy and gave children opportunities to express their ideas in several modalities. he in-depth interviews allowed children to share their meanings and gender differences became apparent (e.g. girls' superior ability to visually represent their cosmologies and boys’ greater awareness of gravity). However, these differences were not universal across genders or cultures and marked similarities were apparent both in the content of children's responses and in their reasoning processes. By comparing boy/girl cosmological concept categories and by tracking their developmental trends by age, statistical evidence revealed the extent of the similarities within and across these diverse cultures. The findings reinforce those from the authors' knowledge restructuring and cultural mediation studies and provide support for the view that boys and girls have similar, holistic-rather-than-fragmented, cosmologies which have features in common across cultures and ethnic groups.
Quelle: Statistisches Monatsheft Baden-Württemberg, (2007) 2, S 18-21
Schlagwörter:woman; university; Baden-Württemberg; Baden-Württemberg; Federal Republic of Germany; Studentin; female student; Studiengang; program of study; Linguistik; linguistics; Kulturwissenschaft; cultural studies; Studiendauer; duration of studies; Frauenanteil; proportion of women; Absolvent; graduate
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungswesen tertiärer Bereich, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie