Twenty years of EU gender mainstreaming: rebirth out of the ashes?
Titelübersetzung:Zwanzig Jahre EU Gender Mainstreaming: Wiedergeburt aus der Asche?
Autor/in:
Hubert, Agnès; Stratigaki, Maria
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 25 (2016) 2, S 21-36
Inhalt: Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der fortlaufenden Entwicklung von Gender Mainstreaming als gleichstellungspolitischer Strategie der EU und der Rolle die dabei politische Entscheidungsträger*innen haben, dieses neue Konzept zu implementieren und/oder zu instrumentalisieren. Von Beginn an wurde Gender Mainstreaming genutzt um den vorherigen Fokus auf Geschlecht auszudünnen und Ressourcen zu streichen, während zeitgleich die Entwicklung von GM sich in einem permanenten Machtkampf transformierte. Der Artikel fasst eingangs die zentralen Schritte und Forschungsergebnisse zur Einführung von Gender Mainstreaming in den frühen 1990er-Jahren zusammen und diskutiert entstehende Probleme durch verwandte Konzepte. Dann wird die Gegenreaktion zur EU Gleichstellungspolitik und die Herabstufung von Gender Mainstreaming bewertet, die sich im Zuge der 2004er Osterweiterung und der Finanz- und Staatsschuldenkrise seit 2008 entwickelte. Abschließend wird erläutert, warum Gender Mainstreaming dennoch die einzig effektive Strategie zum Abbau geschlechtsspezifischer Ungleichheiten in der EU bleibt – jedenfalls so lange die Strategie in ihrem ursprünglichen „transformativen Ideal“ verstanden und umgesetzt wird. Der Artikel basiert auf den Innenansichten der beiden Autorinnen als langjährige Gleichstellungsexpertinnen auf EU und nationaler Ebene. (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: Twenty Years of EU Gender Mainstreaming: Rebirth out of the Ashes? The article looks at the progressive development of gender mainstreaming as a strategy to achieve gender equality in the EU and the role played by policy makers to implement and/or instrumentalise this new concept. From the outset, bureaucracies seized it as an opportunity to dilute the focus on gender and cut resources, transforming its development into a permanent power struggle. The article starts with a brief overview of the major steps and research findings on GM during its launch in the early 1990s and discusses problems arising from related concepts. It then assesses the backlash directed against gender equality, and the demotion of gender mainstreaming, precipitated by the 2004 Eastern enlargement, and the sovereign-debt turned Euro-crisis after 2008. The article concludes by highlighting issues that suggest gender mainstreaming remains the only effective strategy for tackling gender inequalities in the EU, as long as it is understood and implemented in the “policy transformative way”. The article is based on the authors’ insider view stemming from extensive experience in gender equality policies at the European and national level. (author's abstract)
Europäische Gleichstellungspolitik: Ressource im Kampf gegen Geschlechterstereotypen und Sexismus in der Werbung?
Autor/in:
Dackweiler, Regina-Maria
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 25 (2016) 2, S 49-63
Inhalt: Aus der Perspektive sozialer Bewegungsforschung und mittels einer vergleichenden Fallstudie zu Deutschland und Österreich geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, ob und wie frauenbewegte Akteur_innen versuchen, EU-Gleichstellungspolitik als Ressource im Kampf gegen geschlechterstereotypisierende und sexistische Werbung zu nutzen. (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: Within the framework of social movement theory, the article explores the question, if and how women’s movements in Germany and Austria try to mobilize EU's gender equality policy as a resource in their fight against sexist and gender stereotyping advertising. (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellungspolitik; equal opportunity policy; Federal Republic of Germany; Österreich; Austria; Sexismus; sexism; Werbung; advertising; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; EU-Politik; EU policy; Frauenbild; image of women; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; Feminismus; feminism; Inhaltsanalyse; content analysis; Europäisches Recht; European Law
Gender sensitive policies: are there any changes in the Republic of Macedonia from 1990 to 2011?
Autor/in:
Stojanovic Djordjevic, Dijana
Quelle: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 1 (2016) 3, S 30-44
Inhalt: One of the fundamental values of the constitutional order in the Republic of Macedonia is the principle of equality which guarantees the equal rights regardless of the gender. The recognition and the promotion of the gender equal opportunities are a necessary precondition for democratic development. In the past 24 years of the independence, the political parties in the Republic of Macedonia passed through various stages and changes, which include the attitudes of the parties towards women issues. This paper will research the capacity of the main political parties in the Macedonian bloc, SDSM and VMRO-DPMNE, to develop, adopt and implement gender sensitive policies. The research will be based on the analysis of the election programs regarding the Parliamentary elections in 1990, 2002 and2011. The analysis will cover the development of the gender sensitivity in the election programs of SDSM and VMRO-DPMNE for the period of two decades.
Gender and the right to non-discrimination in international human rights law
Autor/in:
Netkova, Bistra
Quelle: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 1 (2016) 3, S 20-29
Inhalt: Discrimination against women based on the fact that they are women is a deeply rooted practice in all societies. However, the level of discrimination varies greatly with the level of development of the given society and strongly influences and vice versa it is influenced by the status of women in a given society. Addressing this gender-based discrimination is a difficult task because it is closely linked to the concept of equality, and state’s action and inactions. The article establishes that the States parties’ obligation is to ensure that there is no direct or indirect discrimination against women in their laws, sanctions, and other remedies and those women are protected against discrimination in the public, as well as, in the private spheres.
Schlagwörter:Frauenfeindlichkeit; mysogyny; Diskriminierung; discrimination; gender-specific factors; sozialer Status; social status; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Gleichheit; equality; Menschenrechte; human rights; woman; internationales Recht; international law; Gleichbehandlung; equal treatment; Frauenpolitik; women's policy; Chancengleichheit; equal opportunity; Rechtsnorm; legal norm; direct and indirect discrimination; CEDAW; ECHR; HRC of the ICCPR
SSOAR Kategorie:Recht, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
The compatibility of women's involvement in politics and the process of Euro-integration in the modern Georgian reality
Autor/in:
Darchashvili, Manana; Alaverdov, Emilia
Quelle: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs, 2 (2016) 2, S 65-73
Inhalt: Nowadays, women’s involvement in politics is a quite hot discussion topic among public associations and politicians. It is highlighted in various events. It is a fact that the country has to make certain legislative changes for the purpose of women’s (political) activation. It will help to fulfill the international obligations, and to establish (some/additional/further) democratic principles in Georgia and accelerate the country’s process of European integration at the same time. Based on the attitude of women’s political engagement issue in Georgia, with the support of Georgia’s Euro-integration strategy, public organizations and politicians, public awareness and the certain support of political parties, it is possible that in the nearest future the mentioned issue will be given wider resonance and it will be defined the legislative level in order to be more supported, what will add to growth of the women’s engagement.
Schlagwörter:woman; politische Partizipation; political participation; politische Aktivität; political activity; Politikerin; ; Quotierung; quotation; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Frauenförderung; advancement of women; Georgien; Georgia; europäische Integration; European integration
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Comparative regional patterns in electoral gender quota adoption: a social network approach
Autor/in:
Clayton, Amanda
Quelle: Freie Universität Berlin, FB Politik- und Sozialwissenschaften, Otto-Suhr-Institut für Politikwissenschaft Kolleg-Forschergruppe "The Transformative Power of Europe"; Clayton, Amanda; Berlin (KFG Working Paper Series, 71), 2016. 23 S
Inhalt: To date, more than 100 countries have implemented some type of quota for women in their national legislatures, leading to one of the most significant developments in the global composition of legislative bodies in the past twenty-five years. One remaining puzzle in understanding the global diffusion of electoral gender quotas is the strong clustering of shared domestic quota policies by region. In this project, I examine the importance of dyadic relationships between countries, including shared membership in inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), regional organizations (ROs), and women’s international non-governmental organizations(WINGOs) in explaining the timing and type of quota adoption. To do this, I employ a social network approach to quantitatively model global and temporal trends in gender quota adoption. Controlling for other possible domestic and transnational determinants, my results indicate that the strongest predictor of
quota policy adoption and design is the existence of similar policies in neighboring countries. These results suggest that, in the case of gender quota adoption, domestic policymakers see surrounding states as their most salient reference group when deciding both whether and how to implement new policy.
Schlagwörter:Quotierung; Kandidatenaufstellung; Gleichstellung; Wahlsystem; international comparison; advancement of women; proportion of women; electoral system; quotation; political participation; internationaler Vergleich; nomination of candidates; Frauenförderung; Frauenanteil; affirmative action; politische Partizipation; electoral gender quotas; policy diffusion; reserved seat quotas; voluntary party quotas; social network approach; exponential random graph model
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Designing gender-equalizing parental leave schemes - what can we learn from recent empirical evidence from Europe?
Titelübersetzung:Eine geschlechtergerechte Ausgestaltung von Elternzeitpolitik in Europa - was können wir aus den jüngsten empirischen Befunden aus verschiedenen europäischen Ländern lernen?
Autor/in:
Dearing, Helene
Quelle: Zeitschrift für Familienforschung, 28 (2016) 1, S 39-64
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag erarbeitet eine systematische Literaturanalyse jener empirisch-quantitativen Literatur, die sich mit dem Einfluss von Elternzeit auf eine ausgeglichene Arbeitsaufteilung zwischen Frauen und Männern beschäftigt. Dabei werden jene Studien untersucht, welche 1. Daten aus Europa heranziehen, 2. zwischen Januar 2000 und Mai 2014 durchgeführt, 3. in referierten Zeitschriften publiziert und 4. auf Englisch oder Deutsch verfasst wurden. Die Analyse des Materials erlaubt es, jene Merkmale eines Elternzeitmodells zu identifizieren, welche besonders relevant für eine gleiche Arbeitsaufteilung zwischen Männern und Frauen sind. Erstens ist die Bereitstellung einer mittleren Dauer von Elternzeit besonders wichtig, um die Integration von Frauen auf den Erwerbsarbeitsmarkt zu fördern. Zweitens hat besonders die Einführung eines Elternzeitanspruchs alleine für Väter eine positive Auswirkung auf deren Beteiligung im Bereich der unbezahlten Familienarbeit. Des Weiteren zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass sich der Effekt von Elternzeit auf Frauen in der Erwerbsarbeit je nach dem Bildungs- und Einkommensniveau unterschiedlich gestalten kann." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article conducts a systematic review exploring the link between parental leave policies and the gender division of labour. The reviewed material encompasses quantitative empirical articles that study the effect of a variation in leave policies on mothers’ integration into the labour market and on fathers’ engagement in family work. The analysis focuses on studies that were (i) conducted between January 2000 and May 2014, (ii) conducted in European countries, (iii) published in peer-reviewed journals and (iv) written in English or German. The analysis suggests that there are several aspects of parental leave that seem to be especially relevant in designing genderequalizing parental leave schemes. With regard to the effects of leave on mothers’ employment, it seems crucial that the duration of leave and payments provided is of a moderate length. With regard to the effects of leave on fathers’ engagement in family work, it seems most important to provide leave that is explicitly reserved for fathers. In addition, studies consistently find that leave policies affect women very differently with regard to their levels of education and income." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Mutterschaft; motherhood; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; Elternurlaub; parental leave; Elterngeld; family allowance; Familienarbeit; family work; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; gender-specific factors; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Familienpolitik; family policy; Europa; Europe
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Zwischen Gleichstellungsarbeit und Geschlechterforschung - zur Bedeutung von ExpertInnenwissen und der Rolle von Netzwerken
Autor/in:
Vollmer, Lina
Quelle: Netzwerke im Schnittfeld von Organisation, Wissen und Geschlecht. Essen (Studien Netzwerk Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung NRW), 2016, S 117-126