‘You must aim high’ - ‘No, I never felt like a woman’: women and men making sense of non-standard trajectories into higher education
Autor/in:
González Ramos, Ana M.; Räthzel, Nora
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 17 S
Inhalt: It is no secret that the ‘glass ceiling’ preventing women advancing to leadership positions exists in academia as well. Spain is no exception. Gender relations are usually investigated independently of other power relations like class and ethnicity. In our sample (80 men and women in different academic institutions across Spain) we found that not only women but also men from working class backgrounds have difficulties making successful academic careers. Therefore, we use an intersectional approach to investigate the relationship between gender and class. Comparing two life-histories, we explore what strategies individuals employ to overcome the barriers with which they are confronted. We present the stories of a woman with a middle class but non-academic background and of a man with a working-class background. Their strategies can be understood as the result of specific individual trajectories under specific societal conditions, but they also illustrate the barriers and possibilities men and women with non-standard backgrounds encounter in academia. Analysing successful strategies as well as their limitations, we aim to provide perspectives that might contribute to changing the culture of hegemonic masculinities in academia.
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Europa und Internationales, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Challenging Explanations for the lack of Senior Women in Science? Reflections from Successful Women Scientists at an elite British University
Autor/in:
Chapple, Alison; Ziebland, Sue
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 9 (2018) 3, S 298–315
Inhalt: Despite many initiatives to improve diversity, women working in science in the UK are still under-represented at senior levels. There are few studies drawing on the accounts of successful women scientists about gender discrimination and workplace stereotyping. We interviewed 39 women scientists working at an elite British university. A qualitative thematic analysis drew on three controversial ‘explanations’ for gender inequality in science, which are variously challenged by our data. The women we talked to were all ambitious and successful and (unsurprisingly, given this success) did not suggest that they have personally experienced serious discrimination in their careers. Some conceded that perhaps other women may not reach senior positions in science because of social expectations, low confidence or a lack of support. A few had experienced, or heard of, negative consequences of stereotyping, implicit bias or a ‘boys’ network’, whereby men met outside work for activities such as pub visits or football, which were the main reasons given to explain why some women do not progress to senior positions. Encouragingly some described how gender stereotypes are being resisted; these women scientists are themselves role models for junior colleagues.
The Perfect Course of Life (CV) and Double-Career Couples in Science
Autor/in:
Metz-Göckel, Sigrid
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: In spite of very good qualifications, young female scientists rarely reach the top positions in German universities. The paper discusses changes in requirements for an excellent academic career and the discrepancy between the norm of individual achievement and dependency on professional and private support. Due to government de-regulation and the flexibility of workforce required under neo-liberal ideology, in recent years the economic situation of young scientists has deteriorated and competition has increased. The construction of a perfect CV now takes the full attention of young scientists on their way to the top and demands the whole person. The paper argues that a gender gap is produced by different resources in the personal and professional life of male and female scientists. Increased requirements lead to stress as a central aspect of all stages of the career journey and encourage women more than men to leave science. Women scientists somehow have different images of their personal life in mind. They live linked lives, mostly in double career-partnerships and with caring responsibilities. Although, the change in double-career-couples goes from a complementary to a competitive or sometimes symmetrical relationship, this does not support men and women equally, due to the societal gender hierarchy which favors men’s rather than women’s career. Successful female scientists compensate for the gender gap through private support.
Multiple Masculinities and Gendered Research Personas : Between experiments, career choice and family
Autor/in:
Pettersson, Helena
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1
Inhalt: The aim of this study is to analyze multiple masculinity identities among experimental plasma physicists. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork with long term observations in a laboratory and in-depth interviews. The point of departure is that different identities exist side by side and are co constructed among physicists in the laboratory. They are defined and challenged at the same time in everyday work, and are therefore central to those attracted to experimental physics. In this study, masculine identity work is analyzed as boundary work for both masculinity and experimental physics. Physics and identity work can be understood as a process where the performance and daily work is also a way of defining gender. I argue that perspectives from masculinity studies are crucial in order to advance an understanding of gender dynamics within physics communities and enrich the current understanding of the lack of women in physics. Both senior and junior physicists emphasized the importance of a strong scientist identity. The plasma physicists represent a type of double hegemonic masculinity front stage. The scientific ideal is in itself strongly gendered with the ideal image of the scientist.
Guest Editorial: Gender and Masculinities in Careers and Leadership in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Sagebiel, Felizitas; White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 6 S
Inhalt: This Special Issue, recognising vertical gender segregation in higher education, combines papers focusing on challenges for women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines in career progression and taking on leadership roles.
Schlagwörter:Führungsposition; Geschlecht; Geschlechtersegregation; Karriereentwicklung; Männlichkeit; MINT
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Are New Career Models for Science Research Emerging?
Autor/in:
White, Kate
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, S 73–87
Inhalt: This paper explores how the traditional gendered model of science excellence impacts on the careers of women scientists. Using an Australian case study, it then examines the following aspects of science careers: what gives scientists job satisfaction; differing perceptions of how to build science careers; how networks, mobility and mentoring are fundamental to research careers; how gender is often a factor in science research careers; and huge generational change underway that is leading to new career models. The paper argues that these new models have the capacity to change the traditional gendered model of science careers.
Schlagwörter:Akademische Karriere; Arbeitszufriedenheit; career paths in science; Exzellenz; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Gender; Geschlecht; Gleichstellung; Higher Education; Hochschule; Mentoring; Mobilität; Netzwerk; new career models; Österreich; wissenschaftliche Karriere; Wissenschaftskarriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Geschlechterverhältnis
Excellence as a Gender-Biased Concept and Effects of the Linking of Excellence with Gender Equality
Autor/in:
Wolffram, Andrea
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, S 88–107
Inhalt: This paper focuses on the subjectivity of evaluations of excellence in promotion and hiring processes in academia and on the accompanying factors for successful careers in Science and Technology (S&T) disciplines. Against the background of the disproportionately low rate of appointments of female scientists to professorships in Germany, the article analyses how the demands of gender equality and the concept of excellence are negotiated at a German university that was successful in the German Excellence Initiative. The implementation of the excellence process was accompanied by a discourse of linking excellence with gender equality. This article draws on qualitative data from interviews with researchers at different levels of their scientific careers. It can be shown that researchers, regardless of their scientific experience, perceive equity measures in appointment procedures as undermining the meritocratic principle. Rather, most of them think that societal conditions outside the scientific system are responsible for the underrepresentation of women in professorships and other top positions in academia.
Schlagwörter:Beförderung; Berufungsverfahren; Bewerbung; career paths in science and technology; Deutschland; Diskurs; Exzellenz; Exzellenzinitiative; Frauen in der Wissenschaft; Geschlechtergerechtigkeit; Gleichstellung; Interview; meritocracy; Meritokratie; MINT; Personalrekrutierung; promotion and recruitment of women in academia; Social construction of excellence; Soziale Konstruktion; Technologie; Unterrepräsentanz; wissenschaftliche Karriere; Wissenschaftskarriere
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis, Wissenschaftspolitik, Berufungsverfahren
The Triple Whammy: Gendered Careers of Geographically Marginalised Academic STEM Women
Autor/in:
Herman, Clem; Hilliam, Rachel
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 10 (2018) 1, 19 S
Inhalt: In this paper we explore how gender, non-standard job roles as well as location create a triple whammy affecting the visibility and therefore the career paths of women STEM academics. Drawing on data from interviews and surveys at a distributed university with locations across the UK, we examine the experiences of a group of ‘Regional Academics’ who are located at a distance from the main university campus, either in regional centres or as homeworkers, and show how gender intersects with distance and status to exacerbate inequalities. In their narrative accounts, they describe themselves as the ‘glue that hold the bits of the university together’, mediating between part-time tutors, students and other academics and researchers. We explore how career progression has been limited for these liminal academics, but how small steps to increase visibility and provide recognition for achievement can result in strategies that overcome these inherent obstacles.
Quelle: International Journal of Gender, Science and Technology, 9 (2017) 1
Inhalt: Women’s participation in s cience has been a major concern among Western feminists since the 1970s. Numerous European countries have collaborat ed to publish She Figures once every three years , which collects and compares the basic education and employment statistics for women in science and technology. However, such cross-country comparison is still rare in Asia. In this research , we collected statistics on the composition of students and faculty members in higher education in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan from 2004 to 2014 . Then we compared the patterns of gender segregation between European Union (EU) and the East Asia (EA) regions, followed by the comparison among the three EA countries. 0 0 1 218 1246 NSYSU 10 2 1462 14.0 Normal 0 10 pt 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-TW X-NONE ([{£¥‘“‵〈《「『【〔〝︵︷︹︻︽︿﹁﹃﹙﹛﹝({ !),.:;?]}¢·–—’”•‥…‧′╴、。〉》」』】〕〞︰︱︳︴︶︸︺︼︾﹀﹂﹄﹏﹐﹑﹒﹔﹕﹖﹗﹚﹜﹞!),.:;?]|}、 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:表格內文; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;} We documented that gender participation in science in the three EA countries has basically follow ed the patterns of the EU nations in terms of decreasing vertical segregation and stabilizing horizontal segregation. However the degree of segregation in EA is higher than that in EU-28, particularly in E ngineering. Among the three EA countries, moreover, it is evident that South Korea has made better progress than the other two in the past decade in terms of women’s participation in science, particularly at the Master’s D egree level. Yet the increase of women ’s participation does not necessarily eliminat e gender segregation in science as both sexes still follow the car e/ technology division trend in their disciplinary choice s , which merit s more attention.