Quelle: Building Healthy Academic Communities Journal, 1 (2017) 2, S 45–60
Inhalt: Background: Despite the high incidence of estimated sexual assault on college campuses, underreporting is substantial and perpetuated by a culture of rape myths that are pervasive across college campuses and society in general.
Aim: The aim of this study was to: examine college student awareness of their own sexual assault victimization status, barriers to reporting, and the prevalence of substance use in sexual assault.
Method: This was a cross-sectional mixed-method survey sent to a universal sample of college students from two neighboring institutions of higher education (N=2,724).
Results: Results from this survey demonstrated a lack of understanding of what constitutes sexual assault, primarily attributed to the normalization of assault and rape myths. Regardless of victim status awareness, those who were victimized were significantly more likely to use higher levels of alcohol than non-victims, and were less likely to identify their victimization as sexual assault, highlighting the need for college students to understand that alcohol-involved sexual assault is still sexual assault.
Conclusions: Overwhelmingly, participants cited the potential consequences as far greater than any potential benefits to reporting sexual assault. Confusion about what constitutes sexual assault and uncertainty of available resources were also recognized as contributing factors in underreporting.
Schlagwörter:awareness; campus; rape culture; reporting; sexual assault; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Vergewaltigung/Missbrauch; victimization
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Sexual harassment in Egypt: an old plague in a new revolutionary order
Titelübersetzung:Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung
Autor/in:
Hammad, Hanan
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 44-63
Inhalt: "Sexuelle Belästigung in Ägypten: eine alte Plage in einer neuen revolutionären Ordnung Der Beitrag analysiert das Phänomen der sexuellen Belästigung in Ägypten in einem sich kontinuierlich wandelnden soziopolitischen Kontext und argumentiert, dass zu einer umfassenden Analyse der ägyptischen Revolution zwingend auch ein Verständnis für den breiteren soziopolitischen Kontext notwendig ist, der seit dem 19. Jahrhundert zu einer Kultur der Frauenfeindlichkeit und sexueller Gewalt beigetragen hat. Sexuelle Belästigung tritt in unterschiedlichen Formen auf und sexuelle Gewalt wird in verschiedener Intensität ausgeübt, auch sind die Gründe, in denen sie wurzeln, im Verlauf der Geschichte nicht immer dieselben. Basierend auf Archivrecherche, persönlicher Beobachtung und Interviews mit Aktivistinnen wird gezeigt, wie sich sexuelle Belästigung verstärkt und in Gewalt gewandelt hat und wie dies durch den harten Kurs der staatlichen Sicherheitspolitik und neoliberalen Maßnahmen verursacht wurde." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The article aims at analyzing sexual harassment in Egypt in changing sociopolitical contexts at various times; I argue that no analysis of the Egyptian revolution is complete without an understanding of these broad sociopolitical conditions that have contributed to the culture of anti-women and sexual violence since the 19th century. I am not suggesting that sexual harassment always took the same form and was practiced with the same level of violence, or even rooted in the same reason(s) throughout that long period of history. Based on archival research, personal observations and intensive interviews with activists I show how sexual harassment increased in violence caused by the state's heavy-handed security and neoliberal policies." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Ägypten; Egypt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexual harassment; sexueller Missbrauch; sexual abuse; Frauenfeindlichkeit; mysogyny; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; politischer Wandel; political change; sozialer Wandel; social change; Frauenbewegung; women's movement; Körper; body; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nordafrika; North Africa; Tahrir
CEWS Kategorie:Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Measuring violence to end violence : Mainstreaming gender
Autor/in:
Walby, Sylvia; Towers, Jude
Quelle: Journal of Gender-Based Violence, 1 (2017) 1, S 11–31
Inhalt: This article aims to mainstream gender into the measurement of violence, in order to assist the development of the theory of change needed to support actions to end violence. It addresses the division between gender-neutral and women-only strategies of data collection that is failing to deliver the quality evidence needed to address the extent and distribution of violence, developing a better operationalisation of the concepts of gender and violence for statistical analysis, and producing a checklist of criteria to assess the quality of statistics on gendered violence. It assesses the strengths and weakness of surveys linked to two contrasting theoretical perspectives: the Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) Survey of Violence Against Women and the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW). It shows how the FRA Survey fails and how the ONS has limited the potential of the CSEW. It therefore offers a solution with a short questionnaire that is fit for purpose as well as ways of analysing data that escape the current polarisation.
Schlagwörter:Gender; Gewalt; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; instrument; Messung; Survey; violence; violence against women;
Change the course : National report on sexual assault and sexual harassment at Australian universities
Herausgeber/in:
Australian Human Rights Commission
Quelle: Australian Human Rights Commission; Sydney, 2017. 258 S
Inhalt: At the request of Australia’s 39 universities, the Australian Human Rights Commission conducted a national, independent survey of university students to gain greater insight into the nature, prevalence and reporting of sexual assault and sexual harassment at Australian universities.
Schlagwörter:Australia; Australien; sexual assault; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Sexual Harassment in Academic Institutions: A Conceptual Review
Autor/in:
Thakur, Meghna Basu; Paul, Priscilla
Quelle: Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12 (2017) 1, S 33–40
Inhalt: Sexual harassment (SH) is a pervasive phenomenon in higher educational institutions, with nearly 50% female students experiencing some kind of SH during their college years (Brooks & Perot, 1991; Cortina, Swan, Fitzgerald & Waldo, 1998; Fitzgerald & Shullman, 1993; Fitzgerald et al., 1988; Ivy & Hamlet, 1996). Some studies indicate an even higher percentage (Barak, Fisher & Houston, 1992; Benson & Thomson, 1982; Reilly, Lott & Gallogly, 1986). The current research paper incorporates relevant literature, which delves into the following dimensions: (a) definition and constituents of SH, (b) correlates of SH, and (c) measures to tackle the menace of SH. Findings from the Indian context have also been considered to understand the seriousness of the phenomenon. The research has crucial implications for government organizations and workplaces in order to develop a comprehensive policy on SH and implementing grievance procedures effectively, and for mental health professionals to develop appropriate psychosocial interventions for those afflicted.
Schlagwörter:Attitude; Auswirkung; College Students; correlates; Definition; Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Intervention; psychische Faktoren; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; Statistik; Studentin; violence against women
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Gender-Based Violence Against Female Students in European University Settings
Autor/in:
List, Katrin
Quelle: International Annals of Criminology, 55 (2017) 2, S 172–188
Inhalt: Due to their age and lifestyle, female students in general are at an increased risk of various forms of sexual violence. Particular sociocultural contexts also form the background of gender-based violence in professional and academic structures. Yet despite institutional and legal efforts to protect (potential) survivors of sexual violence from primary (and secondary) victimization, persistent assaults demonstrate the reluctance of organizations and individuals to fully accept women’s experiences as being physically and psychologically harmful. Based on quantitative and qualitative data obtained in the context of the European research project “Gender-Based Violence, Stalking and Fear of Crime”, this article presents a comparative analysis of the prevalence of sexual violence, feelings of safety (or a lack thereof) and the reasons for (non-)disclosure for five European countries. A dataset of about 21,000 responses from German, British, Italian, Spanish and Polish students indicates that sexualized violence is a major problem at universities and that it has yet to be recognized as such. This – added to the fact that it is generally suppressed or concealed by universities – makes it society’s problem as well. The article discusses widespread social myths about victims and perpetrators, the role of the new media in victimization, and the issues of universities’ responsibility for their students (through institutional policy and specific responses to incidents of gender-based violence). The results presented here demonstrate the contradictory perceptions that students have in regard to their experiences and the nature of sexualized violence in an academic environment.
Schlagwörter:Gleichstellungsmaßnahmen; Hochschule; Intervention; Prävention; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; Universities and colleges
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
When less is more: Psychometric properties of Norwegian short-forms of the Ambivalent Sexism Scales (ASI and AMI) and the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance (IRMA) Scale
Autor/in:
Bendixen, Mons; Kennair, Leif Edward Leif Ottesen
Quelle: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58 (2017) 6, S 541–550
Inhalt: This paper reports on the development and the psychometric properties of short forms of Ambivalent Sexism applied for examining gender and educational difl'erences in university students (N = 512) and in high school students (N = 1381), and for predicting individual differences in rape stereotypes in the latter. The short forms demonstrated good to excellent psychometric properties across samples of emerging adults. Relative to female students, male students reported markedly more hostility toward women and more stereotypical beliefs about rape. Despite sampling from a highly gender egahtarian and secular culture, these gender differences are on a par with those reported internationally. Rape stereotypes were predicted by sexism in high school students. Additional predictors were educational program, relationship status, and acceptance of derogatory sexual slurs. The paper questions the validity of separate constructs for benevolent sexism toward women versus men. The short form versions of the scales may substitute the original versions in future research, and help prevent attrition while measuring the same constructs.
Quelle: Pakistan Administrative Review, 1 (2017) 3, S 159-174
Inhalt: Women are traditionally considered to be confined within the four walls of their houses in the developing countries. They are still unable to play an active role in the development of society. They are striving to make their identity as an integral part of the society. Being a member of conservative developing society, women are still facing many hindrances, causing stressful situation for them, which prohibits them to participate actively in the economic development. This paper attempts to explore the critical factors creating stress among Pakistani working women. Based on literature review, the key stressors were identified to be as work life balance, gender discrimination, peers’ behaviour, lack of promotional opportunities and sexual harassment. These factors were found to be creating physiological, behavioural and psychological problems. The target of this study was the women working in secretarial and administrative positions in Pakistani organisations. Regression analysis was conducted to find out the impact of these stressors on working women. The results revealed that sexual harassment, peers’ behaviour and lack of promotional opportunities were the most dominant stressors.