Toward a Family-Friendly Academy : HRD’s Role in Creating Healthy Work–Life Cultural Change Interventions
Autor/in:
Eversole, Barbara A. W.; Crowder, Cindy L.
Quelle: Advances in Developing Human Resources, 22 (2020) 1, S 11–22
Details
Inhalt: The Problem: The ideal worker in the Academy devotes most of their lives to scholarly pursuits, which leaves little time for family. This problem leads to work–life conflict, which is particularly concerning for faculty members who are seeking promotion and tenure. Work–life conflict is most challenging in the case of academic mothers, who face professional career challenges in addition to work–life conflict. Rigid organizational policies and non-supportive cultures perpetuate the problem, particularly when the faculty member is an academic mother seeking promotion and tenure.
The Solution: Human resource development (HRD) interventions implemented at the individual, departmental, and institutional levels (e.g., training development, performance management, and career development initiatives) have been shown to reduce work–life conflict, improve overall well-being, and create a more family friendly environment. Organization development (OD) cultural change interventions aimed at changing the Academy to become more family focused and supportive of career flexibility are recommended.
The Stakeholders: Academic faculty, higher education administrators, HRD scholars, and practitioners.
Schlagwörter:academic parents; cultural change; family-friendly academy; work–life flexibility
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Geschlechterdifferenzierung auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und an Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Quente, Michaela
Quelle: Hochschule - Geschlecht - Fachkultur. Michaela Quente (Hrsg.), Wiesbaden: Springer VS. 2020, S 39–45
Details
Inhalt: Eine Berufsausbildung ist heute, anders als noch vor 50 Jahren, für beide Geschlechter selbstverständlich. Obwohl nahezu jede Tätigkeit sowohl von Männern als auch von Frauen ausgeführt werden kann, gibt es auch heute noch die Aufteilung in Frauen- und Männerberufe. In diesem Zusammenhang fragt zum Beispiel Marianne Weg in einem Aufsatz »Ist ein Kilo Eisen schwerer als ein Kilo Bettfedern?« Sie nimmt hier Bezug auf den Vorwand, dass die »schwere Männerarbeit« in gewerblich-technischen Berufen nicht von Frauen ausgeführt werden könne (Weg 2013, 269).
Schlagwörter:Frauenarbeit; Frauenberuf; Geschlechtersegregation; Karrierebarriere; Männerberuf; Stereotyp; Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerksbeitrag
Research performance and age explain less than half of the gender pay gap in New Zealand universities
Autor/in:
Brower, Ann; James, Alex
Quelle: PLoS ONE, 15 (2020) 1
Details
Inhalt: We use a globally unique dataset that scores every individual academic's holistic research performance in New Zealand to test several common explanations for the gender pay gap in universities. We find a man's odds of being ranked professor or associate professor are more than double a woman's with similar recent research score, age, field, and university. We observe a lifetime gender pay gap of ~NZ$400,000, of which research score and age explain less than half. Our ability to examine the full spectrum of research performance allows us to reject the 'male variability hypothesis' theory that the preponderance of men amongst the 'superstars' explains the lifetime performance pay gap observed. Indeed women whose research career trajectories resemble men's still get paid less than men. From 2003-12, women at many ranks improved their research scores by more than men, but moved up the academic ranks more slowly. We offer some possible explanations for our findings, and show that the gender gap in universities will never disappear in most academic fields if current hiring practices persist.
Schlagwörter:Alter; Berufung; Forschung; Forschungsleistung; gender pay gap; Neuseeland; performance; Personalrekrutierung; Professur
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A Global Approach to the Gender Gap in Mathematical, Computing and Natural Sciences : How to Measure it, How to Reduce it? - Gender Gap in Science project: Final report
Autor/in:
Guillopé, Colette; Roy, Marie-Francoise
Quelle: Berlin, 2020. 243 S
Details
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsbedingungen; Befragung; computer science; Diskriminierung; gender gap; Geschlechterunterschied; global; Hochschule; Informatik; Karriere; mathematics; Mathematik; Naturwissenschaften; Prävention; Publikation; quantitative Analyse; sexual harassment; sexuelle Belästigung; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Graue Literatur, Bericht
Book Review: Annalisa Murgia, Barbara Poggio - Gender and Precarious Research Careers
Autor/in:
Guenther, Elisabeth Anna
Quelle: Gender Work Organ (Gender, Work & Organization), (2020)
Details
Schlagwörter:Eignungskriterien; excellence; Exzellenz; Geschlechterungleichheit; Geschlechterverhältnis; Heteronormativität; internationaler Vergleich; Intersektionalität; Klasse; Meritokratie; Nachwuchsforschende; people of color; Post-doc; prekäre Beschäftigung; race; Ungleichheit; Widerstand; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs; Wissenschaftsideal; work-life balance
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Gleichstellungspolitik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
(Re)birthing the Feminine in Academe : Creating Spaces of Motherhood in Patriarchal Contexts
Herausgeber/in:
Henderson, Linda; Black, Ali; Garvis, Susanne
Quelle: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. 1 S
Details
Inhalt: "This book engages expansively with the concept of motherhood in academia, to offer insights into re-imagining a more responsive higher education. Written collaboratively as international, interdisciplinary and intergenerational collectives, the editors and contributors use various ways of understanding ‘motherhood’ to draw attention to – and disrupt – the masculine structures currently defining women’s lives and work in the academy. Shifting the focus from patriarchal understandings of academe, the narratives embrace and champion feminist and feminine scholarship. The book invites the reader to question what can be conceived when motherhood is imagined more expansively, through lenses traditionally silenced or made invisible. This pioneering volume will be of interest and value to feminist scholars, as well as those interested in disrupting patriarchal academic structures."
Schlagwörter:academia; feminism; motherhood; stereotype
CEWS Kategorie:Vereinbarkeit Familie-Beruf, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Authorship in top-ranked mathematical and physical journals: Role of gender on self-perceptions and bibliographic evidence
Autor/in:
Mihaljević, Helena; Santamaría, Lucía
Quelle: Quantitative Science Studies, 1 (2020) 4, S 1468–1492
Details
Inhalt: Despite increasing rates of women researching in math-intensive fields, publications by female authors remain underrepresented. By analyzing millions of records from the dedicated bibliographic databases zbMATH, arXiv, and ADS, we unveil the chronological evolution of authorships by women in mathematics, physics, and astronomy. We observe a pronounced shortage of female authors in top-ranked journals, with quasistagnant figures in various distinguished periodicals in the first two disciplines and a significantly more equitable situation in the latter. Additionally, we provide an interactive open-access web interface to further examine the data. To address whether female scholars submit fewer articles for publication to relevant journals or whether they are consciously or unconsciously disadvantaged by the peer review system, we also study authors’ perceptions of their submission practices and analyze around 10,000 responses, collected as part of a recent global survey of scientists. Our analysis indicates that men and women perceive their submission practices to be similar, with no evidence that a significantly lower number of submissions by women is responsible for their underrepresentation in top-ranked journals. According to the self-reported responses, a larger number of articles submitted to prestigious venues correlates rather with aspects associated with pronounced research activity, a well-established network, and academic seniority.
Schlagwörter:Astronomie; gender bias; Geschlechterunterschied; Journal; mathematics; Mathematik; Physik; Publikation; Publikationsverhalten; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
International Mobility and Social Capital in the Academic Field
Autor/in:
Bauder, Harald
Quelle: Minerva, 58 (2020) 3, S 367–387
Details
Inhalt: The relationship between the international mobility of academic researchers and social capital is complex. On the one hand, the literature suggests that social capital facilitates the international mobility of academics which, in turn, promotes the accumulation of international social capital, enhances research productivity, and advances careers. On the other hand, international mobility can isolate researchers from the national social capital in their origin countries. In this paper, I present the results of 42 interviews in Canada and Germany to examine how academics in both countries have experienced the connection between international mobility and social capital. In addition to revealing the complexity of this connection, the results show that social capital facilitates international mobility and that mobility sometimes creates social capital. However, mobility can also lead to the loss of national social capital that negatively affects early-career researchers in particular.
Schlagwörter:academic career; Canada; Deutschland; early career researcher; Feldtheorie; international academic mobility; Interview; Kanada; Mobilität; scientific career; social capital; soziales Kapital; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Europa und Internationales, Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
He moana pukepuke: navigating gender and ethnic inequality in early career academics’ conference attendance
Autor/in:
Timperley, Claire; Sutherland, Kathryn A.; Wilson, Marc; Hall, Meegan
Quelle: Gender and Education, 32 (2020) 1, S 11–26
Details
Inhalt: Drawing on data collected in a cross-disciplinary survey of early-career academics (ECAs) in New Zealand, this article explores the factors influencing ECA conference attendance. Our conceptual framework uses conference attendance as the dependent variable and measures gender, ethnicity, family responsibilities and workload. Three key features affect conference attendance: "demographic characteristics" (background features and prior experiences that affect an academic's willingness and ability to attend), "accessibility" (constraints to attending, such as financing, family responsibilities, institutional support or teaching commitments) and "purpose" (the value placed on attending conferences by the individual, the institution, or the discipline). In particular, we identify differences for women, Indigenous people, and those born overseas with respect to their ability to navigate and their inclination to attend national and international conferences.
Schlagwörter:conference culture; early career researcher; ethnic minority; gender inequality; Konferenz; Neuseeland; wissenschaftlicher Nachwuchs
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Diversity, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Die Macht des Zufalls : Neue Wege für die Förderung riskanter Forschungsideen?
Autor/in:
Röbbecke, Martina; Simon, Dagmar
Quelle: Forschung. Politik - Strategie - Management, 13 (2020) 9-14
Details
Inhalt: Peer review as the central assessment instrument in science is often criticised in the scientific debate as risk-averse and structurally conservative. However, it is precisely the funding of "risky" research that the Volkswagen Foundation pursues with its "Experiment!" funding line and has therefore equipped this instrument with a partially randomised procedure. The article presents selected data and results of the accompanying research: How do the funding recipients evaluate risky research and the randomised procedure? Subsequently, the peer review procedure is discussed, particularly with regard to its selectivity in research and post-doc funding. Finally, the article deals with the perspectives for research funding and the question under which conditions the use of a lottery procedure can be recommended.
Experiment der VW-Stiftung: . Ein Vergleich mit Double-Blind-Peer-Review-Verfahren und teil-randomisierten Verfahren am Beispiel des Forschungsprogramms „Experiment! Auf der Suche nach gewagten Forschungsideen“ der VW-Stiftung zeigt, dass die Förderquoten von Frauen und jüngeren, weniger etablierten Wissenschaftler*innen steige und mehr Forschung fernab des Mainstreams gefördert werden, wenn von konservativen Begutachtungsformaten abgewichen werde.
Schlagwörter:Forschungsförderung; gender bias; Peer Review; Post-doc; risk management; Stiftung
CEWS Kategorie:Wissenschaft als Beruf
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz