Characteristics of precollege sexual violence victimization and associations with sexual violence revictimization during college
Autor/in:
Anderson, Jocelyn C.; Chugani, Carla D.; Jones, Kelley A.; Coulter, Robert W. S.; Chung, Tammy; Miller, Elizabeth
Quelle: Journal of American college health : J of ACH, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
To examine the prevalence and characteristics of precollege sexual victimization (SV) experiences and associations with revictimization and recent substance use behaviors among a sample of college students who reported precollege SV.
PARTICIPANTS
A sub-sample of 931 college students who reported precollege SV at baseline data collection for an ongoing multi-site clinical trial.
METHODS
Data were collected via electronic surveys between September 2015 and March 2017. Measures included precollege and during college SV, recent substance use, and alcohol-related harm reduction behaviors.
RESULTS
Precollege SV characteristics associated with revictimization included: Nonpenile penetration (aOR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.04-2.19); pressured sex (aOR: 1.46, 95%CI: 1.06-2.01); and stranger assault (aOR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.22-3.40). Past 30-day binge drinking was also associated with revictimization (aOR: 1.86, 95%CI: 1.36-2.54).
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between precollege SV and alcohol, especially binge drinking, may require a more integrated approach to preventing subsequent revictimization.
Schlagwörter:Alkohol; harm reduction; Schadensbegrenzung; sexual assault
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Applying the Haddon Matrix to evaluate sexual assault interventions on college campuses
Autor/in:
Mahoney, Patricia; Gielen, Andrea C.; Bailey, Maryanne M.; Gabel, Colby
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–8
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
A Haddon Matrix analysis was used to systematically review literature evaluating college campus sexual assault prevention programs to identify research gaps and intervention opportunities.
METHODS
Articles included were published from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2017; indexed in PubMed, PsycInfo, or Scopus; involving English-speaking undergraduate students in the US; with experimental or quasi-experimental design.
RESULTS
All 31 eligible studies evaluated educational programing; all relied on self-report measures; and three-quarters had follow-up periods ≤ 6 months. Significant positive effects were reported by 6 of 10 studies that measured bystander behavior, 6 of 10 that educated potential victims and assessed victimization, and one of four that educated potential perpetrators and measured perpetration.
CONCLUSION
The Haddon Matrix analysis identified the need for interventions that address perpetrators and the post-assault period, as well as studies of the impact of enforcing existing policies and new environmental and situational approaches to sexual assault prevention.
Schlagwörter:campus; Haddon Matrix; Intervention; sexual assault; sexual violence; sexualisierte Gewalt; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Quelle: Journal of American College Health, (2019) , S 1–9
Inhalt: OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
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OBJECTIVE
Assess the impact of survey non-response and non-completion for a campus climate survey.
PARTICIPANTS
Intended for all degree-seeking students at a large, public, midwestern university, November 2014.
METHODS
The survey covered sexual assault experiences and related attitudes. We identify the magnitude and potential impact of survey non-response by comparing demographic data between respondents and non-respondents, sexual assault prevalence between early and late respondents, and demographic and attitudinal data between survey completers and partial completers.
RESULTS
Demographic groups were differentially represented in the survey. Sexual assault prevalence based on survey results may be underestimated for men, overestimated for women. Sensitive questions did not increase drop-off. Students completing more of the survey differed from those completing less.
CONCLUSIONS
Colleges must plan survey administration and data sensitivity analysis to reduce potential for bias. Resources for sexual assault-related needs based on estimates from campus climate surveys with high non-response will likely be misallocated.
Schlagwörter:campus; Nonresponse; sexual assault; sexuelle Belästigung; Student; survey
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Non-binary universities : Vademekum zu geschlechtergerecht(er)en Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Braidt, Andrea B.; Beer, Denise; Schacherl, Ingrid
Quelle: , 2019. 56 S
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Begleiter (»Vademekum«) soll Hochschulen dabei unterstützen, etwaige Diskriminierungen gegenüber nicht-binären Personen zu identifizieren und in der Folge zu beseitigen. Nicht-binäre Personen können oder wollen unter Umständen nicht in die Kategorie »Mann« oder »Frau« passen. Sie identifizieren sich als transgender Personen, als intergeschlechtliche Personen oder als
(inter) Frauen bzw. (inter) Männer. Seit die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention allen Menschen das Recht auf freien Ausdruck der Geschlechtsidentität zugesteht (EMRK Artikel 8), verpflichten sich alle europäischen Staaten, dieses national umzusetzen.
CEWS Kategorie:Diversity, Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Non-binary universities : Vademekum zu geschlechtergerecht(er)en Hochschulen
Autor/in:
Braidt, Andrea B.; Beer, Denise; Schacherl, Ingrid
Quelle: , 2019. 56 Seiten
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Begleiter (»Vademekum«) soll Hochschulen dabei unterstützen, etwaige Diskriminierungen gegenüber nicht-binären Personen zu identifizieren und in der Folge zu beseitigen. Nicht-binäre Personen können oder wollen unter Umständen nicht in die Kategorie »Mann« oder »Frau« passen. Sie identifizieren sich als transgender Personen, als intergeschlechtliche Personen oder als
(inter) Frauen bzw. (inter) Männer. Seit die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention allen Menschen das Recht auf freien Ausdruck der Geschlechtsidentität zugesteht (EMRK Artikel 8), verpflichten sich alle europäischen Staaten, dieses national umzusetzen.
Inhalt: Until recently, higher education in the UK has largely failed to recognise gender-based violence (GBV) on campus, but following the UK government task force set up in 2015, universities are becoming more aware of the issue. And recent cases in the media about the sexualised abuse of power in institutions such as universities, Parliament and Hollywood highlight the prevalence and damaging impact of GBV. In this book, academics and practitioners provide the first in-depth overview of research and practice in GBV in universities. They set out the international context of ideologies, politics and institutional structures that underlie responses to GBV in elsewhere in Europe, in the US, and in Australia, and consider the implications of implementing related policy and practice. Presenting examples of innovative British approaches to engagement with the issue, the book also considers UK, EU and UN legislation to give an international perspective, making it of direct use to discussions of ‘what works’ in preventing GBV.
Schlagwörter:GBV-prevention; gender based violence; higher education; university community; sexual harassment; sexual violence; sexuelle Belästigung; sexuelle Gewalt;
CEWS Kategorie:Studium und Studierende, Hochschulen, Frauen- und Gleichstellungsbeauftragte, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Sammelwerk
Zwischen Zuschreibungen und Selbstinszenierung : Konstruktionen von Geschlechteridealen und -hierarchien unter Studierenden der Universität Dar es Salaam
Autor/in:
Lehmann, Annika
Quelle: Berlin: Weißensee-Verlag (Berliner Beiträge zur Ethnologie, 37), 2015, 1. Aufl. 120 S
Inhalt: In dieser Arbeit werden die komplexen Aushandlungsprozesse von Geschlechterrollen im universitären Kontext an der Universität Dar es Salaam in Tansania untersucht. Hierbei werden nicht nur geschlechtsspezifische Selbstinszenierungen von „Männlichkeit“ und „Weiblichkeit“ unter Studierenden im universitären Alltagsgeschehen analysiert, sondern auch am Campus vorherrschende Diskurse über Familie, Sexualität, Religion sowie Kleidungs- und Körperstilen im Kontext existierender (Ideal ) Vorstellungen von Geschlechterrollen betrachtet. Dabei wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie diese Diskurse die alltäglichen Interaktionen zwischen Studierenden, u.a. in Lehrveranstaltungen, prägen. Im abschließenden Teil der Arbeit erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Auswirkungen der analysierten Geschlechterideale im Kontext der sensiblen Thematik von sexual harassment an der Universität. Es wird herausgearbeitet, dass Studentinnen einen stetigen Balanceakt im Universitätsalltag vollbringen müssen. Zwar erhalten sie eher soziale Anerkennung über ein attraktives Erscheinungsbild als über gute Noten, jedoch erhöhen schlechte Noten und ein „weibliches“ Auftreten das Risiko sexueller Belästigung. Inhaltlich werden die vielfältigen Aushandlungsprozesse von Geschlechterrollen unter Studierenden an der Universität Dar es Salaam in Tansania untersucht. Hierbei wird betrachtet, wie sich Studierende im Kontext existierender (Ideal-)Vorstellungen von „Männlichkeit“ und „Weiblichkeit“ im universitären Alltag selbst inszenieren. (HRK / Abstract übernommen)
CEWS Kategorie:Europa und Internationales, Hochschulen, Geschlechterverhältnis, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt
Dokumenttyp:Monographie
Neoliberalisation and ‘Lad Cultures’ in Higher Education
Autor/in:
Phipps, Alison; Young, Isabel
Quelle: Sociology, 49 (2015) 2, S 305–322
Inhalt: This article links HE neoliberalisation and ‘lad cultures’, drawing on interviews and focus groups with women students. We argue that retro-sexist ‘laddish’ forms of masculine competitiveness and misogyny have been reshaped by neoliberal rationalities to become modes of consumerist sexualised audit. We also suggest that neoliberal frameworks scaffold an individualistic and adversarial culture amongst young people that interacts with perceived threats to men’s privilege and intensifies attempts to put women in their place through misogyny and sexual harassment. Furthermore, ‘lad cultures’, sexism and sexual harassment in higher education may be rendered invisible by institutions to preserve marketability in a neoliberal context. In response, we ask if we might foster dialogue and partnership between feminist and anti-marketisation politics.
Schlagwörter:culture; higher education; Marketing; neoliberal university; sexism; sexual harassment; sexuality; UK
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Studium und Studierende, Sexuelle Belästigung und Gewalt