Luise Berthold: Hochschulleben und Hochschulpolitik zwischen 1909 und 1957
Titelübersetzung:Luise Berthold: university life and university policy between 1909 and 1957
Autor/in:
Oertzen, Christine von
Quelle: Feministische Studien : Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Jg. 20 (2002) H. 1, S. 8-22
Inhalt: Am Beispiel der Altgermanistin Luise Berthold (1892-1983) untersucht die Autorin die wissenschaftliche Karriere einer Frau der ersten Generation von Hochschullehrerinnen in Deutschland. Bertholds Leben stellt in der deutschen Wissenschaftslandschaft des 20. Jahrhunderts eine einzigartige Erscheinung dar. Ihre Biografie, die hier in drei Schritten (1909-1923: Lehrjahre, 1933-1945: Unbehelligt durch die Nacht, 1945-1957: Wissenschaft und Hochschulpolitik) dargestellt wird, rückt all diejenigen Barrieren, Erschwernisse und Frustrationen in den Blick, die Hochschullehrerinnen jener Zeit erwarteten. Luise Berthold hat als eine der wenigen Weimarer Hochschullehrerinnen die Zeit des Nationalsozialismus überlebt, und sie hat nach 1945 die berufliche Zurücksetzung von Dozentinnen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland hochschulpolitisch thematisiert. Der Beitrag fragt abschließend, warum Berthold und ihre Mitstreiterinnen trotz zunehmender Politisierung für die Studentinnen und jungen Dozentinnen in der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts keine attraktiven Vorbildfiguren zu sein vermochten. (ICH)
CEWS Kategorie:Hochschulen, Wissenschaft als Beruf, Wissenschaftspolitik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
"Gendered" styles of writing and the "inequality in assessment" hypothesis : an explanation for gender differentiation in first class achievement at university
Autor/in:
Earl-Novell, Sarah
Quelle: International journal of sociology and social policy, Vol. 21 (2001) H. 1/2, S. 160-172
Inhalt: "This paper focuses on the relative underachievement of First Class degrees by women
in the U.K. as compared to their male counterparts. This 'problem' is particularly
prevalent in History, Sociology and English, despite the predominance of women studying
both English and Sociology. Various hypotheses attempt to account for this gender
differentiation in First Class academic achievement but, for the purposes of this
paper, the validity of one hypothesis - the 'inequality in assessment' explanation
- will be tested. The hypothesis suggests that undergraduate writing is 'gendered'
and that male academic work tends to conform to a writing style characterised as bold,
confident and risk-taking whereas the female undergraduate writing style is argued
to be cautious and conscientious (McCrum 1994 and 1996, Martin 1997 and Sutherland
1997). The research involves the quantitative analysis of HESA data and the qualitative
analysis of eleven, in-depth, semi-structured interviews conducted with faculty employed
at Sussex University. My analysis of qualitative data indicates that academics perceive
that undergraduate writing is 'gendered' to a certain extent and that in 'argument-based'
subjects, for example, Sociology, History and English, it is the typically male style
of writing that is rewarded. It is evident also, that in 'fact-based' subjects, for
instance, Law and Economies, academics perceive that neither style of writing offers
an intrinsic advantage, hence what constitutes a First in the 'fact-based' disciplines
differs greatly from the argument-based ones. Analysis of HESA data similarly demonstrates
that for these disciplines there is no gender differentiation in the awarding of First
Classifications." (author's abstract)|
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Science Scope, Vol. 24 (2001) No. 8, S. 49-51
Inhalt: "This article points out the challenges female scientists have in obtaining recognition and discusses why the percentage of women in science is low; explains how teachers can help." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Women in the construction industry in the U.K. : a cultural discord?
Autor/in:
Bagilhole, Barbara M.; Dainty, Andrew R.J.; Neale, Richard
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 6 (2000) No. 1, S. 73-86
Inhalt: "The construction industry is the most male dominated of all industrial sectors in
the United Kingdom. This article reports on a study that explored women's and men's
experiences of working in the industry, focusing on how the cultural aspects of the
workplace environment impinged upon women's career development. We interviewed more
than 80 male and female construction professionals from large construction organizations,
and compared their career accounts in order to establish the aspects of the workplace
culture that had a gender-differentiated impact on progression. We found that construction
organizations formed competitive "power" cultures where women's contributions were
marginalized and their careers impeded through a combination of inflexible work practices
and discriminatory behavior. These barriers to women's careers were maintained in
small project teams by autonomous male operational managers. Their locus of control
embraced recruitment, promotion, and staff development, which allowed them to sustain
a workplace culture intolerant of nontraditional entrants. We conclude that this cultural
environment is likely to remain problematic for women unless it can be changed in
a way that values their contribution. This requires a radical shift in middle management
attitudes, a departure from current organizational human resource management systems,
and a wider acceptance of the need for cultural change within the industry." (author's
abstract)|
Barriers and constraints : women physicists' perceptions of career progress
Autor/in:
Hodgson, Barbara; Scanlon, Eileen; Whitelegg, Elizabeth
Quelle: Physics education, Vol. 35 (2000) No. 6, S. 454-459
Inhalt: "Researchers in the area of women in science are trying to understand how the participation of women in science can be increased and also what prevents women from developing scientific careers. Past influential work supports the importance of taking the perspective of women's education and career paths as a whole, emphasizing the importance of structural and social factors in career progress. This paper reports some outcomes from an interview study with women PhD physicists working in a variety of science-related careers. Our aim is to explore and document the career experience of women scientists and to identify barriers and constraints to women's participation in science careers and to investigate ways in which educational experiences contribute to career progress." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Geschlecht ist (k)ein akademisches Schicksal : universitäre Gleichbehandlung zwischen feministischen Ansprüchen und "Wirklichkeiten"
des Wissenschaftsbetriebes
Inhalt: "Die AutorInnen benennen das theoretische Problem einer schematischen Gleichheit,
das jedem demokratischen System inhärent ist. Dabei gehen die Rechtsphilosophin und
der Professor für Römisches Recht der Frage nach, inwiefern die Gestaltung des Gleichheitsdiskurses
im Recht davon bestimmt ist, ob in einer Gesellschaft festgefügte Gleichheitsvorstellungen
gelten oder ob ein kontroverses Meinungsspektrum die Gleichheitsfrage bestimmt. Während
erstere Auffassung dazu führt, dass jeglicher Anspruch auf Veränderung als fachfremd
behauptet und zur Sache der Politik gemacht wird, hält ein kontroverser Umgang, so
die AutorInnen, die Möglichkeit bereit, eine demokratische Zielvorstellung zu verfolgen
und eine Neubestimmung von Gleichheit vorzunehmen." (Autorenreferat)