Do men and women-economists choose the same research fields? : evidence from top-50 departments
Titelübersetzung:Wählen männliche und weibliche Ökonomen dieselben Forschungsgebiete? Ergebnisse aus 50 führenden Fachbereichen
Autor/in:
Dolado, Juan Jose; Felgueroso, Florentino; Almunia, Miguel
Quelle: Bonn (Discussion Paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH, No. 1859), 2005. 41 S.
Inhalt: "This paper describes the gender distribution of research fields chosen by the faculty members in the top fifty Economics departments, according to the rankings available on the Econphd.net website. We document that women are unevenly distributed across fields and test some behavioral implications from theories underlying such disparities. Our main findings are that the probability that a woman chooses a given field is positively related to the share of women in that field (path-dependence), and that the share of women in a field at a given department increases with the sizes of the department and field, while it decreases with their average quality. However, these patterns seem to be changing for younger female faculty members. Further, by using Ph.D. cohorts, we document how gender segregation across fields has evolved over the last four decades." (author's abstract)
Titelübersetzung:Gibt es in Schweden eine gläserne Decke?
Autor/in:
Albrecht, James; Björklund, Anders; Vroman, Susan
Quelle: Bonn (Discussion Paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH, No. 282), 2001. 38 S.; 249 KB
Inhalt: Wir zeigen mit einem Datensatz von 1998, dass die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnfalle in Schweden über die gesamte Lohnverteilung zugenommen hat und sich im oberen Bereich der Verteilung beschleunigte. Diese Entwicklung nennen wir "glass ceiling effect". Wenn man sich frühere Daten ansieht, zeigt sich das Muster in den 1990er Jahren, aber nicht in den zwei Dekaden davor. Dieses Muster wird nicht zwischen Immigranten und Nichtimmigranten in Schweden festgestellt und auch nicht auf dem Arbeitsmarkt der USA. Der geschlechtsspezifische Mechanismus hindert die Frauen in Schweden daran, in die oberen Einkommensbereiche aufzusteigen. Mithilfe von Regressionsanalysen wird festgestellt, dass diese Muster wirklich auf Geschlechtsunterschiede zurückzuführen sind. Es wird eine Dekompositionsanalyse ähnlich der Oaxana-Blinder-Technik entwickelt. Auch nach dem Abgleich mit anderen Variablen wie Alter, Erziehung und Beschäftigung kann der "glass ceiling effect" bestätigt werden. (ICFÜbers)
Inhalt: "Using data from 1998, we show that the gender log wage gap in Sweden increases throughout the wage distribution and accelerates in the upper tail of the distribution, which we interpret as a glass ceiling effect. Using earlier data, we show that the same pattern held at the beginning of the 1990's but not in the prior two decades. Further, we do not find this pattern either for the log wage gap between immigrants and non-immigrants in the Swedish labour market or for the gender gap in the U.S. labour market. Our findings suggest that a gender-specific mechanism in the Swedish labour market hinders women from reaching the top of the wage distribution. Using quantile regressions, we examine whether this pattern can be ascribed primarily to gender differences in labour market characteristics or to gender differences in rewards to those characteristics. We estimate pooled quantile regressions with gender dummies, as well as separate quantile regressions by gender, and we carry out a decomposition analysis in the spirit of the Oaxaca-Blinder technique. Even after extensive controls for gender differences in age, education (both level and field), sector, industry, and occupation, we find that the glass ceiling effect we see in the raw data persists to a considerable extent." (author's abstract)
The myth of meritocracy and delusions of equity : cultural impediments to diversity in natural science programs
Autor/in:
Jones, Leslie S.
Quelle: San Diego, 1998. 12 S.
Inhalt: "In an effort to determine why there is continued scarcity of all women and of men
of color in the sciences, this study turns the lens of the social sciences onto social
aspects of the sciences. Interviews with academic science faculty examined gender
and racial/ethnic issues in the professional domain of a variety of scientists for
clues as to how the culture of science might influence demographic participation in
science programs. As a study of culture with an explicitly sociopolitical agenda,
this study adheres most closely to the traditions of Critical Ethnography. Interviews
were conducted with 34 practicing scientists sampled demographically across science
and applied science fields with respect to sex and racial/ ethnic background. The
interviewees were half female, half male, half Caucasian, and half people of color
(from several ethnic groups). Results indicate that the scientific method and its
associated worldview are the most readily identifiable source of the problem of minority
representation in the sciences. Scientists believe they can remove subjectivity from
their treatment of people, because they are convinced they can do this in their empirical
work. Responses, however, in interviews indicate that people in the sciences are not
treated equally or equitably." (author's abstract)|
Quelle: Land Berlin Senator für Wirtschaft und Arbeit; Berlin, 1985. 126 S.
Inhalt: Anhand von 20 Interviews mit Unternehmerinnen in Berlin (West) wird der Frage nachgegangen: "Auf welche Schwierigkeiten stoßen Frauen, wenn sie sich beruflich selbständig machen?" Ergänzt werden die Untersuchungsergebnisse um Erfahrungen aus anderen Ländern (Belgien, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Niederlande, Schweden, Norwegen, Finnland, USA) und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. (IAB2)