Gender role attitudes in Italy: 1988-2008 - a path-dependency story of traditionalism
Autor/in:
Lomazzi, Vera
Quelle: European Societies, 19 (2017) 4, S 370-395
Inhalt: Considering gender role attitudes as part of a broader cultural change related to the modernization process, this study adopts a path-dependency approach to analyze the support for the role of women in the public sphere in Italy since 1988. Modernization processes varied across Italian regions and the paper explores how different gender patterns developed accordingly. Using pooled data from European Values Survey, World Values Survey, and International Social Survey Program, the author assesses if this specific change is part of the postmaterialist shift and investigates the mechanisms of change carrying out cohort decomposition methods. The results address a reinforcement of traditionalism mainly due to the period effect that shows regional differences given by history.
Gender role attitudes in Italy: 1988-2008 - a path-dependency story of traditionalism
Autor/in:
Lomazzi, Vera
Quelle: European Societies, 19 (2017) 4, S 370-395
Inhalt: Considering gender role attitudes as part of a broader cultural change related to the modernization process, this study adopts a path-dependency approach to analyze the support for the role of women in the public sphere in Italy since 1988. Modernization processes varied across Italian regions and the paper explores how different gender patterns developed accordingly. Using pooled data from European Values Survey, World Values Survey, and International Social Survey Program, the author assesses if this specific change is part of the postmaterialist shift and investigates the mechanisms of change carrying out cohort decomposition methods. The results address a reinforcement of traditionalism mainly due to the period effect that shows regional differences given by history.
Institutional change and gender inequalities at labour market entry: a comparison of Estonia, Russia, and East and West Germany
Autor/in:
Kosyakova, Yuliya; Saar, Ellu; Dämmrich, Johanna
Quelle: Studies of Transition States and Societies, 9 (2017) 2, S 17-40
Inhalt: Our study investigates how gender inequalities in job opportunities evolved during communist and post-communist times in former state-socialist countries. Theoretical arguments (mainly based on studies referring to Western countries) led to the expectation of a surge in gender inequalities in these countries after the collapse of communism. Empirically, we explore the gender gap in job authority upon labour market entry by using life-history data from Russia, Estonia, and East Germany, with West Germany serving as a control case. The selection of countries was motivated primarily by the availability of rich life-history data, covering four decades of (post-) state socialism but also by divergences in institutional set-ups in the course of transition from state socialism to a liberalised market economy. Our findings yield four major results. First, accounting for education and the branch of economy, women were not disadvantaged during Soviet times; instead, we have even found evidence of a slight female advantage in Estonia and East Germany. Thus, our findings mirror the communist regime's effectiveness in equalising women's and men's opportunities at work. Second, in the pre-collapse decade, the advantage of women in terms of job authority decreased in East Germany and Estonia, whereas in Russia, women fell behind men. Third, with the Soviet Union collapse, a remarkable female disadvantage emerged in all formerly state socialist countries under scrutiny. In addition, we observe a growing gender gap in West Germany in the same period. The latter result strengthens the conclusion that times of economic liberalisation may go hand-in-hand with increasing gender inequalities.
Care Revolution: eine Care-Bewegung tritt an, um die Lebensverhältnisse zu revolutionieren!
Autor/in:
Hausotter, Jette; Wiesental, Ann
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 23 (2014) 2, S 125-128
Schlagwörter:Pflege; caregiving; Sozialarbeit; social work; Hausarbeit; housework; soziale Unterstützung; social support; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; Reproduktion; reproduction; soziale Infrastruktur; social infrastructure; Selbstbestimmung; self-determination; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; soziale Bewegung; social movement; Feminismus; feminism; Federal Republic of Germany
SSOAR Kategorie:Soziologie von Gesamtgesellschaften, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Liebe im Kapitalismus zwischen Geschlechtergleichheit und Marktorientierung
Titelübersetzung:Love in capitalism between gender equality and market orientation
Autor/in:
Burkart, Günter
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 6 (2014) 2, S 85-101
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Wandel der Liebe in Paarbeziehungen im Kontext der Veränderungen von Geschlechterverhältnissen. Als die Idee der 'romantischen Liebe' am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts aufkam, waren Vorstellungen von Geschlechtergleichheit oder das Modell der Partnerschaftlichkeit noch nicht durchgesetzt, im Kontrast zur heutigen Situation, in der die Liebe in einem Spannungsverhältnis zu diesen Idealen steht. Bezieht man den Kapitalismus und die Medienkultur ein, verschärft sich diese Problematik. Private Beziehungen und damit auch die Liebe geraten unter Ökonomisierungsdruck, sie werden stärker marktorientiert. Auf der anderen Seite wird vermutet, dass sich unter dem Einfluss der Liebe auch der Kapitalismus verändert und Werte wie Geschlechtergleichheit und Emotionalität adaptiert. Liebe und Kapitalismus, so die zeitdiagnostische These, durchdringen sich gegenseitig und stehen in einem wechselseitigen Anpassungsprozess. Als mögliche Konsequenz wird eine Feminisierung des Kapitalismus diskutiert." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This article deals with the social changes occurring in love relationships in the context of changing gender relations. When the concept of romantic love appeared in the late 18th century, ideas of gender equality and of partnership were not widespread. Today, in contrast, love is caught between these two ideals. The tension arising as a result gains increasing importance in the context of capitalism and media culture. Private and, thus, love relationships are under economic pressure (commodification of love). On the other hand, it is assumed that capitalism is also changing and that it adopts values which are important for love and for gender equality. Love and capitalism, so the leading idea, interpenetrate each other and coexist in a process of reciprocal adaptation. The feminization of capitalism is assumed to be a possible consequence." (author's abstract)
Wert-Abjektion als konstituierende und strukturierende Kraft von Care-Arbeit im patriarchalen Kapitalismus
Autor/in:
Müller, Beatrice
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 22 (2013) 1, S 31-43
Inhalt: "Der Artikel verfolgt den Anspruch einen Beitrag zur Theoretisierung der Care-Arbeit im patriarchalen Kapitalismus zu leisten. Auf einer abstrakten Ebene wird versucht die permanente Abwertung der Care-Arbeit durch eine Verknüpfung marxistisch-feministischer und psychoanalytischer Perspektiven analytisch fassbar zu machen. Zunächst wird dabei das Wert-Abspaltungstheorem von Roswitha Scholz im Kontext marxistisch-feministischer Debatten, skizziert und kritisiert und in zweifacher Weise (formanalytisch und psychoanalytisch) re-konzeptualisiert Im Ergebnis wird dabei die Marx'sche Wertform als Wert-Abjektionsform konzipiert, die als soziale Form die strukturierende und konstituierende Kraft der Care-Arbeit darstellt und so deren permanente Abwertung erklärt." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "This paper aims to deliver a contribution to theorise care-work in patriarchal capitalism. On an abstract level of argumentation and linking marxist-feminist and psychoanalytical perspectives, it explains the permanent devaluation of care-work. In this respect it describes and criticises the theorem of 'value-dissociation' by Roswitha Scholz in the context of marxist-feminist debates and re-conceptualises the concept in a twofold manner (formanalytically and psychoanalytically). In conclusion the marxist value-form always appears as a value-abjection-form, which as social form is a constitutive and structuring force of care work in patriarchal capitalism and explains their permanent devaluation. The article discusses current analyses and assessments of the contemporary 'multiple crisis' from the perspectives of feminist and neo-Gramscian International Political Economy (IPE). We argue for a conceptual linkage of these approaches in order to analyze the role of gendered subjectivation in currently dominant forms of crisis management. The Troika's policies in Greece are presented as an example for how the - implicitly organized - redistribution of responsibilities for socially necessary care- and reproduction work can be understood as 'subjectivation as crisis management': the displacement of crisis management into the gendered subjects themselves." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Pflege; caregiving; Altenpflege; nursing care for the elderly; Kinderpflege; child care; Prekarisierung; precariousness; soziale Anerkennung; social recognition; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Patriarchat; patriarchy; Herrschaft; domination; Kapitalismus; capitalism; Marxismus; Marxism; Feminismus; feminism; Ungleichheit; inequality
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Soziologie von Gesamtgesellschaften