Titelübersetzung:Bericht über die Gleichberechtigung der Geschlechter weltweit 2007
Autor/in:
Hausmann, Ricardo; Tyson, Laura D.; Zahidi, Saadia
Quelle: World Economic Forum; Genève, 2009. 205 S.
Inhalt: Geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheit ist ein Phänomen, das überall auf der Welt bei der Mehrzahl der Kulturen, Religionen, Nationen und Einkommensgruppen auftritt. Diese sog. 'Geschlechterkluft' manifestiert sich in den unterschiedlichsten Formen und es bedarf daher eines allgemeinen Bezugsrahmens zur Entwicklung wirksamer Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen. Das World Economic Forum stellt mit dem Global Gender Index einen derartigen Bezugsrahmen zur Verfügung. Der Index ist ein Instrument zur Ermittlung und Messung von Ungleichheiten in den Bereichen Wirtschaft, Politik, Erziehungs- und Gesundheitswesen. Auf der Basis der Auswertungen von Daten zu über 30 geschlechtsbezogenen Variablen wird eine Ranglisten von Staaten präsentiert, die eine weltweite Bestandsaufnahme der gesetzlichen und gesellschaftlichen Faktoren, die die Disparität zwischen den Geschlechtern in jedem einzelnen Land bestimmen, ermöglicht. Rangliste und Länderprofile sollen als Katalysatoren gesellschaftlichen Wandels dienen und den politischen Entscheidungsträgern Informationen über die relativen Stärken und Schwächen ihrer Länder im Vergleich zu anderen Nationen liefern. (IAB)
Mind the gap - women's and men's quality of work and employment : background paper ; EESC/Labour Market Observatory meeting on 'women's access to the labour market', 29 April 2008
Titelübersetzung:Achten Sie auf die Lücke : geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede hinsichtlich Arbeitsqualität und Beschäftigung
Autor/in:
Jurczak, Kasia; Hurley, John
Quelle: European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions; Dublin, 2008. 12 S.
Inhalt: "Gender mainstreaming is an integral part of the research conducted by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. When labour market participation, working conditions and the resulting labour market outcomes are analysed, the difference in the situation of women and men is evident. This report highlights the main issues concerning women's situation in the labour market and indicate where the principal barriers to women's labour market participation lie." (author's abstract). Contents: Increasing entry of women into labour market: Sectoral concentration. Men's jobs - women's jobs: a world apart? Breaking the glass ceiling? Flexibility for some, security for others. Mind the pay gap. Work-life balance. Social partner actions. Conclusions.
Titelübersetzung:Bekommt die gläserne Decke Risse? : ein einfacher Test
Autor/in:
Hu, Ting; Yun, Myeong-Su
Quelle: Bonn (Discussion Paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH, No. 3518), 2008. 23 S.
Inhalt: "It has been reported that there is dramatic increase of female workers into manager level jobs during last few decades in the US labor market. Using Standard & Poor's Compustat ExecuComp database over 14 years (1992 - 2005), this paper examines whether the glass ceiling in the executive market has been substantially weakened measured by relative compensation by gender and female representation in the top rung of the executive market. Though the status of females in the executive market seems to have been improved, we cannot reject null hypothesis of no change when we test hypotheses whether the glass ceiling has significantly weakened. The results of the hypothesis tests suggest that there is still a long way ahead before gender equality is achieved and the glass ceiling is removed in the executive market." (author's abstract)
Mentoring and segregation: female-led firms and gender wage policies
Titelübersetzung:Mentoring und Segregation: Unternehmen mit weiblicher Leitung und geschlechterbezogene Lohnpolitik
Autor/in:
Cardoso, Ana Rute; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf
Quelle: Bonn (Discussion Paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH, No. 3210), 2007. 26 S.
Inhalt: "We explore the impact of mentoring of females and gender segregation on wages using a large longitudinal data set for Portugal. Female managers can protect and mentor female employees by paying them higher wages than male-led firms would do. We find that females can enjoy higher wages in female-led firms, the opposite being true for males. In both cases is a higher share of females reducing the wage level. These results are compatible with a theory where job promotion is an important factor of wage increases: if more females are to be mentored, less promotion slots are available for males, but also the expected chance of a female to be promoted is lower." (author's abstract)
Gender and career development : the case of Germany
Titelübersetzung:Geschlecht und Berufsverlauf : der Fall Deutschland
Autor/in:
Vogel, Sandra
Quelle: Köln (EIRO-Comparative Studies : Beitrag aus dem Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln zum European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO), 03/2007), 2007. 23 S.
Inhalt: "Die beruflichen Perspektiven von Frauen verdienen vor dem Hintergrund der demographischen Entwicklung mehr Aufmerksamkeit. Der deutsche Beitrag des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln im Rahmen der neuesten europäischen EIRO-Vergleichsstudie zeigt, dass Beschäftigungs-, Verdienst- und Karrieremöglichkeiten von weiblichen Arbeitskräften in den Branchen unterschiedlich ausfallen." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The purpose of this study is to gather information on several key aspects of gender and careers. First we seek information on current sectoral and occupational distributions across the member countries. We are interested in both horizontal and vertical segregation, including information on the extent of upward mobility of women in organisations and whether the 'glass ceiling' effect is still evident. Second we seek information on the qualifications held by men and women in employment. The Gender Perspectives Annual Update 2000 contains data from 1999 on the education level of the labour force and we would like to up-date this information and collect new data for the new EU countries. We also seek information on the amount of training provided by employers and the extent to which this differs depending upon part or full time employment. Finally, and importantly, we also seek information on the views, opinions, policies and actions of the social partners on issues to do with gender and careers." (author's abstract)
Women-led firms and the gender gap in top executive jobs
Titelübersetzung:Von Frauen geführte Unternehmen und der geschlechtsspezifische Unterschied bei Führungspositionen
Autor/in:
Bell, Linda A.
Quelle: Bonn (Discussion Paper / Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH, No. 1689), 2005. 42 S.; 161 KB
Inhalt: "Using data on Executive Compensation from Standard and Poor's ExecuComp, this paper explores the gender gap in top executive jobs and the effect of women CEOs, Chairs, and Directors on the pay of other women executives. The results show a narrowing of the uncorrected gender pay gap from the mid-1990s. Women top executives earn between 8 to 25 per cent less than male executives after controlling for differences in company size, occupational title, and industry. The magnitude of the gender pay gap is statistically related to the gender of the Chief Executive and Corporate Board Chair. Women CEO and Board Chairs bring more top women and at higher pay than is found in non-women-led firms. Specifically, female executives in women-led firms earn between 10-20 per cent more than comparable executive women in male-led firms and are between 3-18 per cent more likely to be among the highest five paid executives in these firms as well. The paper thereby provides strong empirical evidence that women leaders are associated with positive outcomes for women executives in substantive and important ways." (author's abstract)