The effect of priming gender roles on women's implicit gender beliefs and career aspirations
Titelübersetzung:Der Effekt der grundlegenden Geschlechtsrollen auf implizite Geschlechterüberzeugung von Frauen und Karriereaspirationen
Autor/in:
Rudman, Laurie A.; Phelan, Julie E.
Quelle: Social psychology, Vol. 41 (2010) No. 3, S. 192-202
Inhalt: "The authors investigated the effect of priming gender roles on women's implicit gender stereotypes, implicit leadership self-concept, and interest in masculine and feminine careers. Women primed with traditional gender roles (e.g., a male surgeon and a female nurse) showed increased automatic gender stereotypes relative to controls; this effect mediated their reduced interest in masculine occupations. By contrast, exposure to nontraditional roles (e.g., a female surgeon and a male nurse) decreased women's leadership self-concept and lowered their interest in masculine occupations, suggesting that female vanguards (i.e., successful women in male-dominated careers) can provoke upward comparison threat, rather than inspire self-empowerment. Thus, priming either traditional or nontraditional gender roles can threaten progress toward gender equality, albeit through different mechanisms (stereotypes or self-concept, respectively)." (author's abstract)
Labor force plans and labor force status : U.S. women of the college class of 1957
Titelübersetzung:Arbeitskräftepäne und Arbeitskräftestatus : Frauen in den USA des College-Jahrgangs 1957
Autor/in:
Leppel, Karen
Quelle: Demographic Research, Vol. 12 (2005) Art. 8, S. 173-195
Inhalt: "Many U.S. women who were in their late 60s at the turn of the century were still employed. These women graduated from college in the 1950s, an era when women's labor force participation was low. Data from the U.S. Department of Labor Women's Bureau Survey of the college class of 1957 was used to examine labor force expectations of these women when they completed college. Logit analysis was applied to four labor force categories: full-time, part-time, unemployed, and not in the labor force. In 1957, many women underestimated their future labor force participation. By 1964, though, the trend toward increasing future work expectations may have begun. After examining the retirement literature and factors encouraging older women to continue working, Current Population Survey data on college-educated women aged 65 to 69 in 2003 were used to explore the labor force participation of this cohort later in life." (author's abstract)
Work-family conflict : a comparison of dual-career and traditional-career men
Titelübersetzung:Konflikt zwischen Arbeit und Familie - Ein Vergleich zwischen alleinverdienenden Männern und Männern mit einer erwerbstätigen Frau
Autor/in:
Higgins, Christopher A.; Duxbury, Linda E.
Quelle: Journal of occupational behaviour, Vol. 13 (1992) No. 4, S. 389-411
Inhalt: Die Studie untersucht für erwerbstätige Männer die Konflikte im Spannungsfeld von Arbeit und Familie. Dabei wird unterschieden zwischen Männern, deren Ehefrauen die Hausarbeit übernehmen und Männern, deren Ehefrau ebenfalls berufstätig ist. (IAB)
Inhalt: "This research examines differences in the antecedents and consequences of work-family conflict - a form of interrole conflict that occurs when the demands of work and family are mutually incompatible in some respect - for two groups of career-oriented men: those with a homemaker wife (called traditional-career men) and those with a spouse in a career-oriented job (labelled dual-career men). Using a model built on the work of Kopelman, Greenhaus and Connolly (1983), the responses from 136 dual-career man and 137 traditional-career men were compared. The primary conclusion of this reserach is that maternal career employment has a significant effect on the antecedents of work-familiy conflict. Dual-career man appear to experience a significant negative spillover from their work domain. We suggest that this spillover is due to a lack of structural flexibility in the workplace, outdated organizational policies that operate on the 'myth of separate worlds' and a lack of social support for the male dual-career role which contradicts societal norms." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Career plans and expectations of young women and men : the earnings gap and labor force participation
Titelübersetzung:Karrierepläne und Erwartungen von jungen Frauen und Männern - Der Einkommensunterschied und die Erwerbsbeteiligung
Autor/in:
Blau, Francine D.; Ferber, Marianne A.
Quelle: Journal of human resources, Vol. 26 (1991) No. 4, S. 581-607
Inhalt: Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen werden häufig auch mit der Unterbrechung der Erwerbstätigkeit durch die Frauen erklärt. Die Autorinnen zeigen, daß Frauen auch unter der Prämisse einer kontinuierlichen Erwerbstätigkeit von vornherein niedrigere Erwerbseinkommen erwarten. Die geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschiede im Einkommen lassen sich im Sample nicht vollständig durch die (geplanten) geringeren Erwerbsjahre der Frauen erklären. (IAB)
Inhalt: "Using detailed information on the career plans and earnings expectations of college business school seniors, we test the hypothesis that women who plan to work intermittently choose jobs with lower rewards to work experience in return for lower penalties for labor force interruptions. We find that while men and women expect similar starting salaries, women anticipate considerably lower earnings in subsequent years, even under the assumption of continuous employment after leaving school. While it is also true that women in the sample plan to work fewer years than men, these differences do not explain the observed gender differences in expected earnings profiles. We also find no evidence that gender differences in expected earnings have any effect on the number of years these women plan to be in the labor market." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Job satisfaction in professional dual-career couples : psychological and socioeconomic variables
Titelübersetzung:Arbeitszufriedenheit bei Ehepaaren mit Doppelkarrieren
Autor/in:
Klein, Henya
Quelle: Journal of vocational behavior, Vol. 32 (1988) No. 3, S. 255-268
Inhalt: Ziel der Untersuchung war es, den relativen Einfluß einiger psychologischer und sozioökonomischer Variablen auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit bei voll- und unterbeschäftigten Ehegatten festzustellen. Die empirische Analyse auf der Basis einer schriftlichen Befragung von 355 Ehepaaren ergab, daß keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf Arbeitszufriedenheit bei voll- und unterbeschäftigten Ehepartnern vorliegen. Allein die psychologischen Variablen wie Selbsteinschätzung, Karriere- oder Familienorientierung zeigten eine signifikante Relation zur Arbeitszufriedenheit. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, daß es weiterer Forschung und differenzierterer Meßinstrumente bedarf, um die Variable Erwerbsstatus empirsch meßbar zu machen. (IAB)
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender and promotion in segmented job ladder systems
Titelübersetzung:Geschlechtsspezifische Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten in segmentierten Laufbahnsystemen
Autor/in:
DiPrete, Thomas A.; Soule, Whitman T.
Quelle: American Sociological Review, Vol. 53 (1988) No. 1, S. 26-40
Inhalt: Der Beitrag untersucht auf der Basis einer 1 Prozent - Stichprobe von Angestellten der amerikanischen Bundesverwaltung die geschlechtsspezifischen Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten in segmentierten Laufbahnsystemen. (IAB)
Inhalt: "White-collar internal labor markets are typically segmented in various ways. Job ladders, job ladder groupings, and tiers create a complicated set of boundaries that make advancement contingent on such factors as the chances for advancement in a job ladder, the chances to move to other job ladders that offer greater opportunity, and the distribution of preferred statuses that influence promotion outcomes. This paper shows how these contingencies created gender differences in promotion rates in the federal civil service during the middle 1970s. Gender promotions varied by level. The greatest female disadvantage occurred near the boundary between the lower- and upper-tier grades. No gender difference was found in the higher grades, and no zero-order difference existed in the lower grades. Gender differences in grade promotion were largely explained by differences in ladder-specific opportunities. But significant gender differences in promotion from the lower- to the upper-tier remained, even when personal attributes and organizational location were controlled." (author's abstract)