Building careers, transforming institutions : underrepresented women and minorities, leadership opportunities, and interinstitutional networking
Autor/in:
Niemeier, D.A.; Smith, Vicki
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 2, S. 181-196
Inhalt: "Transforming universities does not occur exclusively as a result of the actions of current university leaders but additionally requires the collective efforts of women who are interested in mobility and opportunity for women across the board, and who are committed to changing the broad work environment for women in the academy. In engineering, the representation of women in mid-career and senior-level faculty positions remains very low, with even fewer women assuming leadership positions such as department chair or research center director. In this article, we examine outcomes of the National Science Foundation sponsored 1st Women in Engineering Leadership Conference in the fall of 2000. The conference was designed to enable women engineers to develop the types of network that can facilitate transition to leadership positions. With an analysis of data gathered from surveys at three points in time, we track the issues that were salient to women who were considering leadership roles (both obstacles to and aspirations for); identify the benefits accrued from participation in the conference and from subsequent networking activities; and propose future interventions that may enhance and promote interinstitutional networking." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Netzwerke und Organisationen, Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Geschlechterverhältnis
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Theater as a community-building strategy for women in engineering : theory and practice
Autor/in:
Chesler, Naomi C.; Chesler, Mark A.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 11 (2005) No. 1, S. 83-96
Inhalt: "Previously, the authors have suggested that peer mentoring through a caring community would improve the quality of life for female faculty members in engineering and could have a positive effect on retention and career advancement. Here, the authors present the background psychosocial literature for choosing participatory theater as a strategy to develop a caring community and report on a pilot study in which participatory theater activities were used within a workshop format for untenured female faculty members in engineering. The authors identify the key differences between participatory theater and other strategies for community building that may enhance participants' sense of commonality and the strength and utility of their community as a mentoring and support mechanism and discuss the ways in which these efforts could have a broader, longer term impact." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Mentoring und Training
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Gender and satisfaction with the cooperative education experience in engineering
Autor/in:
Wilkinson, Karen R.; Sullivan, Laura L.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 3-4
Inhalt: "This study investigated gender differences in job satisfaction following the first
term of a cooperative education program in engineering. Using data from a survey of
freshmen, this study tested hypotheses about gender differences in the co-op job experience
and the correlates of co-op job satisfaction. Gender-based predictive models of job
satisfaction are presented. In general, the correlates of co-op job satisfaction are
the same as those identified in past studies of job satisfaction. The level of co-op
job satisfaction is the same for men and women, even though women do face some disadvantages.
Social influences are important to both men and women, but there are gender differences
in the specific predictors." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
The effect of World War II on women in engineering
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 3-4
Inhalt: "The field of engineering has been one of the most difficult for women to enter. Even
with an increase in the proportion of women in the engineering workforce from 0.3%
before the 1970s to 9.5% in 1999, women are still seriously underrepresented. This
article examines the history of women in engineering in the United States during World
War II. Women were actively recruited as engineering aides by the federal government,
which saw them as a temporary substitute for men who were in the military. Yet this
crisis did not break down the barriers to and prejudices against women in engineering,
nor did it give them a real opportunity to become professional engineers equal to
men. After the war, calls for a return to normalcy were used to reestablish social
norms, which kept women at home and reserved desirable places in the workforce, including
in engineering, for men." (author's abstract)|
CEWS Kategorie:Naturwissenschaft und Technik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
An account of women's progress in engineering : a social cognitive perspective
Autor/in:
Vogt, Christina
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 9 (2003) No. 3-4, S. 217-238
Inhalt: "Traditionally, women were not welcome in higher education, especially in male-dominated fields. Undoubtedly, women have dramatically increased their enrollments in many once male-only fields, such as law, medicine, and several of the sciences; nevertheless, engineering remains a field where women continue to be underrepresented. This has often been attributed to social barriers in engineering classrooms. However, a new turn of events has been reported: Young women entering engineering may receive higher grades and have a greater tendency to remain than men. To examine what has recently changed, the author applied Bandura's triadic model of reciprocity between environment, self, and behavior. The measured variables included academic integration or discrimination, self-measures of academic self-confidence, engineering self-efficacy, and behaviors taken to self-regulate learning: critical thinking, effort, peer learning, and help seeking. The data revealed that women apply slightly more effort and have slightly less self-efficacy than men. Their academic confidence is nearly equal in almost all areas. Most significantly, many previous gender biases appear diminished, and those that do exist are slight. However, it is recommended that continued efforts be undertaken to attract and retain women in engineering programs." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 1, S. 41-52
Inhalt: "Achievement-related beliefs were examined among a group of 238 college students in engineering (38 female, 104 male) and nonengineering majors (57 female, 39 male) to understand why women enter engineering majors at a low rate and are more likely than men to leave such majors. The results indicated that (a) among the engineering majors, women were more likely than men to identify engineering aptitude as a fixed ability, a belief that was associated with a tendency to drop classes when faced with difficulty; (b) female engineering majors were more likely to perceive male and female engineering students as receiving different treatment than their male counterparts; and (c) female engineering majors tended to place more emphasis on extrinsic factors and less emphasis on intrinsic factors than female nonengineering majors, a pattern not seen among men. Implications for intervention programs are discussed." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Studentin; Ingenieurwissenschaft; Ingenieurin; Planung; Karriere
CEWS Kategorie:Berufsbiographie und Karriere, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Who gets promoted? : gender differences in science and engineering academia
Autor/in:
Olson, Kristen
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 347-362
Inhalt: "Using a nationally representative sample of doctoral academic scientists and engineers, this study examines gender differences in the likelihood of having tenure and senior faculty ranks after controlling for academic age, field, doctoral origins, employing educational institution, productivity, postdoctoral positions, work activities, and family characteristics. Logistic regressions show that many of these controls are significant; that biology and employment at comprehensive universities have a gender-specific advantage for women; and that postdoctoral positions, teaching instead of doing administrative work, and having children have a gender-specific disadvantage. Although the statistical methods employed here do not reveal the exact nature of how gender inequities in science and engineering careers arise, the author suggests that they exist." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Geschlechterverhältnis, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
At the crossroads : women, science, and engineering
Autor/in:
Clewell, Beatriz; Burger, Carol J.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 249 253
Inhalt: "This article introduces the articles featured in the August 2002 issue of the Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering; discusses the gap between boys' and girls' achievement in mathematics and the sciences; efforts to increase the representation of women in science, engineering and technology; and the progress of academic female scientists and engineers in the U.S. and Great Britain." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Arbeitswelt und Arbeitsmarkt, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Effects of gender on engineering career commitment
Autor/in:
Barker, Anne M.
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 2, S. 125-152
Inhalt: "Engineering has been one of the most difficult fields for 'women to enter and in
which to succeed. Although the percentage of female engineers has Increased, women
are still seriously underrepresented in the workforce. This study examined the effect
offender on career commitment, success, satisfaction, and involvement in engineering,
and the effect of personality and work environment on these variables. Alumni from
an engineering school in the northeastern United States were surveyed. The questionnaire
was analyzed using statistical and descriptive methods to determine relationships
among these variables. Women's commitment scores were lower than men's when controlled
for other variables, including satisfaction and involvement. Men had longer tenure
as engineers than women, even when controlled for year of graduation, professional
engineering status, and number of children. Women did not leave engineering in different
proportions than men, but they did earn significantly less despite controlling for
year of graduation and number of hours worked weekly. Some gender differences in workplace
experience were also found, including having colleagues act protectively, being mistaken
for secretaries, and seeing men progress faster in their careers than equally qualified
women." (author's abstract)|
Moving women from school to work in science : curriculum demands, adult identities and life transitions
Autor/in:
Eisenhart, Margaret
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 7 (2001) No. 3, S. 199-213
Inhalt: "This article proposes that the organization of some college curriculum programs as
well as some workplaces presents special and perhaps unnecessary obstacles to women
who might pursue science or engineering. The article begins with a framework for thinking
about connections between school and work in various fields. This section reveals
important differences in the way college degree programs are organized and in their
implications for the transition to work. Some programs, such as in physics, construct
a 'tight' link between school and work; others, such as in sociology, construct much
looser links. The article proceeds by reviewing results of previous ethnographic research
about women's actual experiences in college and work. This section suggests that during
the period of transition from college to work, women face special cultural demands
that interfere with their pursuit of degrees in tight programs. Joining the lessons
from the two preceding sections, the argument is made that the tight organization
of some college and workplace environments asks more of women than they can give and
helps explain why women continue to be under represented in some fields. The argument
has testable implications for the design of curricularprograms and workplace environments
that might attract more women (and perhaps more minorities and men) to science and
engineering." (author's abstract)|