Conflict of culture and religion: Jalal Al-e-Ahmad's "Pink Nail Polish" from a Bakhtin's carnivalistic point of view
Autor/in:
Oroskhan, Muhammad Hussein; Anoosheh, Sayyed Mohammad
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2017) 77, S 35-43
Inhalt: By the 1930s, the Iranian society was driven toward modernization. Consisted with the concept of modernization, feminism ushered a whole new era in Iranian history. Besides, the outbreak of World War II and the consequent abdication of Reza Khan afforded women a golden opportunity to fight for their rights and emancipations. This movement was also supported by the famous male writers of the time among whom Jalal Al-e-Ahmad marked a prominent place. He was keen enough to properly explore women's situation in his works and notice the drastic effect of modernization upon women's situation. Hence, in this study, we try to investigate Al-e-Ahmad's short story entitled "Pink Nail Polish" 1948 with respect to Bakhtin's Carnivalesque's theory. Furthermore, it is shown how Bakhtin's new literary mode can create the excellent chance of studying Iranian women's situation properly. Finally, we explain that due to the drastic change of Iranian women's situation towards modernity, they may lead a double life if their rights are not respected. This can lead to a disproportionate relationship between the husband and the wife as the marital infidelity becomes rampant.
Schlagwörter:Iran; Iran; Modernisierung; modernization; 20. Jahrhundert; twentieth century; Feminismus; feminism; woman; soziale Lage; social situation; Literatur; literature; Kulturkonflikt; cultural conflict; religiöser Konflikt; religious conflict
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2017) 77, S 56-65
Inhalt: In this research, we have studied the population of street children in Khorram Abad in Iran, in 2015, with the emphasis on the role of economic and legal factors forcing children to work on the streets. The results of this research show that the issue of child labor is the consequence of both global and local matters. These children are the products of the urban society, poverty, and cultural, legal, and local factors. The research method is a survey, and the statistical population is the street children, aged between 7 to 18 living in Khorram Abad, in 2015. The sample population chosen randomly includes 242 people, and the required information was gathered using the questionnaire and interview technique. In Khorram Abad, Lorestan, economic crisis and parents' misdemeanor are the two main factors that force the children to fill their fathers' missing place by working in the streets. But, gender factors such as being a boy, and cultural factors such as belonging to a specific tribe are influential in the howness of this phenomenon. In this article, we have attempted to use native sources for a better understanding of the local situation of the phenomenon, and have proposed a few solutions to alter the current situation.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2016) 70, S 14-20
Inhalt: Patients' viewpoints are commonly used to assess quality of care in diverse healthcare organizations. This permits managerial decisions to be made based on knowledge rather than conjecture. The purpose of the current study is to investigate quality gap of family health care through measuring differences between clients' perceptions and expectations at Kashan city health centers in Iran.Methodology: A cross-sectional design was applied in 2013. The study sample was composed of 384 women clients of family health services randomly selected from Kashan city health centers. The SERVQUAL questionnaire was used for data collection. Service quality gap was measured by computing the difference between the rating respondents assign to expectations and perceptions statements. For pair wise comparison of the expectations and perceptions the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used. Internal consistency of the scale was confirmed with Cronbach's Alpha coefficients (.81 for expectations and .84 for perceptions).Findings: In all dimensions of the services a significant (P<0.001) negative quality gap was observed. The maximum quality gap was in the tangibility (-0.60±0.37) and the minimum one was in the responsiveness (-0.41±0.31) dimension. The findings of the research demonstrated that there was negative gap between clients' expectations and perceptions in all dimensions of the services. Thus, family health care managers should apply improvements in all five dimensions of the services.
Schlagwörter:quality; perception; Iran; Gesundheit; Erwartung; Iran; Management; Wahrnehmung; health care; Familie; Gesundheitsversorgung; expectation; public health services; Qualität; woman; management; family; health; Gesundheitsdienst; Patient; patient
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 62, S 147-156
Inhalt: The aim of the present research was to compare parenting styles and mental health among students. The statistical population of the paper included all the female and male third grade high school students in the city of Boukan. The sample was selected through simple random style in access which included 340 people of both sexes. The tools used in this research comprises two: Baumrind parenting style and Goldberg's general health questionnaires. Findings revealed that this research is of a causal-comparative nature and it was established that there was a difference between mental health of the two sexes; there was also a difference between the two sexes.
Speech act of thanking: a contrastive analysis among Iranian EFL learners in terms of gender and level of proficiency
Autor/in:
Hesabi, Akbar; Azima, Mina
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 59, S 76-84
Inhalt: The speech act of thanking is one of the fairly neglected areas of research in the Iranian context. The present study seeks to investigate the ways in which this social act is expressed by young male and female EFL learners. To collect the data for this study sixty participants (30 males, 30females) were selected randomly from among the population of BA and MA students of Najafabad university and students learning English in a language institutes located in Najafabad. The major focus of this study was the role that gender and individuals’ level of proficiency might play in the application of thanking strategies. Students were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT). They were supposed to read thirteen natural situations, and react to them via expressing gratitude. In order to analyze the utterances of thanking, Cheng's coding scheme was employed. Students' responses were further classified according to the gender and level of proficiency. The results revealed that the females were more cautious in selecting strategies of gratitude. Individuals' level of proficiency was also found to play an important role in the process of strategy selection.
Comparing the self-control and behavioral problems of girls in employed and unemployed mothers
Autor/in:
Babanezhad, Fahimeh
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 58, S 68-74
Inhalt: This research aims to compare styles of self-control and behavioral problems of girls in employed and unemployed mothers. In this research that was done using casual-comparison method (after events) 100 employed mothers and 100 unemployed ones of girls of elementary schools in district 4 of Tehran were selected as the sample based on cluster-random method. Self-control questionnaire (Allahverdipour et al., 2005) and children's behavioral problem questionnaire (parental form, 1994) were used for information collection that was previously normalized in studies conducted in Iran and its validity has been confirmed. In this research, reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through Cronbach alpha and was confirmed with a high reliability of 0.80. The t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the average of self-control in employed mothers is significantly more than that in unemployed mothers. Also, the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between girls of employed and unemployed women in hyperactivity and aggression, anxiety and depression, disorder, and lack of attention. This research confirms that employment of women results in enhancement of behavioral disorder among children. It is suggested that policy makers and planners in the country must pay attention to this point.
The role of electronic management of human resources in psychological empowerment of human resources in Shiraz gas company
Autor/in:
Ahmadipanah, Mahdi; Ganjali, Asadallah; Farhadi, Raha
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 54, S 63-71
Inhalt: The main purpose of this research is investigation of the role of human resources electronic management in psychological empowerment of gas company employees in Shiraz. The present study is the descriptive research which was conducted by survey. The population of this research is the staff of Gas Company located in Shiraz. The considered population consisted 347 employees that 180 0f them were selected and studied as a sample based on Morgan table. The instrument for gathering data in this research is questionnaires. For determining the validity of questionnaires, the content validity has been used. In addition, the masters' corrective comments have been applied. In this study, for investigating the reliability of instrument the Cronbach's alpha coefficients was used. The coefficient reliability of e-HR management questionnaires is 0/95 and the coefficient reliability of psychological HR questionnaires is 0/9 which shows desirable reliability of this questionnaire. Results and findings of the research: the obtained results indicate that there is positive and direct relation between the two variables of electronic system for appointment and career path management and psychological empowerment of staff located in Shiraz Gas Company. And there is positive and direct relation between two variables of electronic system of payment based on performance and psychological empowerment of staff in Gas Company located in Shiraz. And the results show that between two variables of electronic system of education management and psychological empowerment of staff in Gas Company in Gas Company in Shiraz, there is a positive and direct relationship. There is a positive and direct relationship between two variables of electronic system of recruitment and election and psychological empowerment of staff in Shiraz Gas Company. Also, between two variables of electronic system of management performance and psychological empowerment of staff in Shiraz Gas Company there is a positive and direct relationship. Regarding the conducted survey, it is indicated that between demographic features (gender, age, education level, working experience and psychological empowerment) there is a significant differences.
Schlagwörter:Iran; Iran; Management; management; Elektronik; electronics; Energiewirtschaft; energy industry; Personalmanagement; human resource management; Psychologie; psychology
The relationship between the quality of life and hope with depression among divorced women and divorce applicant
Autor/in:
Tavakol, Mostafa; Heidarei, Alireza
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 55, S 95-100
Inhalt: The aim of this current study is to identify the relation of hope and the quality of life with depression in divorced women and those who want to get divorce in Ahvaz City. The population of this study include all of the women who referred to the Family Divorce court Ahvaz City in 2014.The population of the number of divorce cases was 125 people and 191 available widow were selected in available sampling method and the total number of them were 316 person.The tools which were applied in this study consist of miller hope scale (1988), the world health organization quality of life questionnaire summary (1998) and beck depression questionnaire (1978).The study design was correlation that the obtained results based on correlation and regression analysis shows the a=0.001 and there is a relationship.Between Hope life and qualify of life with depression among divorced women and divorce applicant in Ahvaz City.
Schlagwörter:Iran; woman; Iran; Depression; hope; divorce; Lebensqualität; depression; Hoffnung; Ehescheidung; quality of life
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Sozialpsychologie, psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention
The frequency of expressions and proverbs in different Iranian generations' speech styles
Autor/in:
Khaghaninejad, Mohammad Saber; Hadigheh, Saharsaadat
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 50, S 13-19
Inhalt: Change is one of the fundamentals of every language. Every community consists of different generations with various perspectives toward life. The difference among different generations' vernaculars are so drastic that it would not be an exaggeration to claim that every generation of a society or a speech community has its own language or vernacular which distinguishes it from other generations or age-groups of the society in lexico-grammatical terms. This study put the frequency of expressions and proverbs in different generations' speech styles under investigation. Hence, inspired by stratified randomization technique, the researcher randomly selected a group of 24 middle-aged and similarly a group of 24 teenager participants of the two genders. Each of the age-groups consisted of 12 male and 12 female subjects in order to provide the possibility to determine the role of gender on expression or proverb usage. All the subjects were individually interviewed for elicitation of the needed data then their sentences were recorded and accurately transcribed for further investigation. By counting the expressions or proverbs in sentences of male/female teenagers' and middle-aged subjects of the research, their expression and proverb usage frequencies were illuminated. The study's results suggested that middle-aged speakers of Iranian community employed expressions and proverbs more than teenagers. This implies that the older would have a stronger relationship with the literature and are more satisfied with their culture and identity. Middle-aged subjects used those expressions which were deeply rooted in the literature and culture while teenagers were highly in use of those expressions and proverbs which were suddenly entered into the lexicon of the society by the advent of new television series or expanded advertisements of mass media, for example. Furthermore, it was found that males generally were more interested in using expression and proverb in their daily conversations than females.
Quelle: International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (2015) 49, S 30-42
Inhalt: This study seeks to investigate the ways in which the speech act of disagreement is expressed by young male and female Persian speakers. To collect the data 100 participants (50 males, 50 females,) were selected randomly from among undergraduate and graduate students of University of Isfahan and Islamic Azad University (Najafabad branch). The focus of this study was on the role that gender and power might play in the employment of strategies to mitigate the threat of disagreement. Students were asked to complete a discourse completion test (DCT) designed by the researcher. They were supposed to read nine suggestions situations, and react to them via making disagreements. Respondents were expected to disagree with three interlocutors with higher status, three peers and three with lower status. In order to analyze the utterances of disagreement, Muntigl and Turnbull’s taxonomy (1998) was employed. The results revealed that although both males and females were concerned about the power status of interlocutors and try to apply the appropriate strategies while expressing their disagreements, females were more cautious and used different strategies from those of males.
