Global Pandemic and the Veiled Crisis of Care in Turkey: Politics of Social Reproduction and Masculinist Restoration
Titelübersetzung:Globale Pandemie und die verschleierte Krise der Pflege in der Türkei: Politik der sozialen Reproduktion und maskulinistische Restauration
Autor/in:
Akkan, Başak
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 46 (2021) 4, S 31-49
Inhalt: Drawing on feminist debates about social reproduction and care while looking closely at gendered care politics and gender-insensitive containment measures, this article critically explores the politics of care in Turkey in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. It does so by engaging with the theoretical debate over "social reproduction as a site of crisis" (Fraser 2016, 2017) and provides a contextualised reflection on the contested features of the crisis of care in a highly gendered political setting where a familialist regime defines gender relations. Because such regimes expect women to increase their burden of care in times of crisis, the pandemic’s gender-insensitive containment politics fundamentally strengthened the boundaries between paid and unpaid work. The article explores the combination of gendered vulnerabilities related to increased unpaid care work and degraded conditions experienced by care workers during lockdowns as a manifestation of the crisis of care in Turkey. Besides neoliberal capitalism, as suggested by Fraser, Turkey's rising authoritarian conservatism also characterises the crisis of care, which has implications for gender inequalities. Accordingly, this article invokes the conceptual framework of "masculinist restoration," as suggested by Kandiyoti (2016, 2019) and argues that women’s situatedness as care providers has been losing its positional power as a cultural element of the familialist regime in Turkey. Instead, this situatedness is being enforced as a political project that aims to institutionalise familialism to secure patriarchal domination in a society, which therefore pertains to a veiled crisis of care.
Clustering and dispersal of siblings in the North-Holland countryside, 1850-1940
Titelübersetzung:Räumliche Nähe und Distanz von Geschwistern im ländlichen Nord-Holland, 1850-1940
Autor/in:
Kok, Jan; Bras, Hilde
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 33 (2008) 3, S 278-300
Inhalt: 'Why are some families scattered over a larger area than others? In this article we use a dataset with the complete life courses of all children from 210 families, originating from the same village in the commercialized North-Western part of The Netherlands. We experiment with multinomial logistic regression on sibling sets to discover the factors behind geographical sibling dispersal. The most important factors turn out to be the survival of the parents, the civil status of the siblings, and the size and gender composition of the sibling set.' (author's abstract)|
Hülya's migration to Germany as self-sacrifice undergone and suffered in love for her parents, and her later biographical individualisation: biographical problems and biographical work of marginalisation and individualisation of a young Turkish woman in Germany
Titelübersetzung:Hülyas Auswanderung nach Deutschland als Aufopferung aus Liebe zu ihren Eltern: biographische Probleme und biographische Arbeit der Marginalisierung und Individualisierung einer jungen Türkin in Deutschland
Autor/in:
Schütze, Fritz
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 31 (2006) 3, S 107-126
Inhalt: After asking what is typical or general in the life history of Hülya as a migrant worker in Germany and what is exceptional or unique (section 1) the biographical processes of her life history up to the most central episodes of her conventional and estranging pre-arranged marriage and her way out of it through divorce after having stayed in Germany for several years will be delineated (section 2). Before reaching this turning point Hülya not only undergoes the 'common' type trajectory of a migrant worker - the trajectory of being a cultural stranger, of being void of language, of being exploited by hardest sorts of work -, but, in addition, her personal biographical development is retarded by the exceptional, but probably not totally untypical experience of being trapped within a situation of compulsory labour (resembling slave labour). For a long time she also feels obliged to remain in her trajectory position of an isolated migrant worker, since originally she had mainly meant to go to Germany in order to support her poverty stricken family back in Turkey with her earnings. Partly based on the fear that she will get self-alienated and 'petrified' like the older women with whom she dwells and works together Hülya accepts a pre-arranged marriage (probably mainly negotiated by her mother) as the only way out of her predicament. But willy-nilly Hülya must learn that she - already embarked on her way to an individualized and emancipated existence - cannot live in such a superimposed arrangement, and therefore she distances herself from her husband through the biographical escape action schemes first of returning to Germany alone and then of pushing ahead her divorce.
Servants in preindustrial Europe: gender differences
Titelübersetzung:Diener im vorindustriellen Europa: Geschlechterdifferenzen
Autor/in:
Fauve-Chamoux, Antoinette
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 23 (1998) 1/2, S 112-129
Inhalt: Die spezifische Arbeit und die Mobilität männlicher wie weiblicher Dienerschaft hängen eng mit dem sozioökonomischen Übergang und der Urbanisierung der vorindustriellen europäischen Gesellschaften zusammen. Hausdienst wird als Parameter des europäischen Familienmodells eingeführt. Der Arbeitsmarkt für Diener und Lehrlinge, die fern ihrer Heimat arbeiteten, wird bis 1597 zurückverfolgt. Anhand von Tabellen werden die Anzahl und das Lebensalter ländlicher und städtischer Hausdienerschaft in verschiedenen französischen Gemeinden miteinander verglichen. Auch das Aufkommen einer Dienerschaft im fortgeschrittenen Lebensalter wird erwähnt. Anhand von Tabellen verschiedener europäischer Staaten im 18. und beginnenden 19. Jahrhundert und besonders am Fallbeispiel der französischen Stadt Rheims werden u.a. die ländlichen Ursprünge der städtischen Dienerschaft und die Mobilität von weiblichen Hausangestellten nachgewiesen. Der Arbeitsmarkt für männliche und weibliche Dienerschaft entwickelte sich stetig vom 18. bis ins 19. Jahrhundert hinein, wenn auch für Frauen mehr als für Männer. (prf)
Inhalt: 'The specific mobility and type of work of servants of both sexes were indeed a major feature in the delineation of building up European societies. Domestic service was the main way to elect for young rurals wanting to migrate towards small and big towns, since they could consider service as a transitory phase, giving them an opportunity to adapt themselves to a new way of life before marriage. From that point of view, domestic service contributed greatly to social change: a great number of young males and females turned their backs to traditional family and village life to the prospect of better ways of life in urban surroundings for a change, but were only able to find immediate employment as servants in these preindustrial eras. The prevalence of domestic service for young people is put in evidence, studying gender differences according to age groups. We might say that large towns counted more than 10 women out of 100 in a position of servants at a master's home at the end of the 17th century, and usually less than 10% of men in the same position. This rate increased steadily for all European towns as a consequence of massive rural exodus and of the opportunities offered on the overall female job markets, particularly on the domestic service market.' (author's abstract)
Centrality and peripherality upside down? Gender equality and the family in Western Europe
Titelübersetzung:Ein umgekehrtes Verhältnis von Zentrum und Peripherie? Geschlechtergleichheit und die Famile in Westeuropa
Autor/in:
Jallinoja, Riitta
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 20 (1995) 2, S 244-265
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Geschlechter(un)gleichheit und Prozesse der Familienbildung im Kontext der Cleavage-Theorie von Stein Rokkan hinsichtlich der entscheidenden Dichotomie Zentrum/Peripherie. Das Schema ist einfach: hoch modernisierte Gesellschaften gehören zum Zentrum, weniger moderne zur Peripherie. Die Gleichheit der Geschlechter und die Entstehung einer Vielzahl neuer Ehe- und Familienformen sind dabei Indikatoren der Modernisierung. Daraus kann der Schluß abgeleitet werden, je höher die Gleichheit der Geschlechter in einem Land ist und je mehr nicht-traditionelle Familienformen vorliegenden, desto zentraler ist die Position eines Landes. Rokkans Ansatz und diese Hypothese wird anhand empirischer Daten für einige westeuropäische Länder (Zentrum: Deutschland, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Schweiz, Österreich, Niederlande, Belgien, Luxemburg, Italien und Dänemark; Peripherie: Irland, Spanien, Portugal, Griechenland, Norwegen, Schweden und Finnland) geprüft. (pmb)
Inhalt: 'The study tries to apply Rokkan's centre/periphery dichotomy to the analysis of gender equality and the family, which, according to Rokkan, belong to the domain of culture. The final criterion for centrality and peripherality is provided by the level of modernization, gender equality being as such a sign of modernization, while the frequency of new family forms being the criterion for the degree of modernization in the case of the family. According to the indicators used in the study, we can conclude that politico-economic centrality and peripherality do not coincide with centrality and peripherality in the domains of gender equality and the family, the differences in this respect stemming rather from each country's cultural heritage. Amont the politico-economically peripheral countries, the four Nordic countries form the most modernized territory as to gender equality and the family, whereas the southern seaward periphery form the least modernized territory in this respect. Centrality in the domain of economics provides a more or less intermediate position as to the modernization of gender equality and the family.' (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Western Europe; Gesellschaft; Familie; society; equality of rights; sex ratio; Differenzierung; Mann; woman; Gleichberechtigung; family; differentiation; man; Geschlechterverteilung; Westeuropa
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie
Ehepaare, Eheverläufe und Lebenslauf in Leipzig 1580-1730: KLEIO-Anwendung in einem historischen Forschungsprojekt
Titelübersetzung:Married couples, courses of marriages and life careers in Leipzig from 1530 to 1730: KLEIO application in an historical research project
Autor/in:
Hoffmann, Barbara; Horn, Klaus
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 15 (1990) 3, S 171-198
Inhalt: Der Beitrag gehört in den größeren Forschungszusammenhang der Historisierung der Geschlechterbeziehungen. Im vorliegenden Projektbericht wird die Ehe als dominante Form institutionalisierter Geschlechterbeziehungen in der Frühen Neuzeit untersucht. Am Beispiel Leipziger Ehepaare werden die Veränderungen 'bürgerlicher' Eheverläufe und Ehevorstellungen verfolgt, um so einen Einblick in den Vorgang zu gewinnen, der in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts zu den allgemeinen Vorstellungen von 'bürgerlicher Ehe', der 'bürgerlichen Familie' und der 'bürgerlichen Frau' als 'Hausfrau und Mutter' führte. (pmb)