Key barriers for academic institutions seeking to retain female scientists and engineers : family-unfriendly policies, low numbers, stereotypes, and harassment
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; O'Neil Lane, Eliesh
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 2, S. 161-189
Inhalt: "At the end of a special meeting held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in January 2001, a statement released on behalf of the most prestigious U.S. research universities suggested that institutional barriers have prevented women from having a level playing field in science and engineering. In 2001, the National Science Foundation initiated a new awards program, ADVANCE, focusing on institutional rather than individual solutions to empower women to participate fully in science and technology. In this study, the authors evaluate survey responses from almost 400 Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education awardees from fiscal years 1997 to 2000 to elucidate problems and opportunities identified by female scientists and engineers. Besides other issues, the respondents identified balancing a career and a family as the most significant challenge facing female scientists and engineers today. Institutions must seek to remove or at least lower these and other harriers to attract and retain female scientists and engineers. Grouping the survey responses into four categories forms the basis for four corresponding policy areas, which could be addressed at the institutional level to mitigate the difficulties and challenges currently experienced by female scientists and engineers." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 285-303
Inhalt: "This article describes a study of the National Science Foundation's Program for Women and Girls (PWG) (now called the Program for Gender Equity in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology) conducted by the Urban Institute between 1998 and 2000. The study assessed the PWG's contributions to the field of science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education and gender equity. The study found that the PWG successfully effected both positive, short-term changes in human capital and long-term changes in knowledge capital and social capital resources to improve equity in SMET." (author's abstract)
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 381-394
Inhalt: "This essay considers the question, Has feminism changed science? After three decades of active research, what new insights, questions, and priorities have feminists-men or women-brought to the sciences? The author provides examples of change from three areas: women's health research, primatology, and archaeology. The essay concludes with a discussion of mainstreaming gender analysis into science." (author's abstract)
CEWS Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Naturwissenschaft und Technik
Dokumenttyp:Zeitschriftenaufsatz
A history of funding for women's programs at the national science foundation : from individual POWRE approaches to the advance of institutional approaches
Autor/in:
Rosser, Sue V.; O'Neil Lane, Eliesh
Quelle: Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering, Vol. 8 (2002) No. 3-4, S. 327-346
Inhalt: "The biennial reports on women, minorities, and persons with disabilities produced by the National Science Foundation (NSF) because of congressional mandate laid the statistical foundation for NSF initiatives to redress the underrepresentation of these groups. Programs established in the 1980s such as Research Opportunities for Women, Visiting Professorships for Women, Graduate Fellowships for Women, and Career Advancement Awards provided support to individual women for their research. In the 1990s, the NSF also began to focus on systemic initiatives, creating the Program for Women and Girls, although it continued to address the problem through support of individual researchers in the newly created Professional Opportunities for Women in Research and Education (POWRE) initiative. The responses from more than 400 awardees during the 4 years of POWRE provide insights into the current issues these women perceive surrounding their grants, funding, and interactions with NSF bureaucracy and staff members. The results of the POWRE survey support the institutional, systemic thrust of the NSF's new ADVANCE initiative to attempt to solve problems such as balancing career and family that cannot be addressed solely by supporting research projects of individual female scientists and engineers." (author's abstract)