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Social forces : an international journal of social research associated with the Southern Sociological Society (2)
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"The sociology of science has clearly established the presence of sex differences in scientific productivity and position. This article examines the processes leading to the lower productivity of female scientists at the completion of their doctoral training. Collaboration with the mentor is found to be the most important factor affecting productivity. For females, opportunities for collaboration are significantly decreased by having young children. As a consequence, the presence of young children has an adverse, indirect effect on the productivity of female scientists during graduate study. This effect does not exist for males. In addition to differences in the process of collaboration, many small differences that disadvantage women and advantage men are found in the levels of resources affecting productivity and in the mechanisms by which resources are translated into productivity. The concentration of small disadvantages provides a further explanation of sex differences in productivity at the start of the career. Since early advantages and disadvantages have been found to accumulate, this article provides an essential first step in understanding sex differences in scientific productivity and position that emerge during the career." (author's abstract)
Die Studie befaßt sich mit der beruflichen Situation von Akademikerinnen an den Hochschulen Israels. Insbesondere wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit die Größe der Minorität, der Frauen in den einzelnen Fachbereichen angehören, einen Einfluß auf die akademische Position hat. In die Untersuchung wurden die Fakultätsangehörigen dreier Universitäten einbezogen, welche 1982/83 eine akademische Position innehatten und in den Bereichen Naturwissenschaften und Humanwissenschaften tätig waren. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen eine negative Beziehung zwischen dem Anteil von Frauen an akademischen Positionen und ihrem Berufserfolg in Form von akademischen Rängen. (IAB)