Running as a woman (or man): a review of research on political communicators and gender stereotypes
Autor/in:
Winfrey, Kelly L.; Schnoebelen, James M.
Quelle: Review of Communication Research, 7 (2019) , S 109-138
Inhalt: Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections. Twelve years later it was the so-called "Year of the Woman" in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 133 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books using quantitative, qualitative, and rhetorical methods. Our analysis demonstrates that gender stereotypes are still prevalent in American political campaigns, and women candidates must work to overcome the belief that they are not masculine enough to be political leaders. Additionally this review reveals two common strategies candidates use to negotiate gender stereotypes: feminine style and gender adaptiveness. We conclude that more research is needed to better understand how candidates navigate gender stereotypes in the 21st century, particularly in political debates and online communication.
Schlagwörter:gender studies; Politik; suffrage; political communication; communication research; Präsidentschaftswahl; Kampagne; politische Kommunikation; Wahlrecht; Wahl; campaign; gender; Stereotyp; Kommunikationsforschung; election; Gender; Kandidatur; stereotype; woman; Geschlechterforschung; politics; presidential election; candidacy; femininer Stil
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
A defence of gender-based affirmative action grounded on a comparison of the United States and of the European Union models
Autor/in:
Crusmac, Oana
Quelle: Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 19 (2019) 1, S 35-56
Inhalt: This article presents a defence of gender-based affirmative action programmes against its critiques. It starts from an overview of the history and main criticisms addressing affirmative action programmes, and then proposes several arguments against these criticisms. Several rationales are to be found at the core of this article: first, women still face discrimination in regard to access to education and employment. This position relies on the statistical data referring to both the U.S. and the E.U. Second, gender-based affirmative action should be treated differently than race-based affirmative action since women's discrimination on the labour market stems mainly from traditional gender norms largely exerted within the family and exercised through state's family policies (e.g. childcare policies). Third, despite the fact that the article defends gender-based affirmative action against the main critiques, it also argues that this measure alone is an inefficient method to tackle gender inequality. The article concludes that gender-based affirmative action programmes are not effective methods to tackle gender inequality because they address only one part of the problem, namely gender inequality encountered in the public sphere (education and employment), while completely ignoring family and caring responsibilities.
Running as a woman (or man): a review of research on political communicators and gender stereotypes
Autor/in:
Winfrey, Kelly L.; Schnoebelen, James M.
Quelle: Review of Communication Research, 7 (2019) , S 109-138
Inhalt: Women gained the right to vote nearly 100 years ago, but it was not until 1980 that political scholars and practitioners began paying much attention to the role of women in elections. Twelve years later it was the so-called "Year of the Woman" in 1992 that sparked increased scholarly attention on women as political communicators. A record number of women, 117, ran for the U.S. Congress in 1992, but the number of women running and serving has been slow to increases since that time. One reason may be the unique challenges gender poses for female political communicators. Over three decades of research has proven gender stereotypes and expectations play a key role in how women (and men) communicate with voters. This review of research summarizes major findings and changes in gender and political communication research over the past three decades. Our focus is on communication by candidates and how gender shapes that communication. In all, 133 scholarly sources were reviewed; these sources included scholarly journals from related disciplines as well as books using quantitative, qualitative, and rhetorical methods. Our analysis demonstrates that gender stereotypes are still prevalent in American political campaigns, and women candidates must work to overcome the belief that they are not masculine enough to be political leaders. Additionally this review reveals two common strategies candidates use to negotiate gender stereotypes: feminine style and gender adaptiveness. We conclude that more research is needed to better understand how candidates navigate gender stereotypes in the 21st century, particularly in political debates and online communication.
Schlagwörter:gender studies; Politik; suffrage; political communication; communication research; Präsidentschaftswahl; Kampagne; politische Kommunikation; Wahlrecht; Wahl; campaign; gender; Stereotyp; Kommunikationsforschung; election; Gender; Kandidatur; stereotype; woman; Geschlechterforschung; politics; presidential election; candidacy; femininer Stil
SSOAR Kategorie:Kommunikationssoziologie, Sprachsoziologie, Soziolinguistik, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Intersektionalität und Gouvernementalität: die Regierung von Prostitution in Luxemburg
Autor/in:
Mauer, Heike
Quelle: Opladen (Politik und Geschlecht, 30), 2018. 418 S
Inhalt: Welche Machtlogiken wirken bei der Interpretation von Prostitution als Problem individueller moralischer Führung einerseits und als gesamtgesellschaftliches, politisches Problem andererseits? Die Autorin verbindet zwei Schlüsselkonzepte aktueller politischer und feministischer Theorie - Intersektionalität und Gouvernementalität - mit der historischen Analyse der Problematisierung von Prostitution und ihren Regierungsweisen Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts. Sie zeigt empirisch auf, dass verschiedene gesellschaftliche Gruppen jeweils spezifisch moralisch regiert wurden und plädiert für ein politisches und prozessorientiertes Verständnis von Intersektionalität, so dass differenzierte Mechanismen der Machtausübung erfassbar werden.
Gender and the EU's Support for Security Sector Reform in Fragile Contexts
Autor/in:
Ansorg, Nadine; Haastrup, Toni
Quelle: JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies, 56 (2018) 5, S 1127–1143
Inhalt: How does the European Union (EU) include 'gender' within its support to security sector reform (SSR) programmes? The EU has committed to include gender perspectives by implementing the Women, Peace and Security agenda (WPS) within its foreign security practices. While researchers and practitioners recognise the importance of integrating gender issues into SSR operational effectiveness, there is limited knowledge about how this functions within the EU's security architecture. This article uses Feminist Institutionalism (FI) to understand the process of gender mainstreaming within the EU's support to SSR programmes. It does this by using two crucial theory‐testing cases of SSR programmes - Ukraine and Afghanistan. It finds that the EU's ability to promote gender inclusive approaches to SSR is limited by the structure of the EU's own assumptions and capabilities, and institutional constraints in third countries. At the same time, the cases underscore the importance of individuals as agents of change.
Doing Space while Doing Gender - Vernetzungen von Raum und Geschlecht in Forschung und Politik
Herausgeber/in:
Gottschalk, Aenne; Kersten, Susanne; Krämer, Felix
Quelle: Bielefeld (Dynamiken von Raum und Geschlecht, 4), 2018. 321 S
Inhalt: This volume, which can also be used as a manual due to the linking of its contents, shows how dynamics of space and gender also affect contemporary political issues.
Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender: Neue Perspektiven auf Materialität, Medialität und Temporalität ; Abschlusssymposium des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1599 am 28. und 29. Juli 2016 an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Titelübersetzung:Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender: New Perspectives on Materiality, Mediality and Temporality ; Symposium of the DFG-Graduiertenkolleg 1599, Göttingen University, 28/29 July 2016
Autor/in:
Hettling, Gianna; Trostmann, Julian
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 9 (2017) 1, S 154-159
Inhalt: "Im Abschlusssymposium des DFG-Graduiertenkollegs 1599 'Dynamiken von Raum und Geschlecht' der Universitäten Kassel und Göttingen stellten Promovierende des Kollegs ihre Projekte vor. Die vielfache Verwobenheit der Kategorien Raum und Geschlecht wurde in vier dimensionsfokussierten Panels aufgezeigt. Alle Beiträge der Tagung sind unter dem Motto 'Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender' zu lokalisieren." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "PhD students presented their projects at a final symposium of the DFG Graduiertenkolleg 1599 'Dynamiken von Raum und Geschlecht' - a cooperation between the universities of Kassel and Göttingen. The multiple relationships between the categories of 'space' and 'gender' were presented in four panels and all the speeches focused on 'Interdisciplinary Matters: Doing Space while Doing Gender'." (author's abstract)