Herausgeber/in:
Filipič, Ursula; Schönauer, Annika; Arbeiterkammer Wien
Quelle: Arbeiterkammer Wien; Wien (Sozialpolitik in Diskussion, 23), 2021. 97 S
Inhalt: Der vorliegende Band von "Sozialpolitik in Diskussion" ist Teil einer Reihe von Publikationen, die auf einem "Call for Presentations" und darauf aufbauenden Veranstaltungen im Rahmen einer Kooperation der Arbeiterkammer Wien mit dem Forschungsnetzwerk universitäre und außeruniversitäre Sozialforschung (SOZNET) beruhen (vgl. Filipič/Schönauer 2018; 2020). Call und Veranstaltungen zielen darauf ab, v. a. jungen Wissenschafter*innen aus unterschiedlichen Institutionen und Disziplinen eine Möglichkeit zur Präsentation und Diskussion von Forschungsbefunden aus laufenden oder abgeschlossenen Forschungsprojekten, Dissertationen und Masterarbeiten zu geben. Darüber hinaus sollte damit Gelegenheit zur Vernetzung und zum Wissens- und Erfahrungstransfer zwischen den Beteiligten bzw. zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis geboten werden. Die im vergangenen Jahr notwendigen Präventionsmaßnahmen zur Pandemiebekämpfung stellten die Vorbereitungen für die Veranstaltung 2020 jedoch gehörig auf den Kopf. Konnte der "Call for Presentations" zum breit angelegten Thema "Zukunft der Arbeit - Arbeit der Zukunft" Ende 2019/Anfang 2020 noch wie gehabt durchgeführt werden, sah es mit der darauf aufbauenden Veranstaltung ganz anders aus: Die Pandemie hatte Österreich erreicht, die Veranstaltung musste zuerst verschoben und schlussendlich abgesagt werden. Rasch war aber klar, dass wir weder auf den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis noch auf die abschließende Publikation verzichten wollten. Die Entwicklungen machten darüber hinaus auch deutlich: Die eingereichten Texte zur Zukunft der Arbeit waren einerseits hochaktuell und verlangten andererseits nach einer Reflexion vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-Pandemie. Wir freuen uns sehr, dass insgesamt zwölf der für die ursprüngliche Veranstaltung ausgewählten Wissenschafter*innen unserer Einladung folgten, ihre Forschungsthemen in einen Band mit dem neuen Titel "Ein Jahr Corona: Ausblick Zukunft der Arbeit" einzubringen. Um in möglichst direkten Kontakt miteinander zu treten, entwarfen wir einen Peer-Review-Prozess. In neun einstündigen Online-Meetings wurden die Einreichungen von jeweils anderen Autor*innen des Sammelbandes sowie externen Expert*innen aus der Wissenschaft und der Arbeiterkammer Wien begutachtet und gemeinsam diskutiert. Die vorliegenden Texte sind das Ergebnis dieses intensiven Prozesses.
Schlagwörter:labor market trend; Epidemie; epidemic; Gesundheitspolitik; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; digitalization; reproduction; social inequality; crisis management (econ., pol.); deprivation; health policy; Strukturwandel; structural change; world of work; multiple stress; social policy; soziale Folgen; Benachteiligung; Arbeitswelt; Mehrfachbelastung; Digitalisierung; Beschäftigungsform; type of employment; Krisenmanagement; Arbeitsmarktentwicklung; Reproduktion; gender-specific factors; Flexibilität; soziale Ungleichheit; Sozialpolitik; social effects; flexibility; Corona; Bewältigung
SSOAR Kategorie:Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen, Arbeitswelt, Sozialpolitik
The virus changed everything, didn't it? Couples' division of housework and childcare before and during the Corona crisis
Titelübersetzung:Das Virus hat alles verändert, oder? Die Aufteilung von Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung in Paarbeziehungen vor und während der Corona-Krise
Autor/in:
Hank, Karsten; Steinbach, Anja
Quelle: JFR - Journal of Family Research, 33 (2021) 1, S 99-113
Inhalt: Objective: To contribute to the discussion about the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender (in)equality. Background: We focus on a core aspect of gender (in)equality in intimate relationships, namely couples’ division of housework and childcare, and whether this has changed during the Corona crisis. Method: Our descriptive analysis is based on pre-release data from the German Family Panel (pairfam; Wave 12) and its supplementary Corona web-survey (n=3,108). Results: We observe no fundamental changes in established aggregate-level patterns of couples’ division of labor, but some shift towards the extremes ('traditional' and 'role reversal') of the distribution. Regarding changes within couples, there is an almost equal split between those in which the female partner’s share in housework and childcare increased and those in which it decreased. Particularly in previously more egalitarian arrangements, a substantial proportion of women is now more likely to be primarily responsible for everything. If male partners increased their relative contribution to housework and childcare, they rarely moved beyond the threshold of an equal split. Changes in employment hours were associated with adaptations of men's, but not women's, relative contribution to domestic and family responsibilities. Conclusion: Our findings neither support the notion of a 'patriarchal pandemic', nor do they indicate that the Corona crisis might have fostered macro-level trends of gender convergence. We rather observe heterogeneous responses of couples to the 'Corona shock'.
Schlagwörter:Partnerschaft; partnership; Ehepaar; married couple; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; Hausarbeit; housework; Kinderbetreuung; child care; gender-specific factors; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Federal Republic of Germany; Covid-19 pandemic; Corona; German Family Panel (pairfam; Wave 12) and its supplementary COVID-19 web-survey
SSOAR Kategorie:Familiensoziologie, Sexualsoziologie, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Inhalt: Feminist street art aims to transform patriarchal spaces into places of gendered resistance by asserting a feminist presence in the city. Considering this, as well as women’s social life, their struggle against lingering forces of patriarchy, and relating features of inequality (domestic violence), there was a feminist installation artwork by the young Kurdish artist Tara Abdulla that shook the city of Sulaimani in Iraqi Kurdistan on 26 October 2020. She had prepared a 4,800‐meter‐long washing line covered with the clothes of 99,678 Kurdish women who were survivors of sexual and gender‐based violence. They installed it along the busiest street of the city (Salim Street). She used this piece of feminine to express her reaction to the Kurdish society regarding, the abuse that goes on silently, behind closed doors. She also aimed towards normalizing women’s bodies. After the installation, she received many controversial reactions. As her artwork was a pioneering project in line with feminist issues in Kurdistan which preoccupied the city for quite a while, the aim of this article is to investigate the diverse effects of her work on the current dialogue regarding gender inequality in the Kurdish society. To do this, we used the research method of content analysis on big data (Facebook comments) to investigate the public reactions of a larger number of locals. The Feminine effectively exposed some of the deep‐rooted cultural, religious, and social barriers in addressing gender inequalities and silent sexual violence issues in the modern Kurdish patriarchal society.
Schlagwörter:öffentlicher Raum; public space; Kunstwerk; work of art; Feminismus; feminism; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender-specific factors; woman; Kurdistan; Kurdistan; Facebook reactions; Sulaimani; feminist street art; gender inequalities dialogue
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Kultursoziologie, Kunstsoziologie, Literatursoziologie
Care trans_formieren: Eine ethnographische Studie zu trans und nicht-binärer Sorgearbeit
Autor/in:
Seeck, Francis
Quelle: Bielefeld (Queer Studies, 31), 2021. 252 S
Inhalt: Wie wird Care jenseits heteronormativer Zweigeschlechtlichkeit entworfen? Wie werden Fürsorge und Selbstsorge in nicht-binären und trans Räumen organisiert und gelebt - abseits medizinischer und familiärer Versorgungskontexte? Dazu gibt es bislang kaum Forschung. Francis Seeck wendet sich dieser Leerstelle zu und interviewte und begleitete Personen, die Sorgearbeit für andere trans und nicht-binäre Personen leisten. Die ethnographische Studie vertieft das Verständnis des komplexen Verhältnisses von Gender und Care. Zudem macht sie auf die Bedeutung der Kategorie Klasse in Sorgebeziehungen aufmerksam. Sie zeigt, wie Klassenunterschiede und Klassismus den Zugang zu Für_Sorge erschweren, dass in den Zonen der Prekarität aber auch neue Formen der Fürsorge entstehen. Die hier entwickelte Forschungsstrategie der Sorgenden Ethnographie ermöglicht, Care-Praktiken als zentralen Bestandteil ethnographischer Forschung produktiv zu machen.
Post-apartheid South Africa’s exacerbated inequality and the Covid-19 pandemic: intersectionality and the politics of power
Autor/in:
Joseph, Juliet Eileen
Quelle: EUREKA: Social and Humanities, (2021) 6, S 68-78
Inhalt: Over the past fifteen years there has been an increase in the number of protest movements globally. In recent years and amid the global pandemic there have been hundreds of protests and demonstrations in South Africa. Consequently, in comparison to other parts of the globe, such protest action in South Africa is high. As a result, stable governance in the region has been impacted. Notably, during the resistance years in defiance of the apartheid regime, citizens in South Africa expressed their social discontent against exclusion and marginalisation through identities as radical and intersectional - this was also articulated in the recent protests that occurred in KwaZulu-Natal and parts of Johannesburg in July 2021. This highlights the relevance of intersectionality within this region. Intersectionality can be seen to refer to the inequalities that exist beyond femininities and masculinities. Intersectional theory explores aspects of discrimination, oppression, exploitation and inequality across identity, gender, race, ethnicity and class. This study uses a qualitative research approach to conceptually analyse intersectional theory. Thereafter the study discusses the relevance of intersectional theory in a post-apartheid context by illustrating intersectionality through the unrest and protests that occurred, following the jailing of former president Jacob Zuma. The findings of the study suggest the need to unpack the legacies of African elitism and social relations, while implementing intersectional reform that promotes greater inclusivity of citizens in the state.
Schlagwörter:Republik Südafrika; Republic of South Africa; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Protest; protest; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; Exklusion; exclusion; Diskriminierung; discrimination; Kapitalismus; capitalism; nationalism, Covid-19 protests
SSOAR Kategorie:politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur
Affective Politics of Care during COVID-19: Feminist Views of Political Discourses and Intersectional Inequalities in Mali
Titelübersetzung:Affektive Politiken der Sorge während COVID-19: Feministische Blickwinkel auf Politische Diskurse und intersektionale Ungleichheiten in Mali
Autor/in:
Hasenöhrl, Syntia
Quelle: Historical Social Research, 46 (2021) 4, S 100-122
Inhalt: Contrary to many African states’ restrictive COVID-19 measures in the first half of 2020, which had severe socio-economic and political effects, the Malian government appeared more moderate in its fight against the pandemic and even introduced social measures to alleviate the effects of COVID-19 (measures). However, increasing anti-government protests still culminated in a military coup in August 2020. In order to shed light on government commu-
nication during that time as one factor in this paradox, this article focuses on the politics of care constructed by the Malian political elite between March and August 2020. The article uses an affective-discursive approach to analyse government communications and contrasts them with a feminist view of associations, NGOs, and activists. It shows that postcolonial, capitalist, and gendered path dependencies have decreased opportunities for care from the
Malian state and increased the intersectional vulnerabilities of Malians to COVID-19 measures. In addition, the article demonstrates how the affective politics of domestic and international care that were maintained through the presidential discourse used securitisation and solidarity to construct subject positions that, however, incorporate rather than challenge the aforementioned inequalities.
Schlagwörter:Mali; Mali; Pflege; caregiving; Fürsorge; welfare care; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Intersektionalität; intersectionality; Gesundheitspolitik; health policy; Sozialpolitik; social policy; Westafrika; West Africa; affect; care; political discourse; affective politics; COVID-19; power relations; pandemic
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Gesundheitspolitik
Krisengewinner Patriarchat? Wie die COVID-Arbeitsmarktkrise Frauen trifft
Autor/in:
Foissner, Franziska; Glassner, Vera; Theurl, Simon
Quelle: Ein Jahr Corona: Ausblick Zukunft der Arbeit. Wien (Sozialpolitik in Diskussion), 2021, S 56-68
Inhalt: Strategien zur Bewältigung der COVID-19-Pandemie haben Beschäftigte, darunter insbesondere Frauen und prekär Beschäftigte, in höchst ungleichem Ausmaß getroffen. Dieser Beitrag konstatiert eine Zuspitzung prekärer Arbeits- und Lebensverhältnisse infolge der Corona-Krise. Die Rezeption der Forschungsliteratur zu dem Thema dient der Kontextualisierung empirischer Befunde, die mittels Online-Umfrage der Arbeiterkammer Wien im Sommer 2020 erhoben wurden. Die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse sind: Von der Polarisierung der Erwerbsbevölkerung waren Frauen besonders betroffen. Die Doppel- und Mehrfachbelastungen prekärer Frauenarbeit hat sich verstärkt. Einer Retraditionalisierung von Geschlechterverhältnissen muss mit gezielten politischen Maßnahmen entgegengewirkt werden.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitswelt; world of work; Epidemie; epidemic; Folgen; consequences; Arbeitsbedingungen; working conditions; prekäre Beschäftigung; precarious employment; woman; Mehrfachbelastung; multiple stress; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Arbeitsteilung; division of labor; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Österreich; Austria; Corona; Krise; Bewältigung; COVID-19; Krisengewinner
SSOAR Kategorie:Arbeitswelt, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Left Behind? The Status of Women in Contemporary China
Autor/in:
Walker, Robert; Millar, Jane
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 2, S 1-9
Inhalt: The status of women in China has deteriorated markedly since 2006 relative to other countries, according to the World Economic Forum Gender Gap Index. Taking a longer view, the position of women has greatly improved since the founding of the People’s Republic of China but, after the ‘opening up’ of the economy, the logic of the market and the legacy of patriarchy have worked to the detriment of women. After briefly reviewing trends in China’s economic, demographic and social development, this editorial follows the structure of the thematic issue in focusing on the processes which may have caused women to slip behind. Socio-economic and political factors are considered first before focusing on the impact of unprecedently large scale migration. The circumstances and experiences of women ‘left outside’ mainstream society are explored next before reflecting on the lives of women left behind in poverty.
Schlagwörter:China; China; woman; sozialer Status; social status; sozioökonomische Entwicklung; socioeconomic development; gender-specific factors; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Patriarchat; patriarchy; politische Faktoren; political factors; Migration; migration; Erwerbstätigkeit; gainful employment; China; economic development; employment; family; gender; marketisation; migration; patriarchy; poverty; women
Women in China Moving Forward: Progress, Challenges and Reflections
Autor/in:
Yang, Juhua
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 8 (2020) 2, S 23-35
Inhalt: While China's socialist revolution has been credited with improving the status of women, gender inequality remains. Drawing on macro data, this article provides an overview of gender equality in China, focusing on labor force and political participation in the past 70 years, particularly since 1978, the onset of socioeconomic reform. Specifically, the article describes, compares, and examines the progress and challenges that women face in accessing economic opportunities and political resources. We find a more equal relationship between male and female when resources are relatively adequate, but that females are disadvantaged when resources are scarce, for example, including representation in more prestigious occupations, higher income, and political positions. These findings illustrate how inequality is maintained and reproduced, and suggest that despite China’s progressive socialist agenda, its gender revolution remains 'stalled.'
Schlagwörter:China; China; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender-specific factors; woman; Erwerbsbeteiligung; labor force participation; politische Partizipation; political participation; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; historische Entwicklung; historical development; Geschlechterverhältnis; gender relations; Benachteiligung; deprivation; Ostasien; Far East