Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 1-3
Inhalt: This editorial delivers an introduction to the Media and Communication thematic issue on "Communicating on/with Minorities" around the world. This thematic issue presents a multidisciplinary look at the field of communicating on and with different members of minority groups who, based on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or a background in migration, experience relative disadvantage and marginalization compared to the dominant social group. The contributors to this thematic issue present a variety of professional contexts (i.e., portrayals in journalistic content, in fiction and non-fiction audiovisual content, on social media platforms and in health care). Taken together, the contributions examine various theoretical angles, thereby adopting new research directions through the use of quantitative, qualitative or mixed methodologies.
SSOAR Kategorie:interpersonelle Kommunikation, soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
Gleicher Titel, ungleiche Entlohnung: Geschlechtsbezogene Lohnunterschiede unter Promovierten in Deutschland
Titelübersetzung:Analyses of the gender pay gap among PhD holders in Germany
Autor/in:
Goldan, Lea
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 11 (2019) 2, S 103-120
Inhalt: Die bisherige Promoviertenforschung deutet darauf hin, dass Frauen monetär weniger vom Erwerb eines Doktortitels profitieren als Männer. Daher werden im vorliegenden Beitrag erstmals das Ausmaß und die Ursachen geschlechtsbezogener Lohnunterschiede unter Promovierten in Deutschland untersucht. Es wird erwartet, dass sich promovierte Frauen und Männer hinsichtlich ihrer Studienfachwahl und Beschäftigungsmerkmale unterscheiden. Auf der Grundlage des DZHW-Absolventenpanels 2001 werden die Brutto-Stundenlöhne zehn Jahre nach Studienabschluss mittels OLS-Regression und Oaxaca-Blinder-Dekomposition untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Stundenlöhne von promovierten Frauen um 16,3 Prozent geringer sind als diejenigen von promovierten Männern. Diese Lohnunterschiede sind zu zwei Dritteln darauf zurückzuführen, dass promovierte Frauen häufiger Fächer mit einem hohen Frauenanteil studiert haben, nach ihrem Studium weniger Berufserfahrung sammeln und seltener Leitungspositionen innehaben als promovierte Männer.
Schlagwörter:Akademikerin; academic (female); Akademiker; academic; Lohnunterschied; wage difference; gender-specific factors; beruflicher Aufstieg; career advancement; Erwerbsverlauf; employment history; Karriere; career; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Federal Republic of Germany; Promovierte; PhD holders; Gender Pay Gap
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Berufsforschung, Berufssoziologie
Verfestigung von männlicher Herrschaft im Finanzmarktkapitalismus? Eine Fallstudie zur Bedeutung der Vermarktlichung von Arbeit für Geschlechterungleichheiten im Bankensektor
Titelübersetzung:Consolidation of masculine domination in finance capitalism? A case study on the significance of the marketization of labor for gender inequality in the banking sector
Autor/in:
Lill, Max
Quelle: AIS-Studien, 10 (2019) 1, S 5-22
Inhalt: Der Beitrag diskutiert auf Grundlage einer Fallstudie in der Landesbank Berlin (LBB) innerbetriebliche Schließungsprozesse entlang der Geschlechterachse sozialer Ungleichheit. Er fragt zudem nach Ansatzpunkten für eine geschlechtergerechte Arbeitspolitik im Bankensektor unter Bedingungen deregulierter Finanzmärkte, subjektivierter Arbeit und einer latenten Krise sozialer Reproduktion. Der Unternehmensfall wird dazu in doppelter Weise kontextualisiert: Einerseits durch eine kurze Darstellung geschlechtersoziologisch relevanter Entwicklungstendenzen der Branche, andererseits durch die Einbeziehung lebensweltlicher Reproduktionsbedingungen der Beschäftigten. Es wird die These entwickelt, dass sich eine geschlechterpolitisch widersprüchliche Konstellation abzeichnet: Kapitalmarktorientierte Restrukturierungen und vermarktlichte Formen der Leistungssteuerung begünstigen innerbetrieblich eine Persistenz männlicher Vorherrschaft. Soziale Reproduktionsbedürfnisse werden unter diesen Bedingungen im Führungshandeln oftmals ausgeblendet. Zugleich artikuliert sich innerbetriebliche Kritik an diesen Entwicklungen. Insbesondere bei jüngeren Fach- und Führungskräften finden sich Indizien für geschlechterübergreifende Interessenkoalitionen, die aus geteilten subjektiven Ansprüchen erwachsen: Die eigene Arbeit soll als sinnvoll erfahrbar sein und sie soll Raum lassen für eine individuelle Gestaltung des Gesamtlebenszusammenhangs innerhalb von möglichst egalitären Geschlechterarrangements.
Inhalt: This paper proposes to tackle the problem of digital inequality by introducing digital technologies of knowledge generation and decision-making to a feminist critique of rationality that is informed by discourse theory and intersectional perspectives on gender and gendered relations of inequality. Therefore, it takes a closer look at the epistemological foundations of Big Data as one prominent representation of digital technologies. While Big Data and Big Data-based results and decisions are generally believed to be objective and neutral, numeral cases of algorithmic discrimination have lately begged to differ. This paper argues that algorithmic discrimination is neither random nor accidental; on the contrary, it is - amongst others - the result of the epistemological foundation of Big Data - namely: data fundamentalism, post-explanatory anticipatory pragmatics, and anti-political solutionism. As a consequence, a critical engagement with the concepts and premises that become materialized in the design of digital technologies is needed, if they are not to silently (re)produce social inequalities.
Schlagwörter:discourse theory; intersectionality; Erkenntnistheorie; Intersektionalität; Digitale Spaltung; Digitalisierung; Algorithmus; algorithm; digitalization; epistemology; Foucault, M.; Technikfolgenabschätzung; Foucault, M.; social inequality; digital divide; gender-specific factors; technology assessment; soziale Ungleichheit; Diskurstheorie; Big Data; Algorithmic Discrimination; Feminist Critique of Rationality; Epistemology; Intersectionality; Weizenbaum-Institut; Weizenbaum Institute
Quelle: Media and Communication, 7 (2019) 1, S 1-3
Inhalt: This editorial delivers an introduction to the Media and Communication thematic issue on "Communicating on/with Minorities" around the world. This thematic issue presents a multidisciplinary look at the field of communicating on and with different members of minority groups who, based on gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or a background in migration, experience relative disadvantage and marginalization compared to the dominant social group. The contributors to this thematic issue present a variety of professional contexts (i.e., portrayals in journalistic content, in fiction and non-fiction audiovisual content, on social media platforms and in health care). Taken together, the contributions examine various theoretical angles, thereby adopting new research directions through the use of quantitative, qualitative or mixed methodologies.
SSOAR Kategorie:interpersonelle Kommunikation, soziale Probleme, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Allgemeine Soziologie, Makrosoziologie, spezielle Theorien und Schulen, Entwicklung und Geschichte der Soziologie
The relationship between educational pathways and occupational outcomes at the intersection of gender and social origin
Autor/in:
Zimmermann, Barbara; Seiler, Simon
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 7 (2019) 3, S 79-94
Inhalt: In this article, we are interested in the differences in the educational pathways and subsequent labour market outcomes by social origin and gender. We apply sequence analyses to model the educational trajectories and conduct regression analyses to determine how the individual's own social status and the salary at labour market entry differs. First, our results show that educational pathways vary by parental status and gender when controlling for reading and mathematics/science skills. Men and pupils with a lower socioeconomic background are overrepresented in vocational education, whereas women and pupils with a more privileged socioeconomic background more often pursue general and academic tracks. Second, these different trajectories lead to unequal occupational status and income. Besides these indirect effects, significant direct effects of parental status and gender on the individual's own occupational status and salary can be found. Together, these findings provide a broad overview of the emergence of inequalities by gender and social origin over the early life course, ranging from differences in skills learned in school to labour market outcomes.
Schlagwörter:Bildung; Arbeitsmarkt; social background; gender; Bildungsverlauf; education; soziale Herkunft; wage difference; Lohnunterschied; course of education; social inequality; soziale Ungleichheit; labor market
SSOAR Kategorie:Bildungs- und Erziehungssoziologie
What Helps and What Hinders? Exploring the Role of Workplace Characteristics for Parental Leave Use and Its Career Consequences
Autor/in:
Samtleben, Claire; Bringmann, Julia; Bünning, Mareike; Hipp, Lena
Quelle: Social Sciences, 8 (2019) 10, S 1-30
Inhalt: The division of parental leave among couples today is still unequal - even in countries with progressive leave schemes. Given the gendered nature of the workplace, we examine how organizational characteristics relate to fathers' uptake and length of parental leave as well as to the perceived career consequences of leave uptake among those fathers who took leave. In our mixed methods study, we draw on unique quantitative and qualitative data on different-sex couples with young children in Germany (2015). We find that the fear of professional repercussions and the lack of a replacement at work inhibit fathers both from taking leave in general and, for those who take leave, from taking it for more than two months. Interestingly, however, the majority of fathers who took leave did not think that their leave negatively affected their professional advancement. This positive evaluation was independent of the length of leave. We compared fathers' perceived leave consequences to those of mothers, who tended to have a more negative view of the impact of taking leave on their careers. Both fathers and mothers were more likely to report negative career consequences if they worked in organizations that promoted a strong ideal worker norm, that is, where employees thought that they were expected to prioritize paid work over their private life.
Schlagwörter:Arbeitsplatz; job; gender-specific factors; Elternurlaub; parental leave; Inanspruchnahme; recourse; Auswirkung; impact; beruflicher Aufstieg; career advancement; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; Organisationskultur; organizational culture; Familie-Beruf; work-family balance; Federal Republic of Germany; gender equality; ideal worker norm; mixed methods; workplace culture
Using cultural and structural indicators to explain measurement noninvariance in gender role attitudes with multilevel structural equation modeling
Autor/in:
Seddig, Daniel; Lomazzi, Vera
Quelle: Social Science Research, (2019) 84
Inhalt: The current study explores the reasons for noninvariance of the measurements of gender role attitudes across countries. While previous studies have shown that noninvariance is a problem for comparative research and pointed out methods to alleviate the risks of drawing invalid conclusions, none has so far tried to explain why measurements of gender role attitudes are nonequivalent. Therefore, we use multilevel structural equation modeling to exploring measurement invariance and explain its absence. We use data assessing peoples' views on the specialization of roles by gender and the consequences of female employment on family's well-being from the International Social Survey Programme. We can replicate the findings from prior research indicating that scalar measurement invariance across countries is absent. Furthermore, we use two country-level variables to explain the noninvariance of particular items. The cultural value embeddedness explains noninvariance to a considerable degree while the Gender Inequality Index from the United Nations Development Programme does not. Therefore, we conclude that issues of comparability of gender role attitudes are related mainly to cultural rather than structural differences between countries.
Schlagwörter:Geschlechtsrolle; gender role; Einstellung; attitude; Messung; measurement; vergleichende Forschung; comparative research; Umfrageforschung; survey research; Datengewinnung; data capture; Datenqualität; data quality; Wertorientierung; value-orientation; kulturelle Faktoren; cultural factors; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; gender-specific factors; measurement noninvariance; multilevel structural equation modeling; cultural values; gender inequality; ISSP
SSOAR Kategorie:Erhebungstechniken und Analysetechniken der Sozialwissenschaften, Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung
Titelübersetzung:Gender, Generation, and Intersectionality
Autor/in:
Windheuser, Jeannette
Quelle: Diskurs Kindheits- und Jugendforschung / Discourse. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Research, 14 (2019) 2, S 141-154
Inhalt: Der Beitrag untersucht ein der Intersektionalitätsforschung vorgelagertes Problem. Aus differenzfeministischer und erziehungswissenschaftlicher Theorieperspektive wird nach der phänomenspezifischen Form von Geschlecht und Generation gefragt. Auf dieser Grundlage werden zwei zentrale Prämissen der Intersektionalitätsforschung hinsichtlich einer darin wirksamen symbolischen Ordnung untersucht, die durch ihr Verhältnis zur Natur herausfordert.
Schlagwörter:Intersektionalität; intersectionality; gender-specific factors; Generation; generation; gender; soziale Ungleichheit; social inequality; geschlechtliche und generationale Differenz; Natur; Angewiesenheit; difference of gender and generation; nature; dependency
