The Fourth Wave of Feminism and the Lack of Social Realism in Cyberspace
Autor/in:
Shiva, Negar; Nosrat Kharazmi, Zohreh
Quelle: Journal of Cyberspace Studies, 3 (2019) 2, S 129-146
Inhalt: Recent years have witnessed a surge in research on the impact of the cyberspace on social movements. The feminist movement has built a vocal platform online which attempts to underscore sexual violence against women. Scholars have begun to suspect that the internet has ushered in a new wave, the fourth wave of feminism. The fourth wave’s main feature is its reliance on social media. The accessibility, reach of a widespread audience, low costs and user-friendly environment have encouraged women to use social media to speak out against various forms of sexual violence directed against women. It is also assumed that going forward; the movement will also tackle issues such as the gender pay gap, neoliberal policies, maternity leave, and cultural sexism. Moreover, the internet-based movement is striving to bring to the fore the topic of intersectionality, that is, the intersection of oppressive institutions, and the attempt to rectify the failings of past waves by representing those oppressed by multiple institutions such as sexism, classism, and racism. This commentary provides an overview of the emerging academic literature on the fourth wave of feminism and critically reflects the lack of social realism in its existing form of knowledge production.
Schlagwörter:Feminismus; feminism; Internet; Internet; Soziale Medien; social media; soziale Bewegung; social movement; Realismus; realism; Wissensproduktion; knowledge production; gender-specific factors; fourth wave of feminism; realism; Cyberspace
Gender Equality and Beyond: At the Crossroads of Neoliberalism, Anti-Gender Movements, "European" Values, and Normative Reiterations in the Nordic Model
Autor/in:
Nygren, Katarina Giritli; Mulinari, Diana; Martinsson, Lena
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 1-7
Inhalt: The social-democratic-inspired “Nordic model”, with its agenda for gender equality, has been an important example for the development of political interventions to transform society but at the same time, it has been functioning as an emerging gender normalising and stabilising structure. The last decade it has also become focused by antigender movements and ethno-nationalistic parties both as emblematic for the Nordic nations as well as a threat that must be destroyed to save the nation. This issue will elaborate further on gender equality as a node, a floating signifier in powerful and often contradictory discourses situating the discussions within the tradition of scholarships of hope through a dialogue about articles that search for realistic utopias that might be considered to be “beyond gender equality”. The included articles engage with the messiness and crossroads of gender equality in relation to the work-line, territories, neo-liberalism, religion, the crisis of solidarity and the success of anti-genderism agenda.
Basic Income: The Potential for Gendered Empowerment?
Autor/in:
Duvander, Ann-Zofie; Koslowski, Alison
Quelle: Social Inclusion, 6 (2018) 4, S 8-15
Inhalt: Basic income is likely to gain momentum as the next social welfare trend to sweep over the world with ideas of how to improve the fairness and efficiency of distributing money. Other earlier movements with similar ambitions to transform societies, ranging across the political spectrum from socialism to neo-liberalism, have led to very different consequences for strata of citizens, but have in common that they have de-prioritised gender equality in favour of other interests. Advocates of basic income suggest that in addition to pragmatic gains, such as a more efficient state administration, primarily a basic income will empower citizens, leading to the potential for greater human flourishing. Our question is whether this empowerment will be gendered and if so, how? So far, the basic income debate addresses gender only in so far as it would raise the income of the poorest, of whom a larger proportion are women. However, it is less clear how it might contribute to a transformation of gendered behaviour, making possible divergent shapes of life where binary and set notions of gender are not a restriction. We discuss the idea of basic income from a perspective of gender equality in the Swedish context.
Feministische Herausforderungen an das Flüchtlingsrecht: von der zweiten zur dritten Welle
Titelübersetzung:Feminist challenges for refugee law: from the second to the third wave
Autor/in:
Wessels, Janna
Quelle: GENDER - Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 10 (2018) 2, S 18-31
Inhalt: Der Beitrag wirft einen feministischen Blick auf das Flüchtlingsrecht. Der zunächst für den klassischen politischen - und männlichen - Dissidenten entworfene Flüchtlingsbegriff hat in den vergangenen Jahren eine tiefgreifende Transformation erfahren, die sich gut mit der zentralen These der zweiten Welle des Feminismus greifen lässt: Das Private ist politisch. Die Aufweichung zwischen öffentlichem und privatem Bereich führte zu einem grundlegenden Wandel, der es ermöglichte, dass bestimmte geschlechtsspezifische Verfolgungssituationen ebenfalls von der Definition erfasst werden können. Nach diesem großen Erfolg hat das feministische Engagement mit dem Flüchtlingsrecht aber stark nachgelassen. Der Beitrag arbeitet fortbestehende Herausforderungen heraus und zeigt auf, dass auch die dritte Welle des Feminismus wichtige Lehren zur Weiterentwicklung des Flüchtlingsrechts bereithält.
Inhalt: The article takes a feminist look at refugee law. The refugee concept, which was originally designed for classic political - and male - dissidents, has undergone a profound transformation in recent years. These changes are neatly reflected in the central claim of second-wave feminism: the personal is political. The closing of the public/private di- vide has led to a fundamental change, such that the definition of "refugee" is now understood to cover gender-related persecution. Following this great success, however, feminist engagement with refugee law diminished considerably. The article elaborates on remaining challenges and shows that thirdwave feminism also has some important lessons for the further development of refugee law.
Titelübersetzung:Ta(l)king Care: Subsidiarity and Discourse
Autor/in:
Stiegler, Michael; Schönwälder-Kunze, Tatjana
Quelle: Femina Politica - Zeitschrift für feministische Politikwissenschaft, 26 (2017) 2, S 19-33
Inhalt: "Der Beitrag skizziert die Breite, aber auch die Funktionalität der Verwendung von 'Care' im deutschsprachigen Raum, um diese diskurskritisch zu analysieren. Wir stellen die Frage, wie subsidiär der 'Care'-Diskurs selbst ist, um darauf aufmerksam zu machen, dass zum einen eines der impliziten, hegemonialen Denkmuster des Care-Diskurses u.a. darin besteht, 'Care' trotz seiner vielfältigen Erscheinungsformen auf (tauschökonomische) Reziprozität zu reduzieren. Zum anderen werden analoge Verschiebungen in Bezug auf das Prädikat 'sozialinvestiv' und die Funktion von 'Care' im sozialphilosophischen Zusammenhang gezeigt, wo 'Care' eine komplementäre, aber untergeordnete Funktion in Gerechtigkeitskonzeptionen zugeschrieben wird. Abschließend plädieren wir dafür, 'Care' begrifflich so zu erweitern, dass seine Bedeutung über das tauschökonomische Paradigma hinausweisen kann." (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: "The paper outlines the breadth and also the functionality of the use of 'care' in the German-speaking world to analyze this discourse critically. We raise the question of how subsidiary the 'care' discourse itself is and draw attention to, on the one hand, the implicit, hegemonic patterns of care discourses to reduce 'care', despite its various appearances, to exchange-economic reciprocity. On the other hand, we reveal similar shifts of the predicate 'social investment' and the function of 'care' in the social-philosophical context, where 'care' is attributed a complementary, but subordinate, function in justice concepts. In conclusion, we advocate that 'care' be conceptually extended so that its meaning can go beyond the exchange-economic paradigm." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Pflege; caregiving; Fürsorge; welfare care; Arbeitsschutz; occupational safety; Medizinethik; medical ethics; Diskurs; discourse; deutscher Sprachraum; German-speaking area; Sozialpolitik; social policy; Sozialarbeit; social work; Gerechtigkeit; justice; Moderne; modernity; gender-specific factors; Feminismus; feminism; Care
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, Philosophie, Theologie, Industrie- und Betriebssoziologie, Arbeitssoziologie, industrielle Beziehungen
Islamism, Secularism and the Woman Question in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring: Evidence from the Arab Barometer
Autor/in:
Fox, Ashley M.; Abdelkarim Alzwawi, Sana; Refki, Dina
Quelle: Politics and Governance, 4 (2016) 4, S 40-57
Inhalt: "The uprisings that led to regime change during the early period of the Arab Spring were initially inclusive and pluralistic in nature, with men and women from every political and religious orientation engaging actively in political activities on the street and in virtual spaces. While there was an opening of political space for women and the inclusion of demands of marginalized groups in the activists' agenda, the struggle to reimagine national identities that balance Islamic roots and secular yearnings is still ongoing in many countries in the region. This paper seeks to deepen understanding of the extent to which the pluralistic sentiments and openness to accepting the rights women have persisted following the uprising. We aim to examine changes in attitudes towards women's equality in countries that underwent regime change through popular uprisings during revolutionary upheavals of the Arab Spring and in countries where regimes have remained unchanged. Using available data from consecutive rounds of the Arab Barometer survey, we examine changes in attitudes in nine countries with two rounds of Arab Barometer during and post Arab Spring (Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia, Algeria, Lebanon, Sudan, Jordan, Iraq, Palestine). We find that support for 'Muslim feminism' (an interpretation of gender equality grounded in Islam) has increased over the period and particularly in Arab Spring countries, while support for 'secular feminism' has declined. In most countries examined, relatively high degrees of support for gender equality co-exist with a preference for Islamic interpretations of personal status codes pertaining to women. We discuss the implications of these findings for academics and activists concerned with women's rights in the Middle East North Africa (MENA)." (author's abstract)
Schlagwörter:Nordafrika; North Africa; arabische Länder; Arab countries; Nahost; Middle East; politischer Wandel; political change; politische Partizipation; political participation; Islamismus; islamism; Säkularisierung; secularization; woman; Menschenrechte; human rights; Feminismus; feminism; Muslim; Muslim; Gleichstellung; affirmative action; Einstellung; attitude; gender-specific factors; Einstellungsänderung; attitude change; Islam; Islam; Religiosität; religiousness; Arab democratic exceptionalism; Arab Spring
SSOAR Kategorie:Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung, politische Willensbildung, politische Soziologie, politische Kultur, Religionssoziologie
Zwischen "Arzt spielen", "Work-Life-Balance" und "Highend-Medizin": wird "hegemoniale Männlichkeit" in der Medizin herausgefordert?
Titelübersetzung:Between "playing doctor", "work-life-balance", and "highend-medicine": do young doctors challenge "hegemonic masculinity" in the field of medicine?
Quelle: Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 17 (2016) 1, 30 S
Inhalt: Wir diskutieren die Frage, ob eine sogenannte "Feminisierung" bestehende "maskuline" Machtstrukturen in der Medizin herausfordert. Die Rede von der "Feminisierung der Medizin" setzt sowohl die "Maskulinität" voraus als auch deren Veränderung durch die Erhöhung des Frauenanteils. Wir stellen die Kontrastanalyse zweier Gruppendiskussionen aus der Längsschnittstudie Karriereverläufe und Karrierebrüche bei Ärztinnen und Ärzten während der fachärztlichen Weiterbildung (KarMed) vor; eine Diskussion mit angehenden Ärztinnen und eine mit angehenden Ärzten. Als manifestes Thema wurde Geschlechtlichkeit in beiden Diskussionen im diskursiven Kontext der sogenannten "Feminisierung" eingeführt - bezeichnenderweise im Kontrast zur gleichsam mythisch aufgeladenen Maskulinität der Chirurgie. Das Material unserer Gruppendiskussionen verweist auf eine nach wie vor maskuline Norm im Selbstverständnis der angehenden Ärztinnen und Ärzte. Die Männerrunde konstituierte sich als Gruppe der Ärzteschaft bei allen Differenzen wie selbstverständlich als männliche Norm. Die Frauengruppe konstituierte sich über eine geteilte Identifikation als "Frauen in der Medizin". Das Material wurde mit Methoden der psychoanalytischen Sozialforschung interpretiert und wird in diesem Beitrag im Hinblick auf die Begriffe der Feminisierung und der hegemonialen Männlichkeit diskutiert. (Autorenreferat)
Inhalt: In this contribution we discuss the question of whether the so-called "feminization" of medicine challenges persisting power structures in the field. The notion of the "feminization of medicine" implies both the "masculinity" of the field and its change due to the increasing number of female medical doctors. We present the comparative analysis of two group discussions from the longitudinal study "Career Paths and Career Breaks of Medical Doctors During Residency" (KarMed). One discussion was held with women, one discussion with men, all of whom had just completed their medical studies. In both discussions the theme of gender came up manifestly in the discursive context of the so-called "feminization of medicine". The discussants contrasted this "feminization" with the mythologically laden "masculinity" of surgery. The material of our group discussions indicates a persistent masculine norm in the perception of both female and male doctors. Despite all differences between their members, the group of men constituted itself as a group of medical doctors representing the masculine norm. The group of women constituted itself through shared identifications as "women in medicine". We analyzed the material with psychoanalytic methods in social research and we discuss our interpretations in relation to the notions of "feminization" and of "hegemonic masculinity". (author's abstract)
"Alle Mädchen. Alle nervenschwach, gestört und unglücklich." Sozialpsychologische Überlegungen zu dem Roman Feuchtgebiete und dem Phänomen des "Neuen Feminismus"
Titelübersetzung:"Alle Mädchen. Alle nervenschwach, gestört und unglücklich." Socialpsychological reflections on the novel Feuchtgebiete and its relation to the phenomenon of "neo-feminism"
Autor/in:
Löhlein, Marie-Sophie
Quelle: Psychologie und Gesellschaftskritik, 39 (2015) 2/3, S 101-127
Inhalt: Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Phänomen des "Neuen Feminismus" aus sozialpsychologischer Perspektive und stellt eine Verknüpfung zu dem Roman Feuchtgebiete der Autorin Charlotte Roche her. Ausgehend von der These Roches, die Überwindung des Ekels würde zur Emanzipation weiblicher Sexualität führen, zeichnet der Artikel die Rolle des Ekels in der Adoleszenz als Phase psychosexueller Entwicklung nach. Darauf aufbauend bietet er eine neue Interpretation des "Neuen Feminismus" an.
Inhalt: This article looks at the phenomenon of neo-feminism from a social psychological point of view and relates the subject to Charlotte Roche, the author of Feuchtgebiete. Based on Roche‘s thesis that overcoming the emotion disgust might liberate female sexuality, the article traces the role of the basic emotion disgust in the adolescent development of women. In the end, the article offers the reader a new interpretation of neo-feminism.